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Peng C, Cheng Y, Ma M, Chen Q, Duan Y, Liu S, Cheng H, Yang H, Huang J, Bu W, Shi C, Wu X, Chen J, Zheng R, Liu Z, Ji Z, Wang J, Huang X, Wang P, Sha W, Ge B, Wang L. Mycobacterium tuberculosis suppresses host antimicrobial peptides by dehydrogenating L-alanine. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4216. [PMID: 38760394 PMCID: PMC11101664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), ancient scavengers of bacteria, are very poorly induced in macrophages infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report that L-alanine interacts with PRSS1 and unfreezes the inhibitory effect of PRSS1 on the activation of NF-κB pathway to induce the expression of AMPs, but mycobacterial alanine dehydrogenase (Ald) Rv2780 hydrolyzes L-alanine and reduces the level of L-alanine in macrophages, thereby suppressing the expression of AMPs to facilitate survival of mycobacteria. Mechanistically, PRSS1 associates with TAK1 and disruptes the formation of TAK1/TAB1 complex to inhibit TAK1-mediated activation of NF-κB pathway, but interaction of L-alanine with PRSS1, disables PRSS1-mediated impairment on TAK1/TAB1 complex formation, thereby triggering the activation of NF-κB pathway to induce expression of AMPs. Moreover, deletion of antimicrobial peptide gene β-defensin 4 (Defb4) impairs the virulence by Rv2780 during infection in mice. Both L-alanine and the Rv2780 inhibitor, GWP-042, exhibits excellent inhibitory activity against M. tuberculosis infection in vivo. Our findings identify a previously unrecognized mechanism that M. tuberculosis uses its own alanine dehydrogenase to suppress host immunity, and provide insights relevant to the development of effective immunomodulators that target M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanna Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingtong Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjia Duan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingping Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyi Bu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyue Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Translation Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxia Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Translation Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijuan Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shanghai Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sha
- Shanghai Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoxue Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Translation Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Chronic Pancreatitis: The True Pathogenic Culprit within the SPINK1 N34S-Containing Haplotype Is No Longer at Large. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111683. [PMID: 34828289 PMCID: PMC8619230 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A diverse range of loss-of-function variants in the SPINK1 gene (encoding pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor) has been identified in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). The haplotype harboring the SPINK1 c.101A>G (p.Asn34Ser or N34S) variant (rs17107315:T>C) is one of the most important heritable risk factors for CP as a consequence of its relatively high prevalence worldwide (population allele frequency ≈ 1%) and its considerable effect size (odds ratio ≈ 11). The causal variant responsible for this haplotype has been intensively investigated over the past two decades. The different hypotheses tested addressed whether the N34S missense variant has a direct impact on enzyme structure and function, whether c.101A>G could affect pre-mRNA splicing or mRNA stability, and whether another variant in linkage disequilibrium with c.101A>G might be responsible for the observed association with CP. Having reviewed the currently available genetic and experimental data, we conclude that c.-4141G>T (rs142703147:C>A), which disrupts a PTF1L-binding site within an evolutionarily conserved HNF1A-PTF1L cis-regulatory module located ∼4 kb upstream of the SPINK1 promoter, can be designated as the causal variant beyond reasonable doubt. This case illustrates the difficulties inherent in determining the identity of the causal variant underlying an initially identified disease association.
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Development of a Bio-Layer Interferometry-Based Protease Assay Using HIV-1 Protease as a Model. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061183. [PMID: 34205716 PMCID: PMC8235736 DOI: 10.3390/v13061183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic enzymes have great significance in medicine and the pharmaceutical industry and are applied in multiple fields of life sciences. Therefore, cost-efficient, reliable and sensitive real-time monitoring methods are highly desirable to measure protease activity. In this paper, we describe the development of a new experimental approach for investigation of proteolytic enzymes. The method was designed by the combination of recombinant fusion protein substrates and bio-layer interferometry (BLI). The protease (PR) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was applied as model enzyme to set up and test the method. The principle of the assay is that the recombinant protein substrates immobilized to the surface of biosensor are specifically cleaved by the PR, and the substrate processing can be followed by measuring change in the layer thickness by optical measurement. We successfully used this method to detect the HIV-1 PR activity in real time, and the initial rate of the signal decrease was found to be proportional to the enzyme activity. Substrates representing wild-type and modified cleavage sites were designed to study HIV-1 PR's specificity, and the BLI-based measurements showed differential cleavage efficiency of the substrates, which was proven by enzyme kinetic measurements. We applied this BLI-based assay to experimentally confirm the existence of extended binding sites at the surface of HIV-1 PR. We found the measurements may be performed using lysates of cells expressing the fusion protein, without primary purification of the substrate. The designed BLI-based protease assay is high-throughput-compatible and enables real-time and small-volume measurements, thus providing a new and versatile approach to study proteolytic enzymes.
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Biochemical characterization of zebrafish Prss59.1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 560:32-36. [PMID: 33965786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Eleven genes, including prss59.1, were selected as candidate ovulation-inducing genes on the basis of microarray analysis and RNA sequencing in our previous study. To address the role of prss59.1, the prss59.1 gene knock-out zebrafish strain is currently being established by genome editing. In this study, for further phenotypic analysis of prss59.1, biochemical characterization of Prss59.1 was conducted using recombinant protein. A C-terminal histidine-tagged version of zebrafish Prss 59.1 was constructed. Although E. coli-produced recombinant Prss59.1 showed almost no activity, peptidase activities appeared after denaturation and renaturation. Zebrafish Prss59.1 showed the highest activity against Lys-MCA. The optimal temperature and pH of the activity toward Lys-MCA were 37 °C and pH 8.0, respectively. The Km value was 0.17 mM. Thus, zebrafish Prss59.1 possesses the closed character of trypsin, as expected from the DNA sequence.
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Szabó A, Toldi V, Gazda LD, Demcsák A, Tőzsér J, Sahin-Tóth M. Defective binding of SPINK1 variants is an uncommon mechanism for impaired trypsin inhibition in chronic pancreatitis. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100343. [PMID: 33515547 PMCID: PMC7949130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) protects the pancreas from intrapancreatic trypsin activation that can lead to pancreatitis. Loss-of-function genetic variants of SPINK1 increase the risk for chronic pancreatitis, often by diminishing inhibitor expression or secretion. Variants that are secreted normally have been presumed to be pathogenic because of defective trypsin inhibition, but evidence has been lacking. Here, we report quantitative studies on the inhibition of human trypsins by wildtype SPINK1 and seven secreted missense variants. We found that tyrosine sulfation of human trypsins weakens binding of SPINK1 because of altered interactions with Tyr43 in the SPINK1 reactive loop. Using authentic sulfated human trypsins, we provide conclusive evidence that SPINK1 variants N34S, N37S, R65Q, and Q68R have unimpaired inhibitory activity, whereas variant P55S exhibits a small and clinically insignificant binding defect. In contrast, rare variants K41N and I42M that affect the reactive-site peptide bond of SPINK1 decrease inhibitor binding by 20,000- to 30,000-fold and three- to sevenfold, respectively. Taken together, the observations indicate that defective trypsin inhibition by SPINK1 variants is an uncommon mechanism in chronic pancreatitis. The results also strengthen the notion that a decline in inhibitor levels explains pancreatitis risk associated with the large majority of SPINK1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Center for Exocrine Disorders, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Vanda Toldi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular, Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lívia Diána Gazda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular, Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Demcsák
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - József Tőzsér
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sahin-Tóth
- Center for Exocrine Disorders, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Toldi V, Szabó A, Sahin-Tóth M. Inactivation of mesotrypsin by chymotrypsin C prevents trypsin inhibitor degradation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3447-3455. [PMID: 32014997 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesotrypsin is an unusual human trypsin isoform with inhibitor resistance and the ability to degrade trypsin inhibitors. Degradation of the protective serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) by mesotrypsin in the pancreas may contribute to the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Here we tested the hypothesis that the regulatory digestive protease chymotrypsin C (CTRC) mitigates the harmful effects of mesotrypsin by cleaving the autolysis loop. As human trypsins are post-translationally sulfated in the autolysis loop, we also assessed the effect of this modification. We found that mesotrypsin cleaved in the autolysis loop by CTRC exhibited catalytic impairment on short peptides due to a 10-fold increase in Km , it digested β-casein poorly and bound soybean trypsin inhibitor with 10-fold decreased affinity. Importantly, CTRC-cleaved mesotrypsin degraded SPINK1 with markedly reduced efficiency. Sulfation increased mesotrypsin activity but accelerated CTRC-mediated cleavage of the autolysis loop and did not protect against the detrimental effect of CTRC cleavage. The observations indicate that CTRC-mediated cleavage of the autolysis loop in mesotrypsin decreases protease activity and thereby protects the pancreas against unwanted SPINK1 degradation. The findings expand the role of CTRC as a key defense mechanism against pancreatitis through regulation of intrapancreatic trypsin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanda Toldi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Center for Exocrine Disorders, Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118.
| | - Miklós Sahin-Tóth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Center for Exocrine Disorders, Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118; Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095.
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7
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Schilling O, Biniossek ML, Mayer B, Elsässer B, Brandstetter H, Goettig P, Stenman UH, Koistinen H. Specificity profiling of human trypsin-isoenzymes. Biol Chem 2019; 399:997-1007. [PMID: 29883318 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In humans, three different trypsin-isoenzymes have been described. Of these, trypsin-3 appears to be functionally different from the others. In order to systematically study the specificity of the trypsin-isoenzymes, we utilized proteome-derived peptide libraries and quantitative proteomics. We found similar specificity profiles dominated by the well-characterized preference for cleavage after lysine and arginine. Especially, trypsin-1 slightly favored lysine over arginine in this position, while trypsin-3 did not discriminate between them. In the P1' position, which is the residue C-terminal to the cleavage site, we noticed a subtle enrichment of alanine and glycine for all three trypsins and for trypsin-3 there were additional minor P1' and P2' preferences for threonine and aspartic acid, respectively. These findings were confirmed by FRET peptide substrates showing different susceptibility to cleavage by different trypsins. The preference of trypsin-3 for aspartic acid in P2' is explained by salt bridge formation with the unique Arg193. This salt bridge enables and stabilizes a canonical oxyanion conformation by the amides of Ser195 and Arg193, thus manifesting a selective substrate-assisted catalysis. As trypsin-3 has been proposed to be a therapeutic target and marker for cancers, our results may aid the development of specific inhibitors for cancer therapy and diagnostic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schilling
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin L Biniossek
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Mayer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brigitta Elsässer
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstr. 11, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hans Brandstetter
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstr. 11, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Goettig
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstr. 11, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
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Mótyán JA, Miczi M, Bozóki B, Tőzsér J. Data supporting Ni-NTA magnetic bead-based fluorescent protease assay using recombinant fusion protein substrates. Data Brief 2018; 18:203-208. [PMID: 29896511 PMCID: PMC5996236 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Data provided here are related to the research article entitled as ‘A recombinant fusion protein-based, fluorescent protease assay for high throughput-compatible substrate screening’. Here we describe data related to the investigation of the properties of the His6-MBP-VSQNY↓PIVQ-mApple recombinant protein substrate and its interactions with Ni-NTA magnetic beads, including the dependence of substrate attachment on incubation time and concentration. Data on the folding efficiency and conformational stability of the recombinant substrate assessed by tryptic digestion are also presented. We describe here the changes of fluorescent properties and binding abilities upon treatments commonly used for stopping enzymatic reactions: trichloroacetic acid (TCA) or heat treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- János András Mótyán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, POB 6, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Márió Miczi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, POB 6, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Bozóki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, POB 6, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary.,Biotechnological Analytical Department, Gedeon Richter Plc, 19-21. Gyömrői Rd, Budapest, H-1103 Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, POB 6, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary
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Jacquet A, Campisi V, Szpakowska M, Dumez ME, Galleni M, Chevigné A. Profiling the Extended Cleavage Specificity of the House Dust Mite Protease Allergens Der p 1, Der p 3 and Der p 6 for the Prediction of New Cell Surface Protein Substrates. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071373. [PMID: 28654001 PMCID: PMC5535866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
House dust mite (HDM) protease allergens, through cleavages of critical surface proteins, drastically influence the initiation of the Th2 type immune responses. However, few human protein substrates for HDM proteases have been identified so far, mainly by applying time-consuming target-specific individual studies. Therefore, the identification of substrate repertoires for HDM proteases would represent an unprecedented key step toward a better understanding of the mechanism of HDM allergic response. In this study, phage display screenings using totally or partially randomized nonameric peptide substrate libraries were performed to characterize the extended substrate specificities (P5–P4′) of the HDM proteases Der p 1, Der p 3 and Der p 6. The bioinformatics interface PoPS (Prediction of Protease Specificity) was then applied to define the proteolytic specificity profile of each protease and to predict new protein substrates within the human cell surface proteome, with a special focus on immune receptors. Specificity profiling showed that the nature of residues in P1 but also downstream the cleavage sites (P′ positions) are important for effective cleavages by all three HDM proteases. Strikingly, Der p 1 and Der p 3 display partially overlapping specificities. Analysis with PoPS interface predicted 50 new targets for the HDM proteases, including 21 cell surface receptors whose extracellular domains are potentially cleaved by Der p 1, Der p 3 and/or Der p 6. Twelve protein substrate candidates were confirmed by phage ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). This extensive study of the natural protein substrate specificities of the HDM protease allergens unveils new cell surface target receptors for a better understanding on the role of these proteases in the HDM allergic response and paves the way for the design of specific protease inhibitors for future anti-allergic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Jacquet
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Research Affairs, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Vincenzo Campisi
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Laboratoire des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre for Protein Engineering (CIP), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Marie-Eve Dumez
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Laboratoire des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre for Protein Engineering (CIP), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Moreno Galleni
- Laboratoire des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre for Protein Engineering (CIP), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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10
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Balázs A, Hegyi P, Sahin-Tóth M. Pathogenic cellular role of the p.L104P human cationic trypsinogen variant in chronic pancreatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G477-86. [PMID: 26822915 PMCID: PMC4824176 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00444.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the PRSS1 gene encoding human cationic trypsinogen are associated with hereditary and sporadic chronic pancreatitis. High-penetrance PRSS1 mutations found in hereditary pancreatitis alter activation and/or degradation of cationic trypsinogen, thereby promoting intrapancreatic trypsinogen activation. In contrast, a number of rare PRSS1 variants identified in subjects with sporadic chronic pancreatitis cause misfolding and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Mutation p.L104P is unique among natural PRSS1 variants, since it affects the substrate binding site of trypsin. The aim of the present study was to establish the clinical significance of variant p.L104P through functional analysis. We found that p.L104P trypsin exhibited decreased activity on peptide and protein substrates; however, autoactivation was slightly accelerated. Remarkably, binding of the physiological trypsin inhibitor serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) was decreased by 70-fold. In the presence of the trypsinogen-degrading enzyme chymotrypsin C, mutant p.L104P autoactivated to higher trypsin levels than wild-type trypsinogen. This apparent resistance to degradation was due to slower cleavage at Arg(122) rather than Leu(81) Finally, secretion of mutant p.L104P from transfected cells was markedly reduced due to intracellular retention and aggregation with concomitant elevation of ER stress markers. We conclude that PRSS1 variant p.L104P exhibits a variety of phenotypic changes that can increase risk for chronic pancreatitis. Mutation-induced misfolding and associated ER stress are the dominant effects that support a direct pathogenic role in chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Balázs
- 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; ,2First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Péter Hegyi
- 2First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; ,3MTA-SZTE Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Szeged, Hungary; and ,4Institute for Translational Medicine and 1st Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sahin-Tóth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts;
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