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Maksimov AY, Balandina SY, Topanov PA, Mashevskaya IV, Chaudhary S. Organic Antifungal Drugs and Targets of Their Action. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:705-736. [PMID: 33423647 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210108122622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of fungal diseases. This is due to a wide spectrum of action, immunosuppressants and other group drugs. In terms of frequency, rapid spread and globality, fungal infections are approaching acute respiratory infections. Antimycotics are medicinal substances endorsed with fungicidal or fungistatic properties. For the treatment of fungal diseases, several groups of compounds are used that differ in their origin (natural or synthetic), molecular targets and mechanism of action, antifungal effect (fungicidal or fungistatic), indications for use (local or systemic infections), and methods of administration (parenteral, oral, outdoor). Several efforts have been made by various medicinal chemists around the world for the development of antifungal drugs with high efficacy with the least toxicity and maximum selectivity in the area of antifungal chemotherapy. The pharmacokinetic properties of the new antimycotics are also important: the ability to penetrate biological barriers, be absorbed and distributed in tissues and organs, get accumulated in tissues affected by micromycetes, undergo drug metabolism in the intestinal microflora and human organs, and in the kinetics of excretion from the body. There are several ways to search for new effective antimycotics: - Obtaining new derivatives of the already used classes of antimycotics with improved activity properties. - Screening of new chemical classes of synthetic antimycotic compounds. - Screening of natural compounds. - Identification of new unique molecular targets in the fungal cell. - Development of new compositions and dosage forms with effective delivery vehicles. The methods of informatics, bioinformatics, genomics and proteomics were extensively investigated for the development of new antimycotics. These techniques were employed in finding and identification of new molecular proteins in a fungal cell; in the determination of the selectivity of drugprotein interactions, evaluation of drug-drug interactions and synergism of drugs; determination of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies; determination of the molecular design of the most active, selective and safer drugs for the humans, animals and plants. In medical applications, the methods of information analysis and pharmacogenomics allow taking into account the individual phenotype of the patient, the level of expression of the targets of antifungal drugs when choosing antifungal agents and their dosage. This review article incorporates some of the most significant studies covering the basic structures and approaches for the synthesis of antifungal drugs and the directions for their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yu Maksimov
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Chemistry, Perm State University, Perm 614990, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Yu Balandina
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Chemistry, Perm State University, Perm 614990, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel A Topanov
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Chemistry, Perm State University, Perm 614990, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Mashevskaya
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Chemistry, Perm State University, Perm 614990, Russian Federation
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC lab), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, India
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da Cruz RMD, Batista TM, de Sousa TKG, Mangueira VM, Dos Santos JAF, de Abrantes RA, Ferreira RC, Leite FC, Brito MT, Batista LM, Veras RC, Vieira GC, Mendonca FJB, de Araújo RSA, Sobral MV. Coumarin derivative 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin induces in vivo antitumor activity by inhibit angiogenesis via CCL2 chemokine decrease. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1701-1714. [PMID: 32388599 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most urgent problems in medicine. In recent years, cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. In search for more effective and less toxic treatment against cancer, natural products are used as prototypes in the synthesis of new anticancer drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo toxicity and the mechanism of antitumor action of 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin (UMB-07), a coumarin derivative with antitumor activity. The toxicity was evaluated in vitro (hemolysis assay), and in vivo (micronucleus and acute toxicity assays). Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model was used to evaluate in vivo antitumor activity of UMB-07 (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, i.p.), after 9 days of treatment, as well as toxicity. UMB-07 (2000 μg/mL) induced only 0.8% of hemolysis in peripheral blood erythrocytes of mice. On acute toxicity assay, LD50 (50% lethal dose) was estimated at around 1000 mg/kg (i.p.), and no micronucleated erythrocytes were recorded after UMB-07 (300 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment. UMB-07 (25 and 50 mg/kg) reduced tumor volume and total viable cancer cells. In the mechanism action investigation, no changes were observed on the cell cycle analysis; however, UMB-07 reduced peritumoral microvessels density and CCL2 chemokine levels. In addition, UMB-07 showed weak toxicity on biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters after 9 days of antitumor treatment. The current findings suggest that UMB-07 has low toxicity and exerts antitumor effect by inhibit angiogenesis via CCL2 chemokine decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryldene Marques Duarte da Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Tatianne Mota Batista
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Tatyanna Kelvia Gomes de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Vivianne Mendes Mangueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Jephesson Alex Floriano Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Renata Albuquerque de Abrantes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael Carlos Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Fagner Carvalho Leite
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Monalisa Taveira Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Leônia Maria Batista
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-970, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Robson Cavalcante Veras
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Giciane Carvalho Vieira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marianna Vieira Sobral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-970, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-970, Brazil.
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Jia C, Zhang J, Yu L, Wang C, Yang Y, Rong X, Xu K, Chu M. Antifungal Activity of Coumarin Against Candida albicans Is Related to Apoptosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 8:445. [PMID: 30662877 PMCID: PMC6328497 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone), an aromatic oxygen-containing heterocyclic compound, has various biological functions. Previous studies have demonstrated that coumarin and its derivatives exhibit antifungal activity against Candida albicans. In this study, we investigated the exact mechanism by which coumarin works against this fungus using Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, TUNEL assay, and DAPI staining, and found that it induced a series of apoptotic features, including phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, DNA fragmentation, and nuclear condensation. Moreover, it also induced cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm and metacaspase activation. Further study revealed that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were increased and mitochondrial functions, such as mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial morphology, were altered after treatment with coumarin. Cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels were also found to be elevated. However, pretreatment with ruthenium red (RR), a known mitochondrial Ca2+ channel inhibitor, attenuated coumarin-mediated DNA fragmentation and metacaspase activity, indicating that the coumarin-induced C. albicans apoptosis is associated with mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. Finally, coumarin was found to be low-toxic and effective in prolonging the survival of C. albicans-infected mice. This study highlights the antifungal activity and mechanism of coumarin against C. albicans and provides a potential treatment strategy for C. albicans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Jia
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenglu Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yijia Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xing Rong
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Maoping Chu
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Desoubeaux G, Cray C. Animal Models of Aspergillosis. Comp Med 2018; 68:109-123. [PMID: 29663936 PMCID: PMC5897967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillosis is an airborne fungal disease caused by Aspergillus spp., a group of ubiquitous molds. This disease causes high morbidity and mortality in both humans and animals. The growing importance of this infection over recent decades has created a need for practical and reproducible models of aspergillosis. The use of laboratory animals provides a platform to understand fungal virulence and pathophysiology, assess diagnostic tools, and evaluate new antifungal drugs. In this review, we describe the fungus, various Aspergillus-related diseases in humans and animals and various experimental animal models. Overall, we highlight the advantages and limitations of the animal models, the experimental variables that can affect the course of the disease and the reproducibility of infection, and the critical need for standardization of the species, immunosuppressive drugs, route of infection, and diagnostic criteria to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Desoubeaux
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Comparative Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; Parasitology-Mycology Service, Tropical Medicine Program, University Hospital of Tours, CEPR - Inserm U1100, Medical Faculty, François Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - Carolyn Cray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Comparative Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,
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Singh AK, Prasad S, Kumar B, Kumar S, Anand A, Kamble SS, Sharma SK, Gautam HK. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Synthetic Pyranochromenones and (Coumarinyloxy)acetamides. Indian J Microbiol 2017; 57:499-502. [PMID: 29151652 PMCID: PMC5671431 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-017-0675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Four (1, 2, 4 and 6) synthetic quaternary ammonium derivatives of pyranochromenones and (coumarinyloxy)acetamides were synthesized and investigated for their antimicrobial efficacy on MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), and multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain. One of the four compounds screened i.e. N,N,N-triethyl-10-((4,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-2,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrano[3,2-g]chromen-10-yl)oxy)decan-1-aminium bromide (1), demonstrated significant activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and M. tuberculosis with MIC value of 16, 35, and 15.62 µg/ml respectively. The cytotoxicity evaluation of compound 1 on A549 cell lines showed it to be a safe antimicrobial molecule, TEM study suggested that the compound led to the rupture of the bacterial cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suchita Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Bipul Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Amitesh Anand
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Shashank S. Kamble
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Sunil K. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Hemant K. Gautam
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, Delhi, 110025 India
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Chemoenzymatic Synthesis, Nanotization, and Anti-Aspergillus Activity of Optically Enriched Fluconazole Analogues. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00273-17. [PMID: 28607028 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00273-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods in antifungal research, aspergillosis still remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. One strategy to address this problem is to enhance the activity spectrum of known antifungals, and we now report the first successful application of Candida antarctica lipase (CAL) for the preparation of optically enriched fluconazole analogues. Anti-Aspergillus activity was observed for an optically enriched derivative, (-)-S-2-(2',4'-difluorophenyl)-1-hexyl-amino-3-(1‴,2‴,4‴)triazol-1‴-yl-propan-2-ol, which exhibits MIC values of 15.6 μg/ml and 7.8 μg/disc in broth microdilution and disc diffusion assays, respectively. This compound is tolerated by mammalian erythrocytes and cell lines (A549 and U87) at concentrations of up to 1,000 μg/ml. When incorporated into dextran nanoparticles, the novel, optically enriched fluconazole analogue exhibited improved antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC, 1.63 μg/ml). These results not only demonstrate the ability of biocatalytic approaches to yield novel, optically enriched fluconazole derivatives but also suggest that enantiomerically pure fluconazole derivatives, and their nanotized counterparts, exhibiting anti-Aspergillus activity may have reduced toxicity.
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Desoubeaux G, Cray C. Rodent Models of Invasive Aspergillosis due to Aspergillus fumigatus: Still a Long Path toward Standardization. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:841. [PMID: 28559881 PMCID: PMC5432554 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis has been studied in laboratory by the means of plethora of distinct animal models. They were developed to address pathophysiology, therapy, diagnosis, or miscellaneous other concerns associated. However, there are great discrepancies regarding all the experimental variables of animal models, and a thorough focus on them is needed. This systematic review completed a comprehensive bibliographic analysis specifically-based on the technical features of rodent models infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. Out the 800 articles reviewed, it was shown that mice remained the preferred model (85.8% of the referenced reports), above rats (10.8%), and guinea pigs (3.8%). Three quarters of the models involved immunocompromised status, mainly by steroids (44.4%) and/or alkylating drugs (42.9%), but only 27.7% were reported to receive antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent from bacterial infection. Injection of spores (30.0%) and inhalation/deposition into respiratory airways (66.9%) were the most used routes for experimental inoculation. Overall, more than 230 distinct A. fumigatus strains were used in models. Of all the published studies, 18.4% did not mention usage of any diagnostic tool, like histopathology or mycological culture, to control correct implementation of the disease and to measure outcome. In light of these findings, a consensus discussion should be engaged to establish a minimum standardization, although this may not be consistently suitable for addressing all the specific aspects of invasive aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Desoubeaux
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of MiamiMiami, FL, USA.,Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie-Médecine tropicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de ToursTours, France.,Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR) Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1100/Équipe 3, Université François-RabelaisTours, France
| | - Carolyn Cray
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of MiamiMiami, FL, USA
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Synthesis and antibacterial activity screening of quaternary ammonium derivatives of triazolyl pyranochromenones. J CHEM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-016-1214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kumar S, Prasad S, Kumar B, Gautam HK, Sharma SK. Synthesis of novel triazolyl pyranochromen-2(1H)-ones and their antibacterial activity evaluation. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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