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Li Y, Ta L, Wu Q, Zhang H, Xu Y, Gan L, Liu J. Assessment of the Validity of Carbon Ion Irradiation for C6 Gliomas in Rats. Dose Response 2025; 23:15593258251327505. [PMID: 40297665 PMCID: PMC12033543 DOI: 10.1177/15593258251327505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 01/15/2025] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Purpose Application of energy-spectrum computed tomography (CT) to assess specific efficacy of and response to carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) of C6 gliomas in rats. Methods After establishing C6 glioma rat models, 3 tumor-bearing rats were randomly selected as controls. The remaining were divided into 0 Gy, 1 Gy, and 2 Gy groups for CIRT. Energy-spectrum CT scans were performed, and brain tissues were collected for histopathology and western blot Test. Survival rates in each group were compared. Results The results demonstrated that tumors in the 1 Gy and 2 Gy groups decreased at different rates up to 14 days post-CIRT (P < 0.05). Furthermore, compared to pre-CIRT measurements, the energy-spectrum parameters gradually increased in the 0 Gy group, while they decreased in the 2 Gy group. Post-CIRT, the Ki-67 proliferation index and the expression levels of vascu-larassociated proteins in tumor tissues were significantly reduced in the 1 and 2 Gy groups. Additionally, the survival times of tumor-bearing rats were prolonged after CIRT. Conclusions CIRT effectively restricts tumor cell growth and proliferation, leading to improved survival rates in rats with C6 gliomas. The use of energy-spectrum CT with immunohistochemistry for quantitative detection can actively support the effectiveness of carbon ion radiotherapy in inhibiting tumor proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Li
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Ta
- Ningbo Medical Center LiHuiLi Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - QingFeng Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianli Liu
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Zhou J, Hou Z, Tian C, Zhu Z, Ye M, Chen S, Yang H, Zhang X, Zhang B. Review of tracer kinetic models in evaluation of gliomas using dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1380793. [PMID: 38947892 PMCID: PMC11211364 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1380793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS), and is characterized by high malignancy, high recurrence rate and poor survival. Conventional imaging techniques only provide information regarding the anatomical location, morphological characteristics, and enhancement patterns. In contrast, advanced imaging techniques such as dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI or DCE CT can reflect tissue microcirculation, including tumor vascular hyperplasia and vessel permeability. Although several studies have used DCE imaging to evaluate gliomas, the results of data analysis using conventional tracer kinetic models (TKMs) such as Tofts or extended-Tofts model (ETM) have been ambiguous. More advanced models such as Brix's conventional two-compartment model (Brix), tissue homogeneity model (TH) and distributed parameter (DP) model have been developed, but their application in clinical trials has been limited. This review attempts to appraise issues on glioma studies using conventional TKMs, such as Tofts or ETM model, highlight advancement of DCE imaging techniques and provides insights on the clinical value of glioma management using more advanced TKMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zujun Hou
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Chuanshuai Tian
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhu
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiping Ye
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sixuan Chen
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiquan Yang
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Qi Q, Fox MS, Lim H, Sullivan R, Li A, Bellyou M, Desjardins L, McClennan A, Bartha R, Hoffman L, Scholl TJ, Lee TY, Thiessen JD. Glucose Infusion Induced Change in Intracellular pH and Its Relationship with Tumor Glycolysis in a C6 Rat Model of Glioblastoma. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:271-282. [PMID: 36418769 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The reliance on glycolytic metabolism is a hallmark of tumor metabolism. Excess acid and protons are produced, leading to an acidic tumor environment. Therefore, we explored the relationship between the tumor glycolytic metabolism and tissue pH by comparing 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MR spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) to chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI measurements of tumor pH. METHODS 106 C6 glioma cells were implanted in the brains of male Wistar rats (N = 11) using stereotactic surgery. A 60-min PET acquisition after a bolus of FDG was performed at 11-13 days post implantation, and standardized uptake value (SUV) was calculated. CEST measurements were acquired the following day before and during constant infusion of glucose solution. Tumor intracellular pH (pHi) was evaluated using amine and amide concentration-independent detection (AACID) CEST MRI. The change of pHi (∆pHi) was calculated as the difference between pHi pre- and during glucose infusion. Rats were imaged immediately with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRSI. Regional maps of the ratio of Lac:Pyr were acquired. The correlations between SUV, Lac:Pyr ratio, and ∆pHi were evaluated using Pearson's correlation. RESULTS A decrease of 0.14 in pHi was found after glucose infusion in tumor region. Significant correlations between tumor glycolysis measurements of Lac:Pyr and ∆pHi within the tumor (ρ = 0.83, P = 0.01) and peritumoral region (ρ = 0.76, P = 0.028) were observed. No significant correlations were found between tumor SUV and ∆pHi within the tumor (ρ = - 0.45, P = 0.17) and peritumor regions (ρ = - 0.6, P = 0.051). CONCLUSION AACID detected the changes in pHi induced by glucose infusion. Significant correlations between tumor glycolytic measurement of Lac:Pyr and tumoral and peritumoral pHi and ∆pHi suggest the intrinsic relationship between tumor glycolytic metabolism and the tumor pH environment as well as the peritumor pH environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Molecular Imaging Program, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Matthew S Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Heeseung Lim
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Rebecca Sullivan
- Molecular Imaging Program, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada.,Department of Pathology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Alex Li
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Miranda Bellyou
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Lise Desjardins
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Andrew McClennan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Molecular Imaging Program, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Lisa Hoffman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Molecular Imaging Program, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada.,Department of Pathology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Timothy J Scholl
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Molecular Imaging Program, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Ting-Yim Lee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Molecular Imaging Program, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Thiessen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada. .,Molecular Imaging Program, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada. .,Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada. .,Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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Qi Q, Yeung TPC, Lee TY, Bauman G, Crukley C, Morrison L, Hoffman L, Yartsev S. Evaluation of CT Perfusion Biomarkers of Tumor Hypoxia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153569. [PMID: 27078858 PMCID: PMC4831843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor hypoxia is associated with treatment resistance to cancer therapies. Hypoxia can be investigated by immunohistopathologic methods but such procedure is invasive. A non-invasive method to interrogate tumor hypoxia is an attractive option as such method can provide information before, during, and after treatment for personalized therapies. Our study evaluated the correlations between computed tomography (CT) perfusion parameters and immunohistopathologic measurement of tumor hypoxia. METHODS Wistar rats, 18 controls and 19 treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), implanted with the C6 glioma tumor were imaged using CT perfusion on average every five days to monitor tumor growth. A final CT perfusion scan and the brain were obtained on average 14 days (8-22 days) after tumor implantation. Tumor hypoxia was detected immunohistopathologically with pimonidazole. The tumor, necrotic, and pimonidazole-positive areas on histology samples were measured. Percent necrotic area and percent hypoxic areas were calculated. Tumor volume (TV), blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), and permeability-surface area product (PS) were obtained from the CT perfusion studies. Correlations between CT perfusion parameters and histological parameters were assessed by Spearman's ρ correlation. A Bonferroni-corrected P value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS BF and BV showed significant correlations with percent hypoxic area ρ = -0.88, P < 0.001 and ρ = -0.81, P < 0.001, respectively, for control animals and ρ = -0.7, P < 0.001 and ρ = -0.6, P = 0.003, respectively, for all animals, while TV and BV were correlated (ρ = -0.64, P = 0.01 and ρ = -0.43, P = 0.043, respectively) with percent necrotic area. PS was not correlated with either percent necrotic or percent hypoxic areas. CONCLUSIONS Percent hypoxic area provided significant correlations with BF and BV, suggesting that CT perfusion parameters are potential non-invasive imaging biomarkers of tumor hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy Pok Chi Yeung
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ting-Yim Lee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glenn Bauman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cathie Crukley
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Morrison
- Lawson Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Hoffman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Slav Yartsev
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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