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Tang TS, Gill S, Basra I. An Active Learning Model for Promoting Healthy Cooking and Dietary Strategies Among South Asian Children: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Nutrients 2025; 17:541. [PMID: 39940398 PMCID: PMC11820363 DOI: 10.3390/nu17030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Revised: 01/20/2025] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: South Asian children living in Canada have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors compared to their non-South Asian counterparts, and poor dietary habits may contribute to this health disparity. Methods: This study uses a pre-post intervention design to examine the impact of a family-focused, "hands-on" cooking workshop on improving three cooking and dietary strategies: (1) using healthy cooking techniques, (2) practicing portion control, and (3) making healthy substitutions. We recruited 70 South Asian parent-child dyads (n = 140) across four elementary schools in Surrey, British Columbia. The 90 min workshop includes a didactic segment on healthy food preparation and dietary strategies, followed by an interactive cooking session where participants make a healthier version of a traditional Punjabi dish. Results: Among the three dietary strategies measured, both children and parents increased their frequency of using healthy cooking techniques (child p = 0.02; parent p < 0.001) and practicing portion control (child p < 0.001; parent p = 0.02). No changes were reported by either group for making healthy substitutions. Conclusions: Findings suggest that educational approaches that engage the family as a unit and encourage active participation are associated with improvements in cooking and dietary strategies in the South Asian community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia S. Tang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Simran Gill
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada;
| | - Inderpreet Basra
- Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, London E1 1BB, UK
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Vo V, Lopez G, Malay S, Roman YM. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Asian Americans: Perspectives on the Role of Acculturation in Cardiovascular Diseases Health Disparities. J Immigr Minor Health 2024; 26:409-420. [PMID: 37222869 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The growing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in the United States (US) has disproportionately affected minority populations more than their white counterparts. A population that is often overlooked is the Asian American population, particularly Southeastern Asian immigrants. Despite having relatively favorable socioeconomic indicators compared to the general US population, Asian Americans, specifically Southeast Asian individuals, face a significant burden of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and are considered a high cardiovascular disease risk group. In addition, most studies have aggregated Asian populations into one major racial group rather than analyzing the different ethnicities among the Asian categorization. While some studies suggest that the acculturation process has some degree of impact on cardiovascular health, there has not been a widely-used tool to measure or ascertain the totality of acculturation. Instead, multiple proxies have been used to measure acculturation, and prior studies have argued for more culturally-tailored acculturation proxies. This paper aims to assess the implications of different acculturation measures on cardiovascular health among Asian Americans, particularly Southeastern Asian immigrants. The following proxies were expanded on in this paper: English spoken at home, length of stay in the US, religiosity and spirituality, and admixed family structures. Previous studies showed that as the length of stay in the US increases, the burden of cardiovascular risk factors increases. However, the impact of English spoken at home, religiosity, and admixed family structure are still inconclusive given the extent of current studies. While most studies suggest that an increase in acculturation increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, it is critical to note that acculturation is a multifaceted process. Therefore, more studies are necessary to appropriately examine the implications of various acculturation processes on cardiovascular risk factors in Asians, specifically Southeastern Asian individuals in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Vo
- Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Glydel Lopez
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Shravani Malay
- Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Youssef M Roman
- Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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Anti-obesity properties of probiotics; a considerable medical nutrition intervention: Findings from an umbrella meta-analysis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 928:175069. [PMID: 35659967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although several studies have indicated that consumption of probiotics is effective in the treatment of obesity, the results in this regard have yielded controversial findings. The current umbrella meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of probiotics supplementation on obesity indices in adults. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies published till November 2021. Meta-analysis was conducted using the random-effects model. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed. In total, 29 meta-analyses with 14,366 participants, including 112, 78, and 38 unique trials for body mass index (BMI), body weight (BW), and waist circumference (WC), were included in the study, respectively. The findings demonstrated that the probiotics supplementation was significantly effective on decreasing of BMI (ES = -0.21; 95% CI: -0.30, -0.13, p < 0.001; I2 = 83.0%, p < 0.001), BW (ES = -0.38, 95% CI: -0.60, -0.16; p < 0.001; I2 = 81.8%, p < 0.001), and WC (ES = -0.60; 95% CI: -0.89, -0.31; p < 0.001; I2 = 89.1%, p < 0.001). Greater effects on BW were observed when intervention duration was >8 weeks and on obese individuals. BMI was also greatly modified in participants with metabolic syndrome and when intervention duration lasted for ≥12 weeks. The methodological quality (AMSTAR2) was moderate in 83%, low in 10%, and critically low in 7% of included studies. The current umbrella meta-analysis indicated that supplementation of probiotics in adults led to a meaningful reduction in BW, BMI, and WC. Therefore, our findings strongly recommend supplementation with probiotics as a potent intervention in the management of obesity.
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Chen CN, Hsu KJ, Chien KY, Chen JJ. Effects of Combined High-Protein Diet and Exercise Intervention on Cardiometabolic Health in Middle-Aged Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:705282. [PMID: 34485407 PMCID: PMC8415300 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.705282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is the main risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic diseases. The middle-aged population is the age group with the highest prevalence of obesity. Thus, improving cardiometabolic health is important to prevent CVD and metabolic diseases in middle-aged obese adults. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of exercise alone or in combination with a high-protein diet on markers of cardiometabolic health in middle-aged adults with obesity. Methods: Sixty-nine middle-aged adults with obesity were assigned randomly to the control group (C; n = 23), exercise group (E; n = 23), or exercise combined with high-protein diet group (EP; n = 23). Individuals in the E and EP groups received supervised exercise training and individuals in the EP group received high-protein diet intervention. Body composition (assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers were determined before and after 12 weeks of intervention. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI0,120) was calculated from values of fasting and 2-h insulin and glucose concentration of OGTT. Insulin-peak-time during the OGTT was recorded to reflect β-cell function. Analysis of covariance with baseline values as covariates was used to examine the effects of the intervention. The significant level was set at 0.05. Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, the E group had a greater percentage of individuals with early insulin-peak-time during the OGTT than that in the C and EP groups (p = 0.031). EP group had lower total cholesterol and triglycerides than that in the C group (p = 0.046 and 0.014, respectively). Within-group comparisons showed that the 2-h glucose of OGTT and C-reactive protein decreased in the EP group (p = 0.013 and 0.008, respectively) but not in the E and C groups; insulin sensitivity improved in the EP group (p = 0.016) and had a trend to improve in the E group (p = 0.052); and abdominal fat mass and total body fat mass decreased in both intervention groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Combined high-protein diet and exercise intervention significantly decreased fat mass and improved lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and inflammation in middle-aged adults with obesity. Clinical Trial Registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry, TCTR20180913003, 13-09-2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Nan Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Jen Hsu
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Yu Chien
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jeu-Jung Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Achmat G, Leach L, Onagbiye SO. Prevalence of the risk factors for cardiometabolic disease among firefighters in the Western Cape province of South Africa. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:1577-1583. [PMID: 31610641 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk factors have reached epidemic proportions, with many people at risk of premature disability and death. There is insufficient data regarding the prevalence of CMD risk factors among firefighters in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of CMD risk factors among South African firefighters in the Western Cape Province. Additional outcomes were to determine the relationship between BMI and CMD risk factors among firefighters. METHODS A total of 219 healthy male firefighters with mean age 37.8±9.80 years volunteered to participate in the study. Anthropometric (ISAK protocol compliant) and physiological variables (ACSM protocol compliant) were assessed. Descriptive statistics, such as mean, standard deviation and percentages were used to examine the CMD risk factors prevalence among the participants. RESULTS Based on the BMI categorization, majority (42.5%) of the participants were obese, 17.4% were overweight, 39.7% had a normal BMI, while 0.5% were underweight. The participants with systolic prehypertension were 45.7%, while 14.2% were hypertensive. Furthermore, 39.3% were prediabetic, 18.3% were diabetic, while 1.4% had blood sugar below normal level (hypoglycemic). In terms of total blood cholesterol levels, 45.7% were normal, 38.8% were borderline high, while 15.5% were high in hypercholesterolemia. The majority (51.1%) of the participants reported non-participation in regular physical activity. Between BMI and the typical risk factors, there is a significant correlation with abdominal obesity (r=0.71; P<0.001), systolic blood pressure (r=0.33; P<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (r=0.31; P<0.001), fasting blood glucose (r=0.22; P<0.01) and total cholesterol (r=0.15; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of cardiometabolic disease risk factors among firefighters. Furthermore, urgent intervention focusing on the lifestyle modification and weight management is a necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaleelullah Achmat
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lloyd Leach
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sunday O Onagbiye
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa - .,School of Public Health, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Tang TS, Halani K, Sohal P, Bains P, Khan N. Do Cultural and Psychosocial Factors Contribute to Type 2 Diabetes Risk? A Look Into Vancouver's South Asian Community. Can J Diabetes 2019; 44:14-21. [PMID: 31444060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES South Asian immigrants are generally healthy upon arrival, but precipitously develop diabetes after immigration. Whether cultural and psychosocial factors contribute to diabetes risk in this ethnic minority group remains unclear. Existing prediction models focus primarily on clinical and lifestyle factors. This study explored whether nontraditional risk factors are incrementally predictive beyond traditional risk factors in this South Asian community. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 425 South Asian adults attending Sikh and Hindu temples in Metro Vancouver between July 2013 and June 2014. We measured traditional risk factors, including glycated hemoglobin (A1C), apolipoprotein B, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), waist circumference, weight, body mass index (BMI), dietary patterns and physical activity level. Self-report questionnaires assessed cultural and psychosocial factors, including acculturation, dinnertime (timing of the evening meal), religion and depressive symptoms. We constructed a penalized multivariable linear model with A1C level using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) approach to overcome issues of overfitting and reduce prediction error of previous diabetes prediction models. RESULTS The LASSO model selected 24 risk factors for the optimal model to predict glycemic control. Results revealed that higher degree of acculturation (p=0.007), later dinnertime (p=0.01) and greater depressive symptoms (p=0.038) are important factors in diabetes risk in addition to traditional risk factors (fruit/vegetable/fibre intake, BMI and systolic BP). CONCLUSIONS Nontraditional factors, such as cultural practices and emotional functioning, are also important predictors of diabetes risk and should be considered when culturally tailoring diabetes prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia S Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | | | - Parmjit Sohal
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul Bains
- Canada India Network Society, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nadia Khan
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Hursh BE, Fazeli MS, Wang S, Marchant EA, Woo P, Elango R, Lavoie PM, Chanoine JP, Collet JP. Cardiac Autonomic Function at Baseline and under Stress and Its Relationship to Circulatory Markers of Inflammation in Obese Compared to Nonobese Children: A Pilot Study. Horm Res Paediatr 2017; 85:339-46. [PMID: 27105080 DOI: 10.1159/000445685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The autonomic nervous system (ANS) provides neurogenic control of inflammatory reactions. ANS changes in obesity may result in inflammation. This study sought to gain insight into cardiac autonomic dysfunction and inflammation in childhood obesity, and to gather pilot data on the potential relationship between altered ANS and inflammation. METHODS Fifteen obese children and adolescents without metabolic complications and 15 nonobese controls underwent heart rate variability and impedance cardiography testing during rest, mental stress, and physical stress. Inflammatory cytokines and immune reactivity were measured. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between groups in cardiac ANS testing at rest or in response to stress. Median high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was higher in the obese group [obese 2.6 mg/l (IQR 1.6-11.9); nonobese 0.3 mg/l (IQR 0.2-0.7); p < 0.001]. Interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α were similar between groups. Immune reactivity testing (in vitro Toll-like receptor stimulation) revealed a strong, but comparable, inflammatory response in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Obese children and adolescents without metabolic complications did not have cardiac ANS dysfunction. While hsCRP was elevated, systemic cytokines were not raised. Compared to prior studies, which often focused on children with obesity and its complications, it is encouraging that obese children without metabolic complications may not yet have autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenden E Hursh
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, BC Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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Zhang Q, Wu Y, Fei X. Effect of probiotics on body weight and body-mass index: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:571-80. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1181156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ayoub C, Bernick J, Arasaratnam P, Chow JDH, Hossain A, Ruddy T, Hillis GS, Kritharides L, Chow BJW. Coronary Artery Disease in French Canadians-Investigation of a Suggested Vulnerable Population. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:1240-1245. [PMID: 26927862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a perception among Canadian physicians that coronary artery disease (CAD) and adverse cardiac events are more common in those of French Canadian heritage. We sought to compare the prevalence of CAD using coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) in French Canadians and non-French white Canadians. METHODS Consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled in our institutional CCTA registry. Of 10,868 CCTA examinations, we analyzed white patients who identified themselves as French Canadian or non-French Canadian. These 2 groups were compared for baseline characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, and routine markers for CAD on CTCA. Propensity score adjustments were also made to account for differences in demographics. RESULTS We identified 1683 French Canadians (mean age, 58.5 ± 10.7 years; 54.2% men) and 5077 non-French white Canadians (mean age, 59.4 ± 11.4 years; 57.3% men). French Canadians were more likely to have a smoking history (64.1% vs 56.1%), diabetes (15.6% vs 13.6%), and a family history of premature CAD (53.3% vs 44.6%) (P < 0.05 for all). There was no significant difference in measures of CAD between French Canadians and non-French white Canadians in obstructive CAD (32.5% vs 32.2%; P = 0.997), total plaque score (4.6 ± 4.3 vs 4.5 ± 4.4; P = 0.616) and Agatston score (168.1 ± 319.8 vs 183.6 ± 433.7; P = 0.371). After propensity score adjustment, there was still no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that French Canadians in the Champlain region have a greater prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors compared with non-French Canadians; however, they do not appear to have a greater prevalence or severity of coronary atherosclerosis as assessed by CCTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadi Ayoub
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jordan Bernick
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Punitha Arasaratnam
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D H Chow
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alomgir Hossain
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terrence Ruddy
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham S Hillis
- University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Leonard Kritharides
- University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin J W Chow
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Kim HJ, Kim WH, Lim HW, Kim JA, Kim DK, Shin BS, Sim WS, Hahm TS, Kim CS, Lee SM. Obesity is independently associated with spinal anesthesia outcomes: a prospective observational study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124264. [PMID: 25898360 PMCID: PMC4405588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of body-mass index (BMI) on spinal anesthesia is still controversial, with discrepant results reported in previous studies. To compare spinal anesthesia in obese and non-obese subjects, the anesthesia profiles in patients who underwent spinal anesthesia using intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine were compared. A total of 209 patients undergoing elective total knee replacement arthroplasty (TKRA) surgery under spinal anesthesia were divided into an NO (non-obese) group (BMI < 30 kg/m2, n = 141) and an O (obese) group (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n = 68). Anesthesia was deemed successful if a bilateral T12 sensory block occurred within 15 minutes of intrathecal drug administration, and if the level of sensory block was higher than T12 when the surgery ended. Logistic regression analysis with multiple variables known to influence spinal anesthesia was performed to identify which parameters independently determined the spinal anesthesia outcome. Similar doses of bupivacaine were administered to the NO and O groups. The incidence of anesthesia failure was significantly lower in the O group [n = 43 (30.5%) in the NO group vs. n = 10 (18.9%) in the O group, p = 0.014]. The independent predictors for successful anesthesia in all patients were dose of hyperbaric bupivacaine [odds ratio (OR) 2.12, 95% CI: 1.64–2.73] and obese status (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, OR 2.86, 95% CI: 1.25–6.52). Time to first report of postoperative pain and time to first self-void were significantly longer in the O group. These results suggest that the duration of block with hyperbaric bupivacaine is prolonged in obese patients and obesity is independently associated with spinal anesthesia outcomes, as is bupivacaine dosage. A further study enrolling patients with morbid obesity and using a fixed bupivacaine dosage is required to confirm the effect of obesity on spinal anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Hyung Woo Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Ae Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Kyung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Seop Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seog Sim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Soo Hahm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Su Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin M. Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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