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Zheng L, Xu Q, Gong G, Liao Y, Yu M, Shabala S, Chen W, Wu W. Nicotiana tabacum as a dead-end trap for adult Diaphorina citri: A potential biological tactic for protecting citrus orchards. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1081663. [PMID: 36684792 PMCID: PMC9853912 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1081663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is a key vector of the causal agents of Huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating disease affecting citrus almost worldwide. Nicotiana tabacum L. is an important commercial crop in China. Field observations suggested that D. citri adults die on N. tabacum leaves when grown nearby citrus orchards. In this study, the preference for and survivorship of D. citri adults on N. tabacum and their feeding behavior were investigated. The results showed that D. citri adults were attracted to N. tabacum and to the green leaf volatiles (GLVs) (Z)-3-hexenol and (E)-2-hexenol. The survival of D. citri adults on N. tabacum was less than 30 h, which was shorter than that for adults without food (35 h) and on a suitable host Murraya exotica L. (29 days). Electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings revealed that the pathway phase of D. citri on N. tabacum leaves consisted of four waveforms-the non-probing phase (NP), the pathway phase (PP, including intercellular probing of activity in the phloem (C) and phloem penetration (D)), phloem salivation (E1), and phloem ingestion (E2). Diaphorina citri only secreted saliva and ingested sap from phloem on N. tabacum leaves and spent the longest duration in phloem sap ingestion (E2). Moreover, L-nicotine, an important defense compound against insects in N. tabacum plants, was highly toxic to D. citri. These results suggested that N. tabacum plants could help to sustainably control the spread of D. citri and HLB when growing in and around citrus orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zheng
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gu Gong
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglin Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Wensheng Chen
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Weijian Wu
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Pentylamine inhibits humidity detection in insect vectors of human and plant borne pathogens. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16732. [PMID: 36202886 PMCID: PMC9537525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects house humidity-sensing neurons in the antenna, which is presumed to be important for a variety of behaviors and survival since water is a crucial component of the environment. Here we use the simple olfactory system of the Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP), a citrus pest that transmits a deadly bacterium, to identify volatile amines that significantly inhibited humidity-induced activation of antennal neurons. The inhibition of action potentials is observed by single sensillum recordings and mixing these odorants with humid air abolished the humidity avoidance behavior of ACP. The inhibition is conserved in the humidity-sensing coeloconic neurons of dipteran Drosophila melanogaster that are known to detect humidity, but it is not seen in other coeloconic neurons that are not sensitive to humidity. Dipteran mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae oviposit in water, and the addition of the humidity-inhibiting odorants in a two-choice oviposition assay significantly reduces oviposition. Our results demonstrate that a naturally occurring volatile compound can effectively “mask” detection of an important environmental cue and modify behavior of important vectors of plant and human disease pathogens. Odorants targeting the conserved humidity sensing system of insects, therefore, offer a novel strategy for modifying their behavior.
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Hu P, Hao E, Yang Z, Qiu Z, Fu H, Lu J, He Z, Huang Y. EsigGOBP1: The Key Protein Binding Alpha-Phellandrene in Endoclita signifer Larvae. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169269. [PMID: 36012538 PMCID: PMC9409361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoclita signifer larvae show olfactory recognition towards volatiles of eucalyptus trunks and humus soils. Further, EsigGOBP1 was identified through larval head transcriptome and speculated as the main odorant-binding proteins in E. signifer larvae. In this study, the highest expression of EsigGOBP1 was only expressed in the heads of 3rd instar larvae of E. signifer, compared with the thorax and abdomen; this was consistent with the phenomenon of habitat transfer of 3rd instar larvae, indicating that EsigGOBP1 was a key OBP gene in E. signifer larvae. Results of fluorescence competition binding assays (FCBA) showed that EsigGOBP1 had high binding affinities to eight GC-EAD active ligands. Furthermore, screening of key active odorants for EsigGOBP1 and molecular docking analysis, indicated that EsigGOBP1 showed high binding activity to alpha-phellandrene in 3rd instar larvae of E. signifer. Conformational analysis of the EsigGOBP1-alpha-phellandrene complex, showed that MET49 and GLU38 were the key sites involved in binding. These results demonstrated that EsigGOBP1 is a key odorant-binding protein in E. signifer larvae, which recognizes and transports eight key volatiles from eucalyptus trunk, especially the main eucalyptus trunks volatile, alpha-phellandrene. Taken together, our results showed that EsigGOBP1 is involved in host selection of E. signifer larvae, which would aid in developing EsigGOBP1 as molecular targets for controlling pests at the larval stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning 540003, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Enhua Hao
- Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhende Yang
- Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning 540003, China
| | - Zhisong Qiu
- Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning 540003, China
| | - Hengfei Fu
- Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning 540003, China
| | - Jintao Lu
- Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning 540003, China
| | - Ziting He
- Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning 540003, China
| | - Yingqi Huang
- Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning 540003, China
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Snyder J, Dickens KL, Halbert SE, Dowling S, Russell D, Henderson R, Rohrig E, Ramadugu C. The Development and Evaluation of Insect Traps for the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), Vector of Citrus Huanglongbing. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030295. [PMID: 35323593 PMCID: PMC8954215 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Citrus cultivation is affected in many parts of the world because of a devastating disease, huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening. In Florida, nearly all commercial citrus is compromised due to HLB, and the disease has spread to other citrus-growing regions of the United States, California and Texas. In California, testing Asian citrus psyllids (ACPs) for the HLB pathogen has been an essential part of integrated pest management. ACP and HLB surveys are essential for disease management in areas where HLB is not widespread. We developed improved ACP traps that can be deployed in the field along with the standard yellow sticky traps. The reusable traps were designed with Rhinoceros computer software and a 3D printer. These traps can be deployed for several months and provide a dynamic sampling mechanism for an improved disease survey strategy. In the present study, ACPs from the 3D-printed traps are collected in a preservative and appear suitable for HLB testing. The evaluation of traps in Florida and California under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions indicates that the 3D-printed traps can capture ACPs with about the same efficiency as the sticky traps. They are easy to handle and provide an important field tool for HLB management. Abstract Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is a severe problem for citrus cultivation. The disease management programs benefit from improved field tools suitable for surveying the ACP vector (Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)) and the associated pathogen. In the present study, we utilize three-dimensional (3D) printers and design tools to develop traps that can capture and preserve ACPs. Three novel, 3D-printed traps were designed and evaluated: stem trap, and cylinder traps 1 and 2. The traps and yellow sticky cards were deployed weekly for 8 months in 2 non-commercial citrus groves in Florida; in California, the traps were evaluated for 12 months in field cages and 4 citrus groves. The stem traps captured lower numbers of ACPs at all experimental sites compared to the cylinder traps. Capture rates in the cylinder traps were comparable to the sticky trap, making the device a viable tool for monitoring field ACPs. The two main advantages of using the reusable 3D traps over standard methods of ACP and HLB surveys include dynamic sampling that can be conducted year-round and the capture of ACPs that can be preserved and tested. Improved trapping may facilitate quick management decisions and mitigate HLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Snyder
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (J.S.); (K.L.D.); (S.E.H.); (S.D.); (D.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Katrina L. Dickens
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (J.S.); (K.L.D.); (S.E.H.); (S.D.); (D.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Susan E. Halbert
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (J.S.); (K.L.D.); (S.E.H.); (S.D.); (D.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Stefanie Dowling
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (J.S.); (K.L.D.); (S.E.H.); (S.D.); (D.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Dyrana Russell
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (J.S.); (K.L.D.); (S.E.H.); (S.D.); (D.R.); (E.R.)
| | | | - Eric Rohrig
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (J.S.); (K.L.D.); (S.E.H.); (S.D.); (D.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Chandrika Ramadugu
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Correspondence:
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Pazolini K, Arruda JH, Chinelato GA, Filho AB, Belasque J. Temporal Progress of Huanglongbing Epidemics and the Effect of Noncommercial Inoculum Sources on Citrus Orchards in São Paulo State, Brazil. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2472-2483. [PMID: 33507102 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-19-1945-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) incidence is increasing and threatening citrus production in São Paulo State, Brazil, despite multiple efforts to control the disease and its vector, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) (Diaphorina citri). The objective of this research was to study the temporal dynamics of HLB epidemics, under intensive disease management, in 177 individual commercial citrus blocks on a single property in São Paulo State. The effect of internal and external sources of HLB-associated bacteria and its vector were explored based on the disease epidemics and vector dynamics in the studied area. To manage HLB, the property owner used healthy nursery plants, eradicated symptomatic trees, and used insecticides to control ACPs. Logistic and Gompertz models were fitted to the data to describe dynamics of HLB incidence for all blocks. The average number of ACPs per yellow sticky trap was determined for the same blocks for a period of four consecutive years. Both logistic and Gompertz models described the HLB epidemics well, although the Gompertz model provided a slightly better fit. Disease progress rates, HLB incidences, and average ACP count per trap in the 177 blocks were low compared with reports in the literature. HLB incidence and number of ACPs per trap were higher (P ≤ 0.05) in some citrus blocks located on the periphery of the property. A large number of noncommercial trees were found near the property and were a potential primary inoculum source of HLB-associated bacteria, accounting for the higher incidence of HLB and ACPs per trap in blocks located on the periphery of the property. These results support the recommended preventive measures to HLB management and the necessity of external actions, to include trees in commercial orchards, and noncommercial trees located near commercial citrus properties, in an attempt to maximize the effectiveness of these preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Pazolini
- Plant Pathology Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josicléa H Arruda
- Plant Pathology Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gressa A Chinelato
- Plant Pathology Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Armando Bergamin Filho
- Plant Pathology Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Belasque
- Plant Pathology Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Killiny N, Nehela Y, George J, Rashidi M, Stelinski LL, Lapointe SL. Phytoene desaturase-silenced citrus as a trap crop with multiple cues to attract Diaphorina citri, the vector of Huanglongbing. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 308:110930. [PMID: 34034878 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases in citrus worldwide. Unfortunately, HLB has no cure and management relies on insecticides to reduce populations of the vector, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). We propose an attract-and-kill strategy using a trap crop as an alternative to vector control to reduce transmission of the pathogen, 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'. We evaluated vector response to phytoene desaturase-silenced citrus trees using virus-induced gene silencing technology. Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was used to produce a phytoene desaturase-silenced citrus (CTV-tPDS) that expresses visual, olfactory, and gustatory cues to attract D. citri. We found that D. citri were more attracted to CTV-tPDS plants with noticeably better fecundity and overall population fitness than on control plants. Moreover, rearing D. citri on CTV-tPDS plants significantly increased their survival probability compared with those reared on control plants. CTV-tPDS plants possessed reduced content of both carotenoid and chlorophyll pigments resulting in a consistent photobleached phenotype on citrus leaves which provided a sufficient close-range visual attractant to stimulate D. citri landing. Additionally, CTV-tPDS plants exhibited an enriched profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which offered adequate olfactory cues to attract psyllid from long-range. Finally, CTV-tPDS plants exhibited an enriched metabolite content of phloem sap and leaves which offered appropriate gustatory cues that influenced probing/feeding behavior. We believe that introducing CTV-tPDS plants (as a trap crop) to D. citri-infested orchards will attract and congregate psyllids to facilitate their removal from the target crop with insecticides or by other means. This new strategy could be deployed relatively quickly and economically to HLB-impacted citrus industries. Moreover, it is an eco-friendly strategy because it should partially reduce the input of chemical insecticides ameliorating the indirect cost of HLB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA.
| | - Yasser Nehela
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA; Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, 31512 Tanta, Egypt
| | - Justin George
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA
| | - Mahnaz Rashidi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Lukasz L Stelinski
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Stephen L Lapointe
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
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Liu XQ, Jiang HB, Fan JY, Liu TY, Meng LW, Liu Y, Yu HZ, Dou W, Wang JJ. An odorant-binding protein of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, participates in the response of host plant volatiles. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3068-3079. [PMID: 33686750 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) in insects contribute to the sensitivity of the olfactory system and connect external odorants to olfactory receptor neurons. Determination of the chemosensory functions in Diaphorina citri, a vector of the citrus Huanglongbing pathogen, may help in developing a potential target for pest management. RESULTS Diaphorina citri showed dose-dependent electroantennogram recording (EAG) responses to 12 host plant volatiles. A two-choice behavioral trap experiment showed that four compounds (methyl salicylate, linalool, citral and R-(+)-limonene) that elicited high EAG responses also had significant attraction to adults. The expression profiles induced by these compounds were detected in nine OBP genes, DcitOBP1-9. DcitOBP3, DcitOBP6 and DcitOBP7 commonly showed significant upregulation or downregulation compared with the control. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) showed that the recombinant protein DcitOBP7 had high in vitro binding affinities (Kd < 10 μm) to methyl salicylate, linalool and R-(+)-limonene, and moderate binding affinity to citral with a Kd value of 15.95 μm. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi)-suppressed messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of DcitOBP7 resulted in a significant reduction in EAG activity and in adult D. citri behavioral responses to tested volatiles and the preferred host, Murraya paniculata. The hydrophilic residue Arg107 of DcitOBP7 may have a key role in binding odorants via formation of hydrogen bonds. CONCLUSION These results show that DcitOBP7 plays an important role in the olfactory response. This finding may provide new insight into the functions of OBP families in D. citri and aid in the development of safe strategies for managing D. citri populations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Bo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-Yao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Wei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Zhong Yu
- Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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A Multimodal Attract-and-Kill Device for the Asian Citrus Psyllid Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11120870. [PMID: 33302349 PMCID: PMC7762613 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Control of Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), a vector of Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), contributes to management of citrus greening disease (huanglongbing). We developed two prototypes of a multimodal attract-and-kill (AK) device with specific elements of color, attractant, phagostimulant, ultraviolet (UV) reflectant, and toxicant. Key sensory stimuli comprising the AK ingredients were identified in our current and previous research studies and incorporated into a yellow, slow-release wax matrix (SPLAT). This formulation was applied directly to the surface of yellow cylinders, or to corrugated plastic cards housed within perforated cylinders. Psyllids landing on the devices attempted to feed from the wax matrix, became intoxicated, died, and fell from device surfaces. Our laboratory and field experiments showed that AK devices attracted and killed significantly more adult D. citri than ordinary yellow sticky cards and remained fully active over a period of 12 weeks. Effective use of attract-and-kill for management of D. citri could reduce need for broad-spectrum insecticide sprays and encourage biological control as part of an integrated approach to huanglongbing (HLB) management in citrus. Abstract Phytophagous insects, including Asian citrus psyllids (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama), use multiple sensory modalities (vision, olfaction, and gustation,) to locate and accept host plants. We explored incorporation of several sensory cues into a multi-modal attract-and-kill device (AK device) using a three-dimensional shape to increase visibility, as well as elements of color, attractant, phagostimulant, UV reflectant, and toxicant. Attraction of adult D. citri to the device was mediated by a combination of a highly reflective yellow cylinder, a UV reflectant compound (magnesium oxide), and an odorant blend as a short-range attractant. The device surface was coated with a slow-release wax matrix (SPLAT™) augmented with a phagostimulant consisting of a 3-component blend (formic acid, acetic acid, and para-cymene) and an insecticide (β-cyfluthrin). Psyllids landing on the device attempted to feed from the wax matrix, became intoxicated, died, and fell from the device. The device remained fully active over a period of 12 weeks partly because dead psyllids or nontargets did not adhere to the surface as occurs on adhesive yellow sticky cards, the industry standard. Laboratory and field assays showed that the device attracted and killed significantly more adult D. citri than ordinary yellow sticky cards. This device or a future iteration based on the design elements of this device is expected to contribute to sustainable and environmentally appropriate management of D. citri by exploiting the psyllid’s innate behavioral responses to visual, olfactory, and gustatory stimuli.
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Killiny N, Jones SE, Hijaz F, Kishk A, Santos-Ortega Y, Nehela Y, Omar AA, Yu Q, Gmitter FG, Grosser JW, Dutt M. Metabolic Profiling of Hybrids Generated from Pummelo and Citrus latipes in Relation to Their Attraction to Diaphorina citri, the Vector of Huanglongbing. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10120477. [PMID: 33255226 PMCID: PMC7760127 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The citrus industry at present is severely affected by huanglongbing disease (HLB). HLB is caused by the supposed bacterial pathogen “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” and is transmitted by the insect vector, the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. Developing new citrus hybrids to improve HLB management is much needed. In this study, we investigated the metabolomic profiles of three new hybrids produced from the cross of C2-5-12 Pummelo (Citrus maxima (L.) Osbeck) × pollen from Citrus latipes. The hybrids were selected based on leaf morphology and seedling vigor. The selected hybrids exhibited compact and upright tree architecture as seen in C. latipes. Hybrids were verified by simple sequence repeat markers, and were subjected to metabolomic analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polar metabolites profiling also showed that the new hybrids were different from their parents. Interestingly, the levels of stored VOCs in hybrid II were higher than those observed in its parents and other hybrids. The level of most VOCs released by hybrid II was also higher than that released from its parents. Additionally, the preference assay showed that hybrid II was more attractive to D. citri than its parents and other hybrids. The leaf morphology, compact and upright architecture of hybrid II, and its attraction to D. citri suggest that it could be used as a windbreak and trap tree for D. citri (double duty), once its tolerance to HLB disease is confirmed. Our results showed that metabolomic analysis could be successfully used to understand the biochemical mechanisms controlling the interaction of D. citri with its host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (S.E.J.); (F.H.); (A.K.); (Y.S.-O.); (Y.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +863-956-8833; Fax: +863-956-4631
| | - Shelley E. Jones
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (S.E.J.); (F.H.); (A.K.); (Y.S.-O.); (Y.N.)
| | - Faraj Hijaz
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (S.E.J.); (F.H.); (A.K.); (Y.S.-O.); (Y.N.)
| | - Abdelaziz Kishk
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (S.E.J.); (F.H.); (A.K.); (Y.S.-O.); (Y.N.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Yulica Santos-Ortega
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (S.E.J.); (F.H.); (A.K.); (Y.S.-O.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yasser Nehela
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (S.E.J.); (F.H.); (A.K.); (Y.S.-O.); (Y.N.)
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Ahmad A. Omar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (A.A.O.); (Q.Y.); (F.G.G.J.); (J.W.G.); (M.D.)
- Biochemistry Department, College of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Qibin Yu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (A.A.O.); (Q.Y.); (F.G.G.J.); (J.W.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Fred G. Gmitter
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (A.A.O.); (Q.Y.); (F.G.G.J.); (J.W.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Jude W. Grosser
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (A.A.O.); (Q.Y.); (F.G.G.J.); (J.W.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Manjul Dutt
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (A.A.O.); (Q.Y.); (F.G.G.J.); (J.W.G.); (M.D.)
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10
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Martini X, Hoyte A, Mafra-Neto A, Aksenov AA, Davis CE, Stelinski LL. Progress Toward an Attract-and-Kill Device for Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Using Volatile Signatures of Citrus Infected With Huanglongbing as the Attractant. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5978894. [PMID: 33180945 PMCID: PMC7751137 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama), preferentially orient toward citrus hosts infected with the phytopathogenic bacterium, Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) the agent of citrus greening (Huanglongbing, HLB), compared to uninfected counterparts. We investigated whether this preference for the odors of infected plants could be useful for the development of an attract-and-kill (AK) device for D. citri. Twenty-nine blends of volatile organic compounds derived from the odor of citrus infected with CLas were tested in laboratory olfactometer tests, and two blends were also assessed under field conditions. A seven component blend of tricosane: geranial: methyl salicylate: geranyl acetone: linalool: phenylacetaldehyde: (E)-β-ocimene in a 0.40: 0.06: 0.08: 0.29: 0.08: 0.06: 0.03 ratio released from a proprietary slow-release matrix attracted twice more D. citri to yellow sticky traps compared with blank control traps. The attractive blend was subsequently co-formulated with spinosad insecticide into a slow-release matrix to create a prototype AK formulation against D. citri. This formulation effectively reduced the population density of D. citri up to 84% as measured with tap counts when deployed at a density of eight 2.5 g dollops per tree as compared with untreated controls in small plot field trials conducted in citrus orchards. Psyllid populations were not statistically affected at a deployment rate of four dollops per tree. Our results indicate that an AK formulation incorporating spinosad and a volatile blend signature of citrus greening into a slow-release matrix may be useful to suppress D. citri populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Martini
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, North Florida Research and Education Center, Quincy, FL
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Angelique Hoyte
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, FL
| | | | - Alexander A Aksenov
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA
- Present address: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Cristina E Davis
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Lukasz L Stelinski
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, FL
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11
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Khadka A, Allan SA, Cho D, Weeks ENI. Can the Addition of Odor and Visual Targets Enhance Attraction of the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) to Sticky Traps? JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2563-2567. [PMID: 32804240 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, negatively impacts the citrus industry as it transmits Candidatus Liberibacter spp., the causal agent of citrus greening. Monitoring D. citri population levels is critical for management of vectors and citrus greening and is usually through use of yellow sticky traps. In our study, use of odors, odor blends, and visual targets were evaluated to determine whether attraction to yellow sticky traps could be improved. Methyl salicylate consistently increased D. citri attraction to decoy yellow but not to other yellow or yellow/green traps. Addition of a visual target did not enhance attraction to sticky traps. While several chemical blends were evaluated, they did not increase psyllid attraction to decoy yellow traps. The increased attraction to traps with methyl salicylate is promising and may contribute to trapping efficiency under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Khadka
- Department of Agriculture, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Sandra A Allan
- Department of Agriculture, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL
| | - Daniel Cho
- Department of Agriculture, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL
| | - Emma N I Weeks
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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12
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Zhang H, Chen JL, Lin JH, Lin JT, Wu ZZ. Odorant-binding proteins and chemosensory proteins potentially involved in host plant recognition in the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2609-2618. [PMID: 32083388 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are two families of small water-soluble proteins involved in odor detection and subsequent signal transmission. Determination of their binding mechanisms and specificity towards different odorants is important for developing OBPs/CSPs as targets in pest control management. RESULTS We re-annotated genes encoding putative OBPs and CSPs in the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) draft genome using various bioinformatic tools. Genes encoding nine OBPs (seven Classic and two Plus-C) and 12 CSPs were identified, consistent with our previous transcriptomic results. Tissue-specific and developmental expression analyses suggested that genes encoding six OBPs and four CSPs were predominantly expressed in antennae, and displayed various expression patterns in different development stages, suggesting potential involvement in olfactory perception. Competitive fluorescence binding assays with 13 candidate ligands, including known host plant volatiles, sex pheromone components and repellents, showed that DcitOBP3 could bind to various odorants, whereas DcitOBP6, 8 and 9 bound specifically to host plant terpenoids. DcitCSP1 and 12 could also bind to certain terpenoids with high binding specificity. CONCLUSION OBP- and CSP-encoding genes were systematically identified by annotating the draft D. citri genome and those potentially involved in odorant detection and signal transmission were identified by analyzing their tissue-expression profiles and odorant-binding affinities, particularly to the peripheral molecular perception of host plant terpenoids. The identified genes may provide potential targets for efficient pest control. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Long Chen
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hao Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Tian Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Wu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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13
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Yu HZ, Li NY, Zeng XD, Song JC, Yu XD, Su HN, Chen CX, Yi L, Lu ZJ. Transcriptome Analyses of Diaphorina citri Midgut Responses to Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus Infection. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11030171. [PMID: 32156093 PMCID: PMC7143376 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is an important transmission vector of the citrus greening disease Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). The D. citri midgut exhibits an important tissue barrier against CLas infection. However, the molecular mechanism of the midgut response to CLas infection has not been comprehensively elucidated. In this study, we identified 778 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the midgut upon CLas infection, by comparative transcriptome analyses, including 499 upregulated DEGs and 279 downregulated DEGs. Functional annotation analysis showed that these DEGs were associated with ubiquitination, the immune response, the ribosome, endocytosis, the cytoskeleton and insecticide resistance. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that most of the DEGs were primarily involved in endocytosis and the ribosome. A total of fourteen DEG functions were further validated by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). This study will contribute to our understanding of the molecular interaction between CLas and D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Zhong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ning-Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
| | - Xiang-Dong Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
| | - Jian-Chun Song
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
| | - Xiu-Dao Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hua-Nan Su
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | | | - Long Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhan-Jun Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence:
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14
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George J, Paris TM, Allan SA, Lapointe SL, Stelinski LL. UV reflective properties of magnesium oxide increase attraction and probing behavior of Asian citrus psyllids (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Sci Rep 2020; 10:1890. [PMID: 32024952 PMCID: PMC7002715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) vectors the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the causal pathogen of citrus greening disease that is devastating citrus industries worldwide. Suppressing psyllid populations is crucial to prevent disease spread. An attract-and-kill trap based on psyllid behavior would fill a niche for monitoring and control. To optimize visual attraction of psyllids, the ultraviolet (UV) reflective properties of magnesium oxide (MgO) and/or barium sulfate (BaSO4) were assessed for potential application to a trap surface. Under low UV, high UV and natural sunlight conditions, the reflectance, attraction, and probing behaviors of psyllids were evaluated on surfaces containing magnesium oxide or barium sulfate. Magnesium oxide added to yellow sticky traps enhanced visual response of D. citri. Probing assays demonstrated that magnesium oxide alone or as a mixture with a phagostimulant blend, increased the UV reflectance of substrates, as well as, attraction and probing by psyllids. Results demonstrated that psyllids respond to both short (UV) and long (yellow) wavelengths during orientation, and that these inert compounds can increase UV reflectance and improve attractiveness of an attract-and-kill device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin George
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
- University of Florida, Entomology and Nematology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Thomson M Paris
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Sandra A Allan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1700 SW 23rd drive, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Stephen L Lapointe
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Lukasz L Stelinski
- University of Florida, Entomology and Nematology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA.
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15
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Ecological Aspects of the Vector-Borne Bacterial Disease, Citrus Greening (Huanglongbing): Dispersal and Host Use by Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina Citri Kuwayama. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10070208. [PMID: 31315295 PMCID: PMC6681385 DOI: 10.3390/insects10070208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Determining the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on pest dispersal behavior is a critical component of integrated pest management. The behavioral and physiological traits of movement of the Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, has received significant attention. Field and laboratory experiments have explored the physiological capabilities of ACP dispersal, as well as, the abiotic and biotic drivers that initiate movement behavior. Abiotic factors such as temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, landscape, and orchard architecture, as well as, biotic factors including mating status, pathogen infection, and morphotype have been investigated in great detail. The current review focuses on dispersal of ACP with the goal of synthesizing current knowledge to suggest management tactics. Overall, vision serves as the primary modality for host finding in ACP. Current data suggest that ACP populations increase more within uniform landscapes of seedling trees, as compared to mature orchards with randomly interspersed young seedlings. The data also suggest that establishment and conservation of visual and physical barriers might be beneficial to protect orchards from ACP. Management of ACP must take into account large-area cooperation, orchard border surveillance and treatment, removal of non-crop habitat, and an understanding that immigration can occur from distances of several kilometers.
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16
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Sétamou M, Saldaña RR, Hearn JM, Dale J, Feria Arroyo TP, Czokajlo D. Screening Sticky Cards as a Simple Method for Improving Efficiency of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Monitoring and Reducing Nontarget Organisms. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:1167-1174. [PMID: 30869131 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Management of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) populations is one of the major strategies for reducing the spread and incidence of huanglongbing (HLB). HLB is putatively caused by Candidatus Liberibacter spp. (Rhizobiales: Phyllopbacteriaceae) that are transmitted to citrus by psyllid vectors. Diaphorina citri population monitoring is done to detect its presence and inform on management decisions. Various methods are used for detecting and estimating D. citri densities but trapping with yellow or lime-green sticky cards has proven to be the most effective method. These sticky cards rely on the color preference of adult D. citri, but many flying organisms are attracted to the same color spectrum as psyllids. Hence, in field situations, sticky traps are hampered by large numbers of bycatches of nontarget organisms and debris. Here, we described a method using a mesh laid on the surface of traps as a sift to catch mainly psyllids, while reducing bycatches. By filtering D. citri through this mesh, they can be counted more rapidly and accurately. Although mesh-covered traps captured 5-15% less D. citri relative to uncovered ACP traps, both types of traps statistically agreed on D. citri detection and population densities. The effectiveness of mesh-covered traps did not vary with season. In addition, mesh-covered traps eliminated >90% of nontarget organisms and allowed for quicker enumeration of D. citri. We expect this method will become an important component of redesigning integrated pest management programs in citrus groves by reducing unintended impacts of beneficial arthropods during large scale D. citri monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James M Hearn
- Citrus Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Weslaco, TX
| | - Jon Dale
- Texas Citrus Pest and Disease Management Corporation, Mission, TX
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17
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Wang H, Chen H, Wang Z, Liu J, Zhang X, Li C, Zeng X. Molecular Identification, Expression, and Functional Analysis of a General Odorant-Binding Protein 1 of Asian Citrus Psyllid. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:245-252. [PMID: 30566599 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For insects, odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) play an essential role in binding and transporting semiochemicals through the sensillum lymph to olfactory receptor neurons within the antennal sensilla. In the present study, the full-length cDNA encoding a general odorant-binding protein 1 (DcitOBP1, accession number KY475564) was cloned from the antennae of Diaphorina citri using RACE-PCR, and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the DcitOBP1 gene was expressed mainly in the antennae of D. citri. In molecular docking assay, the results showed that DcitOBP1 protein has better binding affinities to the 12 selected host-plant volatile compounds. Then, the recombinant DcitOBP1 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. After removed His-Tag, the binding properties of purified DcitOBP1 protein to the selected host-plant volatile compounds were investigated in a fluorescence ligand-binding assay, similar, but more obviously binding properties of DcitOBP1 protein result were obtained, the dissociation constant (KD) value of DcitOBP1/1-NPN complex was 6.440 ± 0.521, and the DcitOBP1 protein showed high binding affinities (IC50 < 100 μM) to six of the selected ligands, namely methyl salicylate, α-phellandrene, (1R)-(+)-α-pinene, 3-carene, β-caryophyllene, and α-caryophyllene. Additionally, the behavior bioassays were also showed that D. citri had significant behavioral responses toward to α-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene, (1R)-(+)-α-pinene, and α-phellandrene. Our investigation infer that the DcitOBP1 protein might play a crucial role in host-plant volatile odorants' perception in D. citri, and these results also have been supplied previous insight evidence into the physiological functions of the DcitOBP1 protein of D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatang Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiling Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengbing Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingyan Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaofeng Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinnian Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Patt JM, Meikle WG, Niedz RP, Woods D. Synthetic Ligands of Olfactory Binding Proteins Modulate Aggregation Response of Asian Citrus Psyllid in the Presence of Host-Plant Volatiles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1891. [PMID: 30619436 PMCID: PMC6306466 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is interest in using ligands of chemosensory binding proteins (CBP) to augment an insect's responsiveness to chemosensory cues. We showed previously that combining a synthetic ligand of a CBP with limonene, a common citrus volatile, enhanced the probing response of Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri). Here, we determined whether synthetic compounds, which were ligands of D. citri olfactory binding protein (OBP) DCSAP4, influenced the settling and aggregation levels of psyllids on young citrus shoots. The test ligands and Cmac scent were dispensed from a droplet of an emulsified wax product (SPLAT) placed on the bottom of each vial. The shoots were presented: (1) alone (shoot + blank SPLAT), (2) with a mixture of citrus volatiles ("Cmac scent") (shoot + SPLAT with Cmac scent), or (3) with different concentrations of test ligands (shoot + SPLAT with test ligand at concentration 1, shoot + SPLAT with test ligand at concentration 2, etc.). Depending on the availability of test ligands, sprigs, and psyllids, each test included from two to four replicates of each treatment (i.e., shoot only, shoot + Cmac scent, shoot + test ligand at concentration 1, shoot + test ligand at concentration 2, etc.); only a single test ligand was presented in each test. For each test, 200 D. citri were released in the test area and the numbers of psyllids on each sprig were counted 24 h later. Sprigs with ≥7 psyllids were considered to be an aggregation. A total of seven ligands were tested individually. Four of the ligands (654, 717, 784, and 861) modulated psyllid settling and aggregation response, causing greater settling and aggregation to sprigs presented with the Cmac scent than to those sprigs with blank SPLAT. Presentation of one of the ligands (019) resulted in an opposite effect in which psyllid settling and aggregation levels were lower on sprigs with Cmac scent than on those with blank SPLAT. There were no differences in settling levels in the different treatment vials in the Ligand 905 experiment. In the Ligand 937 experiment, settling levels did not vary significantly between treatment vials although settling levels were relatively high in all treatment vials and there was a significant treatment effect. Increased settling and aggregation levels were largely not observed with in the vials with only the test ligands, and there was little effect of ligand concentration on psyllid response levels. This suggests that the test ligands themselves did not attract the psyllids but rather modulated the psyllid's response to the Cmac scent. The results suggest that synthetic ligands of D. citri CBPs can be used to increase the effectiveness of citrus scent lures used to attract psyllids to monitoring traps and attract and kill devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Patt
- USDA-ARS U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | | | - Randall P. Niedz
- USDA-ARS U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
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19
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Ramírez-Godoy A, Vera-Hoyos MDP, Jiménez-Beltrán N, Restrepo-Diaz H. Evaluation of Yellow Sticky Traps Baited With Citrus Scents, Coconut Oil, and Commercial Lures as a Simple Tool to Monitor Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Under Tropical Dry Forest Conditions. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:2746-2754. [PMID: 30285240 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Efficient, economic, and simple monitoring methods are important to develop successful integrated management for Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) especially in developing countries. Two 5-wk tests were carried out to study the capture of ACP adults using yellow sticky traps by adding commercial citrus fruit scents (lemon, tangerine, or orange) or commercial coconut oil (first test) and to compare these baits with commercial lures (Alpha Scents and Pest Wizard) (second test) under natural infestation conditions. In the first test, the following treatments were carried out: yellow sticky traps baited with 1) coconut oil; 2) lemon, tangerine, or orange commercial scents; or 3) unbaited yellow sticky tramps (control). In the second test, treatments were as follows: traps baited with 1) coconut oil; 2) lemon, tangerine, or orange commercial scents; 3) two different commercial lures (Pest Wizard and Alpha Scents); and 4) unbaited traps. In the first experiment, the results obtained showed that traps with a coconut oil lure captured 4.4 ACP adults per trap per week, whereas control traps caught 1 ACP adult. In the second test, coconut oil (4.5 adults per trap per week) and Alpha Scents (4.2 individuals) lures also exhibited a higher capture in comparison to all citrus scents (3.1 individuals) and Pest Wizard (3.5 individuals), and control (2 individuals). In conclusion, these results suggest that the use of commercial attractants, mainly coconut oil, can be more attractive than unbaited traps and this may be helpful for integrating into integrated pest management programs intended for ACP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Ramírez-Godoy
- Departamento de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Del Pilar Vera-Hoyos
- Departamento de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Jiménez-Beltrán
- Departamento de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hermann Restrepo-Diaz
- Departamento de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Wang N, Stelinski LL, Pelz-Stelinski KS, Graham JH, Zhang Y. Tale of the Huanglongbing Disease Pyramid in the Context of the Citrus Microbiome. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 107:380-387. [PMID: 28095208 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-16-0426-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Huanglongbing (HLB) disease pyramid is composed of Liberibacters, psyllid vectors, citrus hosts, and the environment. The epidemiological outcomes for Liberibacter-associated plant diseases are collectively determined by the inherent relationships among plant-Liberibacters-psyllids, and how various environmental factors affect plant-Liberibacter-psyllid interactions. Citrus-Liberibacter-psyllid interactions occur in a complex microbiome system. In this review, we focus on the progress in understanding the HLB disease pyramid, and how the microbiome affects the HLB disease pyramid including the interaction between HLB and the citrus microbiome; the interaction between Liberibacters and psyllids; the interaction between Liberibacters and gut microbiota in psyllids; and the effect of HLB on selected above- and belowground citrus pathogens. Their implications for HLB management are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Wang
- First and fifth authors: Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, second and third authors: Department of Entomology and Nematology, and fourth author: Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL
| | - Lukasz L Stelinski
- First and fifth authors: Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, second and third authors: Department of Entomology and Nematology, and fourth author: Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL
| | - Kirsten S Pelz-Stelinski
- First and fifth authors: Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, second and third authors: Department of Entomology and Nematology, and fourth author: Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL
| | - James H Graham
- First and fifth authors: Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, second and third authors: Department of Entomology and Nematology, and fourth author: Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL
| | - Yunzeng Zhang
- First and fifth authors: Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, second and third authors: Department of Entomology and Nematology, and fourth author: Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL
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21
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George J, Robbins PS, Alessandro RT, Stelinski LL, Lapointe SL. Formic and Acetic Acids in Degradation Products of Plant Volatiles Elicit Olfactory and Behavioral Responses from an Insect Vector. Chem Senses 2016; 41:325-38. [DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjw005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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