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Hohendanner F, Bock M, Keznickl-Pulst J, Furundzija V, Scholz S, Schöppenthau D, Hrytsyna Y, Falk V, Pieske B, Hindricks G, Potapov E, Gerds-Li JH. Mechanistic assessment and ablation of left ventricular assist device related ventricular tachycardia in patients with severe heart failure. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1086730. [PMID: 37123254 PMCID: PMC10130641 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1086730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Left-ventricular-assist-devices (lvad) are an established treatment for patients with severe heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF) and reduce mortality. However, HF patients have significant substrate for ventricular tachycardia (VT) and the lvad itself might be pro-arrhythmogenic. We investigated the mechanism of VT in lvad-patients in relation to the underlying etiology and provide in silico and ex-vivo data for ablation in these HF patients. Methods and Results: We retrospectively analyzed invasive electrophysiological (EP) studies of 17 patients with VT and lvad. The mechanism of VT was determined using electroanatomical, entrainment and activation time mapping. Ischemic cardiomyopathy was present in 70% of patients. VT originated from the lvad region in >30%. 1/6 patients with VT originating from the lvad region had episodes before lvad implantation, while 7/11 patients with VT originating from other regions had episodes before implantation. Number and time of radiofrequency (RF)-ablation lesions were not different between VTs originating from the lvad or other regions. Long-term freedom from VT was 50% upon ablation in patients with VT originating from the lvad region and 64% if ablation was conducted in other regions. To potentially preemptively mitigate lvad related VT in patients undergoing lvad implantation, we obtained in silico derived data and performed ex-vivo experiments targeting ventricular myocardium. Of the tested settings, application of 25 W for 30 s was safe and associated with optimal lesion characteristics. Conclusion: A significant percentage of patients with lvad undergoing VT ablation exhibit arrhythmia originating in close vicinity to the device and recurrence rates are high. Based on in silico and ex-vivo data, we propose individualized RF-ablation in selected patients at risk for/with lvad related VT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hohendanner
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Intensivmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Felix Hohendanner,
| | - Matthias Bock
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Vesna Furundzija
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Intensivmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Scholz
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doreen Schöppenthau
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Intensivmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuriy Hrytsyna
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Klinik für Herz, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Klinik für Herz, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Berlin, Germany
- Translational Cardiovascular Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hindricks
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Intensivmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evgenij Potapov
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jin-Hong Gerds-Li
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Intensivmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Pravdin SF, Patrakeev MA, Panfilov AV. Meander pattern of spiral wave and the spatial distribution of its cycle length. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:014215. [PMID: 36797919 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.014215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the most interesting dynamics of rotating spiral waves in an excitable medium is meandering. The tip of a meandering spiral wave moves along a complex trajectory, which often takes the shape of an epitrochoid or hypotrochoid with inward or outward petals. The cycle lengths (CLs) of a meandering spiral wave are not constant; rather, they depend on the meandering dynamics. In this paper, we show that the CLs take two mean values, outside T^{out} and inside T^{in} the meandering trajectory with a ratio of T^{in}/T^{out}=(n+1)/n for the inward and (n-1)/n for the outward petals, where n is the number of petals in the tip trajectory. We illustrate this using four models of excitable media and prove this result. These formulas are shown to be suitable for a meandering spiral wave in an anatomical model of the heart. We also show that the effective periods of overdrive pacing of meandering spiral waves depend on the electrode location relative to the tip trajectory. Overall, our approach can be used to study the meandering pattern from the CL data; it should work for any type of dynamics that produces complex tip trajectories of the spiral wave, for example, for a drift due to heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei F Pravdin
- Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia and Ural Federal University, High-Performance Computing Department, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Patrakeev
- Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia and Ural Federal University, Mathematical Analysis Department, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexander V Panfilov
- Ural Federal University, Research Laboratory "Mathematical Modeling in Physiology and Medicine Based on Supercomputers", 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia and World-Class Research Center "Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare", Sechenov University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Cai L, Jiao J, Ma P, Xie W, Wang Y. Estimation of left ventricular parameters based on deep learning method. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:6638-6658. [PMID: 35730275 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Estimating material properties of personalized human left ventricular (LV) modelling is a central problem in biomechanical studies. In this work we use deep learning (DL) method to evaluating the passive myocardial mechanical properties inversely. In the first part of the paper, we establish a standardized geometric model of the LV. The geometric model parameters are optimized based on 27 different healthy volunteers. In the second part, we use statistical methods and Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) to obtain the geometric parameters data. The LV myocardium is described using a structure-based orthotropic Holzapfel-Ogden constitutive law. The LV diastolic pressure-volume (PV) curves are calculated by numerical simulation. Tn the third part, we establish the multiple neural networks to pblackict PV curve parameters. Then, instead of using constrained optimization problems to solve constitutive parameters, DL was used to establish the nonlinear mapping relationship of geometric parameters, PV curve parameters and constitutive parameters. The results show that the deep learning method can greatly improve the computational efficiency of numerical simulation and increase the possibility of its application in rapid feedback of clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cai
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Scientific Computation and Applied Statistics, Xi'an 710129, China
- NPU-UoG International Cooperative Lab for Computation and Application in Cardiology, Xi'an 710129, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Jie Jiao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Scientific Computation and Applied Statistics, Xi'an 710129, China
- NPU-UoG International Cooperative Lab for Computation and Application in Cardiology, Xi'an 710129, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Pengfei Ma
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Scientific Computation and Applied Statistics, Xi'an 710129, China
- NPU-UoG International Cooperative Lab for Computation and Application in Cardiology, Xi'an 710129, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Wenxian Xie
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Scientific Computation and Applied Statistics, Xi'an 710129, China
- NPU-UoG International Cooperative Lab for Computation and Application in Cardiology, Xi'an 710129, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Yongheng Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Scientific Computation and Applied Statistics, Xi'an 710129, China
- NPU-UoG International Cooperative Lab for Computation and Application in Cardiology, Xi'an 710129, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
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4
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Ushenin K, Kalinin V, Gitinova S, Sopov O, Solovyova O. Parameter variations in personalized electrophysiological models of human heart ventricles. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249062. [PMID: 33909606 PMCID: PMC8081243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of personalized numerical simulations of the electrical activity in human ventricles by comparing simulated electrocardiograms (ECGs) with real patients’ ECGs and analyzing the sensitivity of the model output to variations in the model parameters. We used standard 12-lead ECGs and up to 224 unipolar body-surface ECGs to record three patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy devices and three patients with focal ventricular tachycardia. Patient-tailored geometrical models of the ventricles, atria, large vessels, liver, and spine were created using computed tomography data. Ten cases of focal ventricular activation were simulated using the bidomain model and the TNNP 2006 cellular model. The population-based values of electrical conductivities and other model parameters were used for accuracy analysis, and their variations were used for sensitivity analysis. The mean correlation coefficient between the simulated and real ECGs varied significantly (from r = 0.29 to r = 0.86) among the simulated cases. A strong mean correlation (r > 0.7) was found in eight of the ten model cases. The accuracy of the ECG simulation varied widely in the same patient depending on the localization of the excitation origin. The sensitivity analysis revealed that variations in the anisotropy ratio, blood conductivity, and cellular apicobasal heterogeneity had the strongest influence on transmembrane potential, while variation in lung conductivity had the greatest influence on body-surface ECGs. Futhermore, the anisotropy ratio predominantly affected the latest activation time and repolarization time dispersion, while the cellular apicobasal heterogeneity mainly affected the dispersion of action potential duration, and variation in lung conductivity mainly led to changes in the amplitudes of ECGs and cardiac electrograms. We also found that the effects of certain parameter variations had specific regional patterns on the cardiac and body surfaces. These observations are useful for further developing personalized cardiac models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Ushenin
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Sukaynat Gitinova
- Department of Surgical Treatment of Tachyarrhythmias, A.N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Sopov
- Department of Surgical Treatment of Tachyarrhythmias, A.N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Solovyova
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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5
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Drift of Scroll Waves in a Mathematical Model of a Heterogeneous Human Heart Left Ventricle. MATHEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/math8050776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rotating spiral waves of electrical excitation underlie many dangerous cardiac arrhythmias. The heterogeneity of myocardium is one of the factors that affects the dynamics of such waves. In this paper, we present results of our simulations for scroll wave dynamics in a heterogeneous model of the human left ventricle with analytical anatomically based representation of the geometry and anisotropy. We used a set of 18 coupled differential equations developed by ten Tusscher and Panfilov (TP06 model) which describes human ventricular cells based on their measured biophysical properties. We found that apicobasal heterogeneity dramatically changes the scroll wave dynamics. In the homogeneous model, the scroll wave annihilates at the base, but the moderate heterogeneity causes the wave to move to the apex and then continuously rotates around it. The rotation speed increased with the degree of the heterogeneity. However, for large heterogeneity, we observed formation of additional wavebreaks and the onset of complex spatio-temporal patterns. Transmural heterogeneity did not change the dynamics and decreased the lifetime of the scroll wave with an increase in heterogeneity. Results of our numerical experiments show that the apex may be a preferable location of the scroll wave, which may be important for development of clinical interventions.
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6
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Hughes RK, Moon JC, Captur G. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy deserves better - ditch the 16 segments. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1591-1592. [PMID: 31498500 DOI: 10.1113/ep088102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Hughes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, The Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - James C Moon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, The Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gabriella Captur
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Inherited Heart Muscle Conditions Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Royal Free Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK.,University College London MRC Unit of Lifelong Health and Ageing, London, UK
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7
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Di Achille P, Harouni A, Khamzin S, Solovyova O, Rice JJ, Gurev V. Gaussian Process Regressions for Inverse Problems and Parameter Searches in Models of Ventricular Mechanics. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1002. [PMID: 30154725 PMCID: PMC6102646 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient specific models of ventricular mechanics require the optimization of their many parameters under the uncertainties associated with imaging of cardiac function. We present a strategy to reduce the complexity of parametric searches for 3-D FE models of left ventricular contraction. The study employs automatic image segmentation and analysis of an image database to gain geometric features for several classes of patients. Statistical distributions of geometric parameters are then used to design parametric studies investigating the effects of: (1) passive material properties during ventricular filling, and (2) infarct geometry on ventricular contraction in patients after a heart attack. Gaussian Process regression is used in both cases to build statistical models trained on the results of biophysical FEM simulations. The first statistical model estimates unloaded configurations based on either the intraventricular pressure or the end-diastolic fiber strain. The technique provides an alternative to the standard fixed-point iteration algorithm, which is more computationally expensive when used to unload more than 10 ventricles. The second statistical model captures the effects of varying infarct geometries on cardiac output. For training, we designed high resolution models of non-transmural infarcts including refinements of the border zone around the lesion. This study is a first effort in developing a platform combining HPC models and machine learning to investigate cardiac function in heart failure patients with the goal of assisting clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Di Achille
- Healthcare and Life Sciences Research, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, United States
| | | | - Svyatoslav Khamzin
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia.,Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Olga Solovyova
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia.,Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - John J Rice
- Healthcare and Life Sciences Research, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, United States
| | - Viatcheslav Gurev
- Healthcare and Life Sciences Research, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, United States
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8
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Conduction in the Heart Wall: Helicoidal Fibers Minimize Diffusion Bias. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7165. [PMID: 29739992 PMCID: PMC5940931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian heart must function as an efficient pump while simultaneously conducting electrical signals to drive the contraction process. In the ventricles, electrical activation begins at the insertion points of the Purkinje network in the endocardium. How does the diffusion component of the subsequent excitation wave propagate from the endocardium in a healthy heart wall without creating directional biases? We show that this is a consequence of the particular geometric organization of myocytes in the heart wall. Using a generalized helicoid to model fiber orientation, we treat the myocardium as a curved space via Riemannian geometry, and then use stochastic calculus to model local signal diffusion. Our analysis shows that the helicoidal arrangement of myocytes minimizes the directional biases that could lead to aberrant propagation, thereby explaining how electrophysiological principles are consistent with local measurements of cardiac fiber geometry. We discuss our results in the context of the need to balance electrical and mechanical requirements for heart function.
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9
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Zhang Z, Steinbock O. Suppression of turbulence by heterogeneities in a cardiac model with fiber rotation. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2017; 27:093921. [PMID: 28964123 DOI: 10.1063/1.5000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrical scroll wave turbulence in human ventricles is associated with ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. We perform three-dimensional simulations on the basis of the anisotropic Fenton-Karma model and show that macroscopic, insulating heterogeneities (e.g., blood vessels) can cause the spontaneous formation of pinned scroll waves. The wave field of these vortices is periodic, and their frequencies are sufficiently high to push the free, turbulent vortices into the system boundaries where they annihilate. Our study considers cylindrical heterogeneities with radii in the range of 0.1 to 2 cm that extend either in the transmural or a perpendicular direction. Thick cylinders cause the spontaneous formation of multi-armed rotors according to a radius-dependence that is explained in terms of two-dimensional dynamics. For long cylinders, local pinning contacts spread along the heterogeneity by fast and complex self-wrapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA
| | - Oliver Steinbock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA
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10
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CALDWELL BRYANJ, TREW MARKL, LEGRICE IANJ, SMAILL BRUCEH. Development of 3-D Intramural and Surface Potentials in the LV: Microstructural Basis of Preferential Transmural Conduction. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2017; 28:692-701. [DOI: 10.1111/jce.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- BRYAN J. CALDWELL
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute; The University of Auckland; New Zealand
| | - MARK L. TREW
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute; The University of Auckland; New Zealand
| | - IAN J. LEGRICE
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute; The University of Auckland; New Zealand
- Department of Physiology; The University of Auckland; New Zealand
| | - BRUCE H. SMAILL
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute; The University of Auckland; New Zealand
- Department of Physiology; The University of Auckland; New Zealand
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11
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A Mathematical Spline-Based Model of Cardiac Left Ventricle Anatomy and Morphology. COMPUTATION 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/computation4040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Koshelev AA, Bazhutina AE, Pravdin SF, Ushenin KS, Katsnelson LB, Solovyova OE. A modified mathematical model of the anatomy of the cardiac left ventricle. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350916050134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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13
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Alonso S, Bär M, Echebarria B. Nonlinear physics of electrical wave propagation in the heart: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:096601. [PMID: 27517161 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/9/096601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The beating of the heart is a synchronized contraction of muscle cells (myocytes) that is triggered by a periodic sequence of electrical waves (action potentials) originating in the sino-atrial node and propagating over the atria and the ventricles. Cardiac arrhythmias like atrial and ventricular fibrillation (AF,VF) or ventricular tachycardia (VT) are caused by disruptions and instabilities of these electrical excitations, that lead to the emergence of rotating waves (VT) and turbulent wave patterns (AF,VF). Numerous simulation and experimental studies during the last 20 years have addressed these topics. In this review we focus on the nonlinear dynamics of wave propagation in the heart with an emphasis on the theory of pulses, spirals and scroll waves and their instabilities in excitable media with applications to cardiac modeling. After an introduction into electrophysiological models for action potential propagation, the modeling and analysis of spatiotemporal alternans, spiral and scroll meandering, spiral breakup and scroll wave instabilities like negative line tension and sproing are reviewed in depth and discussed with emphasis on their impact for cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Alonso
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12 10587, Berlin, Germany. Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Dr. Marañón 44, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Solovyova O, Katsnelson LB, Kohl P, Panfilov AV, Tsaturyan AK, Tsyvian PB. Mechano-electric heterogeneity of the myocardium as a paradigm of its function. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 120:249-54. [PMID: 26713555 PMCID: PMC4821177 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial heterogeneity is well appreciated and widely documented, from sub-cellular to organ levels. This paper reviews significant achievements of the group, led by Professor Vladimir S. Markhasin, Russia, who was one of the pioneers in studying and interpreting the relevance of cardiac functional heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Solovyova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Leonid B Katsnelson
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Peter Kohl
- Research Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, UK.
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15
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Dibb K, Trafford A, Zhang H, Eisner D. A model model: a commentary on DiFrancesco and Noble (1985) 'A model of cardiac electrical activity incorporating ionic pumps and concentration changes'. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:rstb.2014.0316. [PMID: 25750236 PMCID: PMC4360121 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper summarizes the advances made by the DiFrancesco and Noble (DFN) model of cardiac cellular electrophysiology, which was published in Philosophical Transactions B in 1985. This model was developed at a time when the introduction of new techniques and provision of experimental data had resulted in an explosion of knowledge about the cellular and biophysical properties of the heart. It advanced the cardiac modelling field from a period when computer models considered only the voltage-dependent channels in the surface membrane. In particular, it included a consideration of changes of both intra- and extracellular ionic concentrations. In this paper, we summarize the most important contributions of the DiFrancesco and Noble paper. We also describe how computer modelling has developed subsequently with the extension from the single cell to the whole heart as well as its use in understanding disease and predicting the effects of pharmaceutical interventions. This commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Dibb
- Institute for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Trafford
- Institute for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Henggui Zhang
- Computational Biology, Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Eisner
- Institute for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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16
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Drift of Scroll Wave Filaments in an Anisotropic Model of the Left Ventricle of the Human Heart. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:389830. [PMID: 26539486 PMCID: PMC4619794 DOI: 10.1155/2015/389830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Scroll waves are three-dimensional vortices which occur in excitable media. Their formation in the heart results in the onset of cardiac arrhythmias, and the dynamics of their filaments determine the arrhythmia type. Most studies of filament dynamics were performed in domains with simple geometries and generic description of the anisotropy of cardiac tissue. Recently, we developed an analytical model of fibre structure and anatomy of the left ventricle (LV) of the human heart. Here, we perform a systematic study of the dynamics of scroll wave filaments for the cases of positive and negative tension in this anatomical model. We study the various possible shapes of LV and different degree of anisotropy of cardiac tissue. We show that, for positive filament tension, the final position of scroll wave filament is mainly determined by the thickness of the myocardial wall but, however, anisotropy attracts the filament to the LV apex. For negative filament tension, the filament buckles, and for most cases, tends to the apex of the heart with no or slight dependency on the thickness of the LV. We discuss the mechanisms of the observed phenomena and their implications for cardiac arrhythmias.
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