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Di Girolamo N. Biologicals and Biomaterials for Corneal Regeneration and Vision Restoration in Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401763. [PMID: 38777343 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian cornea is decorated with stem cells bestowed with the life-long task of renewing the epithelium, provided they remain healthy, functional, and in sufficient numbers. If not, a debilitating disease known as limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) can develop causing blindness. Decades after the first stem cell (SC) therapy is devised to treat this condition, patients continue to suffer unacceptable failures. During this time, improvements to therapeutics have included identifying better markers to isolate robust SC populations and nurturing them on crudely modified biological or biomaterial scaffolds including human amniotic membrane, fibrin, and contact lenses, prior to their delivery. Researchers are now gathering information about the biomolecular and biomechanical properties of the corneal SC niche to decipher what biological and/or synthetic materials can be incorporated into these carriers. Advances in biomedical engineering including electrospinning and 3D bioprinting with surface functionalization and micropatterning, and self-assembly models, have generated a wealth of biocompatible, biodegradable, integrating scaffolds to choose from, some of which are being tested for their SC delivery capacity in the hope of improving clinical outcomes for patients with LSCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Di Girolamo
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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2
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Poole K, Iyer KS, Schmidtke DW, Petroll WM, Varner VD. Investigating transcriptional differences in mechanotransductive and ECM related genes in cultured primary corneal keratocytes, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.28.582620. [PMID: 38464034 PMCID: PMC10925317 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.28.582620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
After a stromal injury in the cornea, the release of growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines typically results in the activation of quiescent keratocytes toward migratory fibroblast and/or fibrotic myofibroblast phenotypes. The persistence of the myofibroblast phenotype can lead to corneal fibrosis and scarring, which are leading causes of blindness worldwide. The primary goal of this study was to establish comprehensive transcriptional profiles for cultured corneal keratocytes, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts to gain insights into the mechanisms through which changes in phenotype may occur. Here, we cultured primary rabbit corneal keratocytes on collagen-coated glass coverslips in serum free media (SF), serum containing media (FBS), or in the presence of TGF-β1 to induce keratocyte, fibroblast, and myofibroblast phenotypes, respectively. Total RNA was collected and sent to Novogene for bulk RNA sequencing. Subsequent bioinformatic analysis included gene expression quantification, differential expression, and functional analysis. When comparing FBS and TGF-β1 conditions to SF, genes characteristic of a quiescent keratocyte phenotype were downregulated (e.g. KERA, LUM, ALDH1A1), while genes commonly associated with fibroblasts or myofibroblasts were upregulated (e.g. VIM, TNC, FN1, ITGA5, ACTA2). Functional analysis of genes differentially expressed between fibroblasts and keratocytes highlighted pathways related to proliferation (e.g. DNA replication, PI3K-Akt signaling) and cell migration (e.g. Rap1 signaling, ECM-receptor interactions). Enriched pathways for the comparison of myofibroblasts to keratocytes included focal adhesion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, hippo signaling, and ECM-receptor interaction pathways. Together, these pathways support changes in cytoskeletal organization, cell contractility, mechanotransduction, and cell-ECM interactions in myofibroblasts compared to keratocytes. Overall, these data demonstrate that there are distinct transcriptional differences between cultured corneal keratocytes, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts. In our initial analysis, we have identified genes and signaling pathways that may play important roles in keratocyte differentiation, including many related to proliferation, cell mechanical activity, and ECM interactions. Furthermore, our findings reveal novel markers for each cell type as well as possible targets for modulating cell behavior and differentiation to promote physiological corneal wound healing.
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3
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Thomasy SM, Leonard BC, Greiner MA, Skeie JM, Raghunathan VK. Squishy matters - Corneal mechanobiology in health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 99:101234. [PMID: 38176611 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The cornea, as a dynamic and responsive tissue, constantly interacts with mechanical forces in order to maintain its structural integrity, barrier function, transparency and refractive power. Cells within the cornea sense and respond to various mechanical forces that fundamentally regulate their morphology and fate in development, homeostasis and pathophysiology. Corneal cells also dynamically regulate their extracellular matrix (ECM) with ensuing cell-ECM crosstalk as the matrix serves as a dynamic signaling reservoir providing biophysical and biochemical cues to corneal cells. Here we provide an overview of mechanotransduction signaling pathways then delve into the recent advances in corneal mechanobiology, focusing on the interplay between mechanical forces and responses of the corneal epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells. We also identify species-specific differences in corneal biomechanics and mechanotransduction to facilitate identification of optimal animal models to study corneal wound healing, disease, and novel therapeutic interventions. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps and therapeutic opportunities in corneal mechanobiology that are pressing for the research community to address especially pertinent within the domains of limbal stem cell deficiency, keratoconus and Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy. By furthering our understanding corneal mechanobiology, we can contextualize discoveries regarding corneal diseases as well as innovative treatments for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States; California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Brian C Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mark A Greiner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, IA, United States
| | - Jessica M Skeie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, IA, United States
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4
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Lechuga S, Marino-Melendez A, Naydenov NG, Zafar A, Braga-Neto MB, Ivanov AI. Regulation of Epithelial and Endothelial Barriers by Molecular Chaperones. Cells 2024; 13:370. [PMID: 38474334 PMCID: PMC10931179 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrity and permeability of epithelial and endothelial barriers depend on the formation of tight junctions, adherens junctions, and a junction-associated cytoskeleton. The establishment of this junction-cytoskeletal module relies on the correct folding and oligomerization of its protein components. Molecular chaperones are known regulators of protein folding and complex formation in different cellular compartments. Mammalian cells possess an elaborate chaperone network consisting of several hundred chaperones and co-chaperones. Only a small part of this network has been linked, however, to the regulation of intercellular adhesions, and the systematic analysis of chaperone functions at epithelial and endothelial barriers is lacking. This review describes the functions and mechanisms of the chaperone-assisted regulation of intercellular junctions. The major focus of this review is on heat shock protein chaperones, their co-chaperones, and chaperonins since these molecules are the focus of the majority of the articles published on the chaperone-mediated control of tissue barriers. This review discusses the roles of chaperones in the regulation of the steady-state integrity of epithelial and vascular barriers as well as the disruption of these barriers by pathogenic factors and extracellular stressors. Since cytoskeletal coupling is essential for junctional integrity and remodeling, chaperone-assisted assembly of the actomyosin cytoskeleton is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Armando Marino-Melendez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Nayden G. Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Atif Zafar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Manuel B. Braga-Neto
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
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5
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Bhattacharya S, Mukherjee A, Pisano S, Dimri S, Knaane E, Altshuler A, Nasser W, Dey S, Shi L, Mizrahi I, Blum N, Jokel O, Amitai-Lange A, Kaganovsky A, Mimouni M, Socea S, Midlij M, Tiosano B, Hasson P, Feral C, Wolfenson H, Shalom-Feuerstein R. The biophysical property of the limbal niche maintains stemness through YAP. Cell Death Differ 2023:10.1038/s41418-023-01156-7. [PMID: 37095157 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell fate decisions of stem cells (SCs) largely depend on signals from their microenvironment (niche). However, very little is known about how biochemical niche cues control cell behavior in vivo. To address this question, we focused on the corneal epithelial SC model in which the SC niche, known as the limbus, is spatially segregated from the differentiation compartment. We report that the unique biomechanical property of the limbus supports the nuclear localization and function of Yes-associated protein (YAP), a putative mediator of the mechanotransduction pathway. Perturbation of tissue stiffness or YAP activity affects SC function as well as tissue integrity under homeostasis and significantly inhibited the regeneration of the SC population following SC depletion. In vitro experiments revealed that substrates with the rigidity of the corneal differentiation compartment inhibit nuclear YAP localization and induce differentiation, a mechanism that is mediated by the TGFβ-SMAD2/3 pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that SC sense biomechanical niche signals and that manipulation of mechano-sensory machinery or its downstream biochemical output may bear fruits in SC expansion for regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnabh Bhattacharya
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel.
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Abhishek Mukherjee
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sabrina Pisano
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IRCAN, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Shalini Dimri
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eman Knaane
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anna Altshuler
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Waseem Nasser
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sunanda Dey
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lidan Shi
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ido Mizrahi
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noam Blum
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ophir Jokel
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Aya Amitai-Lange
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anna Kaganovsky
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Mimouni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sergiu Socea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mohamad Midlij
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hilel Yafe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Beatrice Tiosano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hilel Yafe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Peleg Hasson
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Chloe Feral
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IRCAN, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Haguy Wolfenson
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Ruby Shalom-Feuerstein
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel.
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6
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Zeevaert K, Goetzke R, Elsafi Mabrouk MH, Schmidt M, Maaßen C, Henneke AC, He C, Gillner A, Zenke M, Wagner W. YAP1 is essential for self-organized differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 146:213308. [PMID: 36774716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) form aggregates that recapitulate aspects of the self-organization in early embryogenesis. Within few days, cells undergo a transition from epithelial-like structures to organized three-dimensional embryoid bodies (EBs) with upregulation of germ layer-specific genes. However, it is largely unclear, which signaling cascades regulate self-organized differentiation. The Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway and essential mechanotransducer. YAP1 has been suggested to play a crucial role for early embryo development, but the relevance for early germ layer commitment of human iPSCs remains to be elucidated. To gain insights into the function of YAP1 in early cell-fate decisions, we generated YAP1 knockout (YAP-/-) iPSC lines with CRISPR/Cas9 technology and analyzed transcriptomic and epigenetic modifications. YAP-/- iPSCs showed increased expression of several YAP1 targets and of NODAL, an important regulator of cell differentiation. Furthermore, YAP1 deficiency evoked global DNA methylation changes. Directed differentiation of adherent iPSC colonies towards endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm could be induced, albeit endodermal and ectodermal differentiation showed transcriptomic and epigenetic changes in YAP-/- lines. Notably, in undirected self-organized YAP-/- EBs germ layer specification was clearly impaired. This phenotype was rescued via lentiviral overexpression of YAP1 and also by NODAL inhibitors. Our results demonstrate that YAP1 plays an important role during early germ layer specification of iPSCs, particularly for the undirected self-organization of EBs, and this is at least partly attributed to activation of the NODAL signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Zeevaert
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Roman Goetzke
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; PL BioScience, Technology Centre Aachen, 52068 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohamed H Elsafi Mabrouk
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marco Schmidt
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Catharina Maaßen
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Henneke
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Chao He
- Chair for Laser Technology LLT, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Arnold Gillner
- Chair for Laser Technology LLT, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany.
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7
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Bhattacharjee P, Ahearne M. Influence of spiral topographies on human limbal-derived immortalized corneal epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2022; 225:109252. [PMID: 36150543 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cells migrate from the limbus to the corneal epithelium following a centripetal pathway. Corneal epithelial cells tend to orientate in spiral or vortex patterns. However, when cultured in-vitro, limbal derived corneal epithelia do not tend to align or migrate in a spiral pattern. Here, we used soft lithography to create silk fibroin substrates with spiral topographies that direct the human limbal-derived immortalized corneal epithelial cells (hTCEpi) to form a spiral orientation. The impact of this topography on the cells was then characterized. The spiral patterns affected cytoskeletal organization, cell spreading, and nuclei shapes. Spiral width and numbers had a significant impact on proliferation of cells, their focal adhesion, their chromatin condensation, and number of actin filaments. Immunocytochemical staining showed that the spiral pattern enhanced the expression of markers associated with limbal stem cells. The current work illustrates micro spiral patterns can serve to control the nature of limbal derived epithelial cells by providing relevant biophysical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Promita Bhattacharjee
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Ahearne
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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8
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Yang Y, Jiang X, Li X, Sun K, Zhu X, Zhou B. Specific ablation of Hippo signalling component Yap1 in retinal progenitors and Müller cells results in late onset retinal degeneration. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2673-2689. [PMID: 35533255 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a major component of the Hippo pathway involved in development, growth, repair and homeostasis. Nonsense YAP1 mutations in humans result in autosomal dominant coloboma. Here, we generated a conditional knockout mouse model in which Yap1 was specifically deleted in embryonic retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and in mature Müller cells using a Chx10-Cre driver. Our data demonstrated that the conditional ablation of Yap1 in embryonic RPCs does not prevent normal retinal development and caused no gross changes in retinal structure during embryonic and early postnatal life. Nevertheless, Yap1 deficient in retinal Müller cells in adult mice leads to impaired visual responses and extensive late-onset retinal degeneration, characterized by reduced cell number in all retinal layers. Immunofluorescence data further revealed the degeneration and death of rod and cone photoreceptors, bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells and ganglion cells to varying degrees in aged knockout mice. Moreover, alteration of glial homeostasis and reactive gliosis were also observed. Finally, cell proliferation and TUNEL assay revealed that the broad retinal degeneration is mainly caused by enhanced apoptosis in late period. Together, this work uncovers that YAP is essential for the normal vision and retinal maintenance, highlighting the crucial role of YAP in retinal function and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeming Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kuanxiang Sun
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Departemnt of Ophthalmology, First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, Henan, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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9
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Wang M, Hu J, Qu J, Huang H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Li H, Cui X, Zhang F, Hu MY, Li J, Hu Y. The Therapeutic Roles of Recombinant Hsp90α on Cornea Epithelial Injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:30. [PMID: 35201262 PMCID: PMC8883155 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic role of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in wound healing of injury cornea epithelium. Methods The right eye of C57BL/6N male mice were performed the debridement wounds in the center of the cornea using an algerbrush II blade. The injured area was determined by staining the cornea with fluorescein sodium and measured with image-J. Immunoblotting, ELISA and immunochemistry were used for determining protein expression. The quantitation PCR was performed to measure mRNA expression. Results Hsp90α is upregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels, and is secreted extracellularly into the corneal stroma and tear film during the healing process after corneal injury in mice. This upregulation is associated with activation of HSF1. Administration of recombinant exogenous Hsp90α (eHsp90α) speeds up wound healing of injured corneal epithelium. The eHsp90α binds to low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-related protein-1 (LRP-1) on the corneal epithelial cells and increases phosphorylation of AKT at S473, which is associated with proliferation and migration corneal epithelial cells in vitro or vivo. Inhibition of AKT by its inhibitor LY294002 abolishes eHsp90α-induced migration and proliferation of corneal epithelial cells. Conclusions Hsp90α is upregulated and secreted after corneal injury and acts to promote the healing process. Recombinant Hsp90α may be a promising therapeutic drug candidate for corneal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Kaifeng Key Laboratory for Cataract and Myopia, Institute of Eye Disease, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jialin Hu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junwei Qu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huili Huang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hui Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiukun Cui
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fengyan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Yue Hu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jing Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanzhong Hu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Kaifeng Key Laboratory for Cataract and Myopia, Institute of Eye Disease, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Robertson SYT, Roberts JS, Deng SX. Regulation of Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells: Importance of the Niche. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11975. [PMID: 34769405 PMCID: PMC8584795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LSCs) reside in a niche that contains finely tuned balances of various signaling pathways including Wnt, Notch, BMP, Shh, YAP, and TGFβ. The activation or inhibition of these pathways is frequently dependent on the interactions of LSCs with various niche cell types and extracellular substrates. In addition to receiving molecular signals from growth factors, cytokines, and other soluble molecules, LSCs also respond to their surrounding physical structure via mechanotransduction, interaction with the ECM, and interactions with other cell types. Damage to LSCs or their niche leads to limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). The field of LSCD treatment would greatly benefit from an understanding of the molecular regulation of LSCs in vitro and in vivo. This review synthesizes current literature around the niche factors and signaling pathways that influence LSC function. Future development of LSCD therapies should consider all these niche factors to achieve improved long-term restoration of the LSC population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophie X. Deng
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 94143, USA; (S.Y.T.R.); (J.S.R.)
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11
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Duecker RP, Adam EH, Wirtz S, Gronau L, Khodamoradi Y, Eberhardt FJ, Donath H, Gutmann D, Vehreschild MJGT, Zacharowski K, Kreyenberg H, Chiocchetti AG, Zielen S, Schubert R. The MiR-320 Family Is Strongly Downregulated in Patients with COVID-19 Induced Severe Respiratory Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910351. [PMID: 34638691 PMCID: PMC8508658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A high incidence of thromboembolic events associated with high mortality has been reported in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections with respiratory failure. The present study characterized post-transcriptional gene regulation by global microRNA (miRNA) expression in relation to activated coagulation and inflammation in 21 critically ill SARS-CoV-2 patients. The cohort consisted of patients with moderate respiratory failure (n = 11) and severe respiratory failure (n = 10) at an acute stage (day 0-3) and in the later course of the disease (>7 days). All patients needed supplemental oxygen and severe patients were defined by the requirement of positive pressure ventilation (intubation). Levels of D-dimers, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin (IL)-6 were significantly higher in patients with severe compared with moderate respiratory failure. Concurrently, next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis demonstrated increased dysregulation of miRNA expression with progression of disease severity connected to extreme downregulation of miR-320a, miR-320b and miR-320c. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed involvement in the Hippo signaling pathway, the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway and in the regulation of adherens junctions. The expression of all miR-320 family members was significantly correlated with CRP, IL-6, and D-dimer levels. In conclusion, our analysis underlines the importance of thromboembolic processes in patients with respiratory failure and emphasizes miRNA-320s as potential biomarkers for severe progressive SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth P. Duecker
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescence, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.W.); (L.G.); (H.D.); (D.G.); (S.Z.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisabeth H. Adam
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy 2, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (E.H.A.); (K.Z.)
| | - Sarah Wirtz
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescence, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.W.); (L.G.); (H.D.); (D.G.); (S.Z.); (R.S.)
| | - Lucia Gronau
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescence, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.W.); (L.G.); (H.D.); (D.G.); (S.Z.); (R.S.)
- Department of Food Technology, University of Applied Sciences Fulda, 36037 Fulda, Germany
| | - Yascha Khodamoradi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (Y.K.); (F.J.E.); (M.J.G.T.V.)
| | - Fabian J. Eberhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (Y.K.); (F.J.E.); (M.J.G.T.V.)
| | - Helena Donath
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescence, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.W.); (L.G.); (H.D.); (D.G.); (S.Z.); (R.S.)
| | - Desiree Gutmann
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescence, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.W.); (L.G.); (H.D.); (D.G.); (S.Z.); (R.S.)
| | - Maria J. G. T. Vehreschild
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (Y.K.); (F.J.E.); (M.J.G.T.V.)
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy 2, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (E.H.A.); (K.Z.)
| | - Hermann Kreyenberg
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescence, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Andreas G. Chiocchetti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Stefan Zielen
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescence, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.W.); (L.G.); (H.D.); (D.G.); (S.Z.); (R.S.)
| | - Ralf Schubert
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescence, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.W.); (L.G.); (H.D.); (D.G.); (S.Z.); (R.S.)
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12
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Liu Z, Li S, Qian X, Li L, Zhang H, Liu Z. RhoA/ROCK-YAP/TAZ Axis Regulates the Fibrotic Activity in Dexamethasone-Treated Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:728932. [PMID: 34552960 PMCID: PMC8450533 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.728932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Abnormal fibrotic activity in the human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells is considered to be partly responsible for the increased resistance of aqueous humor outflow and IOP. This study aimed to identify the fibrotic pathways using integrated bioinformatics and further elucidate their mechanism of regulating fibrotic activity in dexamethasone (DEX)-treated HTM cells. Microarray datasets from the GEO database were obtained and analyzed by GEO2R. Bioinformatics analyses, including GO and KEGG analyses, were performed to explore biological functions and signaling pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The fibrotic pathways and targets were determined by western blot, RT-qPCR, or immunofluorescence staining. The cellular elastic modulus was measured using an atomic force microscope. A total of 204 DEGs, partly enriched in fibrotic activity (collagen-containing ECM, fibroblast activation) and Rap1, Ras, TGF-β, and Hippo pathways, were identified. Experimental results showed that DEX induced fibrotic activity and regulated the expression of RhoA/ROCK in HTM cells. Similarly, the constitutively active RhoA (RhoAG14V) also promoted the fibrotic activity of HTM cells. Mechanistically, RhoAG14V induced the expression and nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ to produce CTGF. Moreover, inhibition of ROCK or YAP decreased the expression of Collagen I and α-SMA proteins induced by DEX or RhoAG14V in HTM cells. In conclusion, these results indicate that RhoA/ROCK-YAP/TAZ axis plays a crucial role in regulating the fibrotic activity of DEX-treated HTM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqing Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Cell contact guidance via sensing anisotropy of network mechanical resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024942118. [PMID: 34266950 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024942118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the ubiquitous importance of cell contact guidance, the signal-inducing contact guidance of mammalian cells in an aligned fibril network has defied elucidation. This is due to multiple interdependent signals that an aligned fibril network presents to cells, including, at least, anisotropy of adhesion, porosity, and mechanical resistance. By forming aligned fibrin gels with the same alignment strength, but cross-linked to different extents, the anisotropic mechanical resistance hypothesis of contact guidance was tested for human dermal fibroblasts. The cross-linking was shown to increase the mechanical resistance anisotropy, without detectable change in network microstructure and without change in cell adhesion to the cross-linked fibrin gel. This methodology thus isolated anisotropic mechanical resistance as a variable for fixed anisotropy of adhesion and porosity. The mechanical resistance anisotropy |Y*| -1 - |X*| -1 increased over fourfold in terms of the Fourier magnitudes of microbead displacement |X*| and |Y*| at the drive frequency with respect to alignment direction Y obtained by optical forces in active microrheology. Cells were found to exhibit stronger contact guidance in the cross-linked gels possessing greater mechanical resistance anisotropy: the cell anisotropy index based on the tensor of cell orientation, which has a range 0 to 1, increased by 18% with the fourfold increase in mechanical resistance anisotropy. We also show that modulation of adhesion via function-blocking antibodies can modulate the guidance response, suggesting a concomitant role of cell adhesion. These results indicate that fibroblasts can exhibit contact guidance in aligned fibril networks by sensing anisotropy of network mechanical resistance.
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14
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Chen J, Wan R, Li Q, Rao Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Teichmann AT. Utilizing the Hippo pathway as a therapeutic target for combating endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:306. [PMID: 34112175 PMCID: PMC8194146 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is always a great obstacle in any endocrine therapy of breast cancer. Although the combination of endocrine therapy and targeted therapy has been shown to significantly improve prognosis, refractory endocrine resistance is still common. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway is often related to the occurrence and the development of many tumors. Targeted therapies of this pathway have played important roles in the study of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Targeting the Hippo pathway in combination with chemotherapy or other targeted therapies has been shown to significantly improve specific antitumor effects and reduce cancer antidrug resistance. Further exploration has shown that the Hippo pathway is closely related to endocrine resistance, and it plays a "co-correlation point" role in numerous pathways involving endocrine resistance, including related pathways in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Agents and miRNAs targeting the components of the Hippo pathway are expected to significantly enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to endocrine therapy. This review initially explains the possible mechanism of the Hippo pathway in combating endocrine resistance, and it concludes by recommending endocrine therapy in combination with therapies targeting the Hippo pathway in the study of endocrine-resistant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Runlan Wan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinqin Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhenghuan Rao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Alexander Tobias Teichmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China. .,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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15
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Sun MG, Luo Y, Teng T, Guaiquil V, Zhou Q, McGinn L, Nazzal O, Walsh M, Lee J, Rosenblatt MI. Silk Film Stiffness Modulates Corneal Epithelial Cell Mechanosignaling. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021; 222:2170013. [PMID: 34149247 PMCID: PMC8208642 DOI: 10.1002/macp.202170013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin films are excellent candidate biomaterials for corneal tissue engineering due to their optical transparency, biocompatibility, and mechanical strength. Their tunable chemical and mechanical properties open the possibility of engineering cellular microenvironments that can both mimic native corneal tissue and provide stimuli to actively promote wound regeneration. While silk film mechanical properties, such as surface topography, have demonstrated the ability to control corneal epithelial cell wound regenerating behavior, few studies have explored the stiffness tunability of these films and its cellular effects. Cells are known actively sense the stiffness of their surroundings and processes such as cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and expression of stem markers can be strongly influenced by matrix stiffness. This study develops technical solutions that allow for both the fabrication of films with stiffnesses similar to corneal tissue and also for their characterization in an aqueous, native-like environment at a scale relevant to cellular forces. Physiological evidence demonstrates that corneal epithelial cells are mechanosensitive to films of different stiffnesses and show that cell spreading, cytoskeletal tension, and molecular mechanotransducer localization are associated with film stiffness. These results indicate that silk film stiffness can be used to regulate cell behavior for the purposes of ocular surface repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S. Morgan St., Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Y Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612
| | - T Teng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S. Morgan St., Chicago, IL 60607
| | - V Guaiquil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Q Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612
| | - L McGinn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612
| | - O Nazzal
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - M Walsh
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, 101 Roosevelt Ave., Eau Claire, WI 54701
| | - J Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S. Morgan St., Chicago, IL 60607
| | - M I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612
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16
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Li Y, Ge L, Chen X, Mao Y, Gu X, Ren B, Zeng Y, Chen M, Chen S, Liu J, Yang Y, Xu H. The common YAP activation mediates corneal epithelial regeneration and repair with different-sized wounds. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:16. [PMID: 33772031 PMCID: PMC7997881 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration/repair after injury can be endowed by adult stem cells (ASCs) or lineage restricted and even terminally differentiated cells. In corneal epithelium, regeneration after a large wound depends on ASCs (limbal epithelial stem cells, LESCs), whereas repair after a small wound is LESCs-independent. Here, using rat corneal epithelial wounds with different sizes, we show that YAP activation promotes the activation and expansion of LESCs after a large wound, as well as the reprogramming of local epithelial cells (repairing epithelial cells) after a small wound, which contributes to LESCs-dependent and -independent wound healing, respectively. Mechanically, we highlight that the reciprocal regulation of YAP activity and the assembly of cell junction and cortical F-actin cytoskeleton accelerates corneal epithelial healing with different-sized wounds. Together, the common YAP activation and the underlying regulatory mechanism are harnessed by LESCs and lineage-restricted epithelial cells to cope with corneal epithelial wounds with different sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Li
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China ,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingling Ge
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China ,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Chen
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China ,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China ,grid.263906.8Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yumei Mao
- grid.449525.b0000 0004 1798 4472North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianliang Gu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China ,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Bangqi Ren
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China ,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxiao Zeng
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China ,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China ,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China ,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China ,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuli Yang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China ,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China ,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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17
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Sun MG, Luo Y, Teng T, Guaiquil V, Zhou Q, McGinn L, Nazzal O, Walsh M, Lee J, Rosenblatt MI. Silk Film Stiffness Modulates Corneal Epithelial Cell Mechanosignaling. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago 1855 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60612 USA
- Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Chicago 851 S. Morgan St. Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Yuncin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago 1855 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Tao Teng
- Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Chicago 851 S. Morgan St. Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Victor Guaiquil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago 1855 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago 1855 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Lander McGinn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago 1855 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Osayd Nazzal
- Department of Pathology University of Illinois at Chicago 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Michael Walsh
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire 101 Roosevelt Ave Eau Claire WI 54701 USA
| | - James Lee
- Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Chicago 851 S. Morgan St. Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Mark I. Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago 1855 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60612 USA
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18
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Leguit RJ, Raymakers RAP, Hebeda KM, Goldschmeding R. CCN2 (Cellular Communication Network factor 2) in the bone marrow microenvironment, normal and malignant hematopoiesis. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:25-56. [PMID: 33428075 PMCID: PMC7798015 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CCN2, formerly termed Connective Tissue Growth Factor, is a protein belonging to the Cellular Communication Network (CCN)-family of secreted extracellular matrix-associated proteins. As a matricellular protein it is mainly considered to be active as a modifier of signaling activity of several different signaling pathways and as an orchestrator of their cross-talk. Furthermore, CCN2 and its fragments have been implicated in the regulation of a multitude of biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, cell survival, apoptosis and the production of extracellular matrix products, as well as in more complex processes such as embryonic development, angiogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, fibrosis, mechanotransduction and inflammation. Its function is complex and context dependent, depending on cell type, state of differentiation and microenvironmental context. CCN2 plays a role in many diseases, especially those associated with fibrosis, but has also been implicated in many different forms of cancer. In the bone marrow (BM), CCN2 is highly expressed in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). CCN2 is important for MSC function, supporting its proliferation, migration and differentiation. In addition, stromal CCN2 supports the maintenance and longtime survival of hematopoietic stem cells, and in the presence of interleukin 7, stimulates the differentiation of pro-B lymphocytes into pre-B lymphocytes. Overexpression of CCN2 is seen in the majority of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemias, especially in certain cytogenetic subgroups associated with poor outcome. In acute myeloid leukemia, CCN2 expression is increased in MSCs, which has been associated with leukemic engraftment in vivo. In this review, the complex function of CCN2 in the BM microenvironment and in normal as well as malignant hematopoiesis is discussed. In addition, an overview is given of data on the remaining CCN family members regarding normal and malignant hematopoiesis, having many similarities and some differences in their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roos J Leguit
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, H04-312, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Reinier A P Raymakers
- Department of Hematology, UMCU Cancer Center, Heidelberglaan 100 B02.226, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Konnie M Hebeda
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Luo M, Meng Z, Moroishi T, Lin KC, Shen G, Mo F, Shao B, Wei X, Zhang P, Wei Y, Guan KL. Heat stress activates YAP/TAZ to induce the heat shock transcriptome. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:1447-1459. [PMID: 33199845 PMCID: PMC7757600 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-00602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays critical roles in cell growth, differentiation, organ development and tissue homeostasis, whereas its dysregulation can lead to tumorigenesis. YAP and TAZ are transcription co-activators and represent the main downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway. Here, we show that heat stress induces a strong and rapid YAP dephosphorylation and activation. The effect of heat shock on YAP is dominant to other signals known to modulate the Hippo pathway. Heat shock inhibits LATS kinase by promoting HSP90-dependent LATS interaction with and inactivation by protein phosphatase 5. Heat shock also induces LATS ubiquitination and degradation. YAP and TAZ are crucial for cellular heat shock responses, including the heat shock transcriptome and cell viability. This study uncovers previously unknown mechanisms of Hippo regulation by heat shock, as well as physiological functions of YAP, in the heat stress response. Our observations also reveal a potential combinational therapy involving hyperthermia and targeting of the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology & Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Toshiro Moroishi
- Department of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, Japan
| | - Kimberly C Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Guobo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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20
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Raghunathan V, Edwards SG, Leonard BC, Kim S, Evashenk AT, Song Y, Rewinski E, Marangakis Price A, Hoehn A, Chang C, Reilly CM, Muppala S, Murphy CJ, Thomasy SM. Differential effects of Hsp90 inhibition on corneal cells in vitro and in vivo. Exp Eye Res 2020; 202:108362. [PMID: 33220237 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of quiescent keratocytes to activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts (KFM transformation) largely depends on transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling. Initiation of the TGFβ signaling cascade results from binding of TGFβ to the labile type I TGFβ receptor (TGFβRI), which is stabilized by the 90 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90). Since myofibroblast persistence within the corneal stroma can result in stromal haze and corneal fibrosis in patients undergoing keratorefractive therapy, modulation of TGFβ signaling through Hsp90 inhibition would represent a novel approach to prevent myofibroblast persistence. In vitro, rabbit corneal fibroblasts (RCFs) or stratified immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (hTCEpi) were treated with a Hsp90 inhibitor (17AAG) in the presence/absence of TGFβ1. RCFs were cultured either on tissue culture plastic, anisotropically patterned substrates, and hydrogels of varying stiffness. Cellular responses to both cytoactive and variable substrates were assessed by morphologic changes to the cells, and alterations in expression patterns of key keratocyte and myofibroblast proteins using PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements were performed to establish epithelial barrier integrity. In vivo, the corneas of New Zealand White rabbits were wounded by phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) and treated with 17AAG (3× or 6× daily) either immediately or 7 days after wounding for 28 days. Rabbits underwent clinical ophthalmic examinations, SPOTS scoring and advanced imaging on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28. On day 28, rabbits were euthanized and histopathology/immunohistochemistry was performed. In vitro data demonstrated that 17AAG inhibited KFM transformation with the de-differentiation of spindle shaped myofibroblasts to dendritic keratocyte-like cells accompanied by significant upregulation of corneal crystallins and suppression of myofibroblast markers regardless of TGFβ1 treatment. RCFs cultured on soft hydrogels or patterned substrates exhibited elevated expression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) in the presence of 17AAG. Treatment of hTCEpi cells disrupted zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) adherens junction formation. In vivo, there were no differences detected in nearly all clinical parameters assessed between treatment groups. However, rabbits treated with 17AAG developed greater stromal haze formation compared with controls, irrespective of frequency of administration. Lastly, there was increased αSMA positive myofibroblasts in the stroma of 17AAG treated animals when compared with controls. Hsp90 inhibition promoted reversion of the myofibroblast to keratocyte phenotype, although this only occurred on rigid substrates. By contrast, in vivo Hsp90 inhibition was detrimental to corneal wound healing likely due to impairment in corneal epithelial closure and barrier function restoration. Collectively, our data demonstrated a strong interplay in vitro between biophysical cues and soluble signaling molecules in determining corneal stromal cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- VijayKrishna Raghunathan
- Department of Basic Sciences, United States; The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Sydney Garrison Edwards
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Brian C Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Alexander T Evashenk
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Yeonju Song
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Eva Rewinski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Ariana Marangakis Price
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Alyssa Hoehn
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Connor Chang
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Christopher M Reilly
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Santoshi Muppala
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Christopher J Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
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21
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Leclech C, Villard C. Cellular and Subcellular Contact Guidance on Microfabricated Substrates. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:551505. [PMID: 33195116 PMCID: PMC7642591 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.551505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Topography of the extracellular environment is now recognized as a major biophysical regulator of cell behavior and function. The study of the influence of patterned substrates on cells, named contact guidance, has greatly benefited from the development of micro and nano-fabrication techniques, allowing the emergence of increasingly diverse and elaborate engineered platforms. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive view of the process of contact guidance from cellular to subcellular scales. We first classify and illustrate the large diversity of topographies reported in the literature by focusing on generic cellular responses to diverse topographical cues. Subsequently, and in a complementary fashion, we adopt the opposite approach and highlight cell type-specific responses to classically used topographies (arrays of pillars or grooves). Finally, we discuss recent advances on the key subcellular and molecular players involved in topographical sensing. Throughout the review, we focus particularly on neuronal cells, whose unique morphology and behavior have inspired a large body of studies in the field of topographical sensing and revealed fascinating cellular mechanisms. We conclude by using the current understanding of the cell-topography interactions at different scales as a springboard for identifying future challenges in the field of contact guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Leclech
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory, CNRS UMR 7646, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Catherine Villard
- Physico-Chimie Curie, CNRS UMR 168, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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22
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Gao P, Mu M, Chen Y, He J, Tao X, Song C. Yes-associated protein upregulates filopodia formation to promote alveolar epithelial-cell phagocytosis. Immunol Lett 2020; 225:44-49. [PMID: 32554050 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells engulf particles larger than 0.5 μm in diameter by phagocytosis, which is driven by cytoskeletal rearrangements. Phagocytosis by alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) helps to maintain the alveolar homeostasis. Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcriptional coactivator of the Hippo pathway, affects proliferation, differentiation, and cytoskeletal rearrangement of AECs, but it is not clear whether YAP regulates phagocytosis. In this study, interference with YAP expression inhibited phagocytosis in MLE-12 cells and in primary cultures of AEC. Filopodia formation promoted phagocytosis in AECs, and YAP enhanced filopodia formation in AECs. Blocking PI3K signaling resulted in reduced YAP protein expression and inhibition of phagocytosis. The results indicate that YAP expression was regulated by PI3K signaling and promoted phagocytosis in AECs by upregulating filopodia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, PR China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China
| | - Mimi Mu
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, PR China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, PR China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, PR China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China
| | - Xiangnan Tao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004, PR China
| | - Chuanwang Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, PR China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China.
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23
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Tonazzini I, Masciullo C, Savi E, Sonato A, Romanato F, Cecchini M. Neuronal contact guidance and YAP signaling on ultra-small nanogratings. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3742. [PMID: 32111918 PMCID: PMC7048778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact interaction of neuronal cells with extracellular nanometric features can be exploited to investigate and modulate cellular responses. By exploiting nanogratings (NGs) with linewidth from 500 nm down to 100 nm, we here study neurite contact guidance along ultra-small directional topographies. The impact of NG lateral dimension on the neuronal morphotype, neurite alignment, focal adhesion (FA) development and YAP activation is investigated in nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiating PC12 cells and in primary hippocampal neurons, by confocal and live-cell total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, and at molecular level. We demonstrate that loss of neurite guidance occurs in NGs with periodicity below 400 nm and correlates with a loss of FA lateral constriction and spatial organization. We found that YAP intracellular localization is modulated by the presence of NGs, but it is not sensitive to their periodicity. Nocodazole, a drug that can increase cell contractility, is finally tested for rescuing neurite alignment showing mild ameliorative effects. Our results provide new indications for a rational design of biocompatible scaffolds for enhancing nerve-regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Tonazzini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Cecilia Masciullo
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Eleonora Savi
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Agnese Sonato
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy.
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24
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Rianna C, Radmacher M, Kumar S. Direct evidence that tumor cells soften when navigating confined spaces. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1726-1734. [PMID: 31995446 PMCID: PMC7521845 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-10-0588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of cells strongly regulate many physiological and pathological processes. For example, in cancer, invasive and metastatic tumor cells have often been reported to be softer than nontumor cells, raising speculation that cancer cells might adaptively soften to facilitate migration through narrow tissue spaces. Despite growing interest in targeting cell softening to impede invasion and metastasis, it remains to be directly demonstrated that tumor cells soften as they migrate through confined spaces. Here, we address this open question by combining topographically patterned substrates with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Using a polydimethylsiloxane open-roof microdevice featuring tapered, fibronectin-coated channels, we followed the migration of U2OS cells through various stages of confinement while simultaneously performing AFM indentation. As cells progress from unconfined migration to fully confined migration, cells soften and exclude Yes-associated protein from the nucleus. Superresolution imaging reveals that confinement induces remodeling of actomyosin stress fiber architecture. Companion studies with flat one-dimensional microlines indicate that the changes in cytoarchitecture and mechanics are intrinsically driven by topographical confinement rather than changes in cellular aspect ratio. Our studies represent among the most direct evidence to date that tumor cells soften during confined migration and support cell softening as a mechanoadaptive mechanism during invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Rianna
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Manfred Radmacher
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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25
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Masterton S, Ahearne M. Influence of polydimethylsiloxane substrate stiffness on corneal epithelial cells. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:191796. [PMID: 31903218 PMCID: PMC6936283 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Many cell types are known to modulate their behaviour in response to changes in material stiffness; however, little is known about how stiffness affects corneal epithelial cells. This study aims to investigate the response of a corneal epithelial cell line to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with a range of Young's moduli from 10 to 1500 kPa. Cellular morphology, proliferation, differentiation and mechanobiology were examined. Cells grown on PDMS adopted the typical cobblestone morphology exhibited by the corneal epithelium. Proliferative markers pERK and Ki67 were higher in cells cultured on stiffer substrates compared with those on softer substrates. Material stiffness was also found to influence the cell phenotype with cells on stiffer substrates having higher cytokeratin 3 gene expression, a mature epithelial marker, while cells on softer substrates expressed more cytokeratin 14, a basal epithelial marker. Cells grown on softer substrates also displayed higher levels of focal adhesions and intermediate filaments compared with cells on stiff substrates. This research will aid in designing novel biomaterials for the culture and transplantation of corneal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Masterton
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Ahearne
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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26
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Świerczek-Lasek B, Keremidarska-Markova M, Hristova-Panusheva K, Vladkova T, Ciemerych MA, Archacka K, Krasteva N. Polydimethylsiloxane materials with supraphysiological elasticity enable differentiation of myogenic cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:2619-2628. [PMID: 31376316 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myogenic differentiation during muscle regeneration is guided by various physical and biochemical factors. Recently, substratum elasticity has gained attention as a physical signal that influences both cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. In this work, we investigated the influence of substratum elasticity on proliferation and differentiation of myogenic cells, mouse myoblasts of the C2C12 cell line and mouse primary myoblasts derived from satellite cells-muscle stem cells playing key role in muscle regeneration. Materials with different elastic moduli within the MPa scale based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were used as cell substratum and characterized for surface roughness, wettability, and micromechanical characteristics. We found that surface properties of PDMS substrates are alter nonlinearly with the increase of the material's elastic modulus. Using this system we provide an evidence that materials with elastic modulus higher than that of physiological skeletal muscle tissue do not perturb myogenic differentiation of both types of myoblasts; thus, can be used as biomaterials for muscle tissue engineering. PDMS materials with elasticity within the range of 2.5-4 MPa may transiently limit the proliferation of myoblasts, but not the efficiency of their differentiation. Direct correlation between substratum elasticity and myogenic differentiation efficiency was not observed but the other surface properties of the PDMS materials such as nanoroughness and wettability were also diverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Świerczek-Lasek
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milena Keremidarska-Markova
- Department of Electroinduced and Adhesive Properties, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kamelia Hristova-Panusheva
- Department of Electroinduced and Adhesive Properties, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Todorka Vladkova
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Anna Ciemerych
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Archacka
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Krasteva
- Department of Electroinduced and Adhesive Properties, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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27
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Gouveia RM, Lepert G, Gupta S, Mohan RR, Paterson C, Connon CJ. Assessment of corneal substrate biomechanics and its effect on epithelial stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1496. [PMID: 30944320 PMCID: PMC6447573 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst demonstrated extensively in vitro, the control of cell behaviour via modulation of substrate compliance in live tissues has not been accomplished to date. Here we propose that stem cells can be regulated solely through in situ modulation of tissue biomechanics. By first establishing, via high-resolution Brillouin spectro-microscopy, that the outer edge (limbus) of live human corneas has a substantially lower bulk modulus compared to their centre, we then demonstrate that this difference is associated with limbal epithelial stem cell (LESC) residence and YAP-dependent mechanotransduction. This phenotype-through-biomechanics correlation is further explored in vivo using a rabbit alkali burn model. Specifically, we show that treating the burnt surface of the cornea with collagenase effectively restores the tissue's mechanical properties and its capacity to support LESCs through mechanisms involving YAP suppression. Overall, these findings have extended implications for understanding stem cell niche biomechanics and its impact on tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M Gouveia
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Guillaume Lepert
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BW, UK
| | - Suneel Gupta
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, MO, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, MO, USA
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, MO, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, MO, USA
| | - Carl Paterson
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BW, UK
| | - Che J Connon
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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28
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Kim S, Thomasy SM, Raghunathan VK, Teixeira LB, Moshiri A, FitzGerald P, Murphy CJ. Ocular phenotypic consequences of a single copy deletion of the Yap1 gene ( Yap1 +/-) in mice. Mol Vis 2019; 25:129-142. [PMID: 30820148 PMCID: PMC6382475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the effects of a single copy deletion of Yap1 (Yap1 +/-) in the mouse eye, the ocular phenotypic consequences of Yap1 +/- were determined in detail. METHODS Complete ophthalmic examinations, as well as corneal esthesiometry, the phenol red thread test, intraocular pressure, and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography were performed on Yap1 +/- and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice between eyelid opening (2 weeks after birth) and adulthood (2 months and 1 year after birth). Following euthanasia, enucleated eyes were characterized histologically. RESULTS Microphthalmia with small palpebral fissures, corneal fibrosis, and reduced corneal sensation were common findings in the Yap1 +/- mice. Generalized corneal fibrosis precluded clinical examination of the posterior structures. Histologically, thinning and keratinization of the corneal epithelium were observed in the Yap1 +/- mice in comparison with the WT mice. Distorted collagen fiber arrangement and hypercellularity of keratocytes were observed in the stroma. Descemet's membrane was extremely thin and lacked an endothelial layer in the Yap1 +/- mice. The iris was adherent to the posterior cornea along most of its surface creating a distorted contour. Most of the Yap1 +/- eyes were microphakic with swollen fibers and bladder cells. The retinas of the Yap1 +/- mice were normal at 2 weeks and 2 months of age, but the presence of retinal abnormalities, including retinoschisis and detachment, was markedly increased in the Yap1 +/- mice at 1 year of age. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the heterozygous deletion of the Yap1 gene in mice leads to complex ocular abnormalities, including microphthalmia, corneal fibrosis, anterior segment dysgenesis, and cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Kim
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Vijay Krishna Raghunathan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX,The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Leandro B.C. Teixeira
- Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Ala Moshiri
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Paul FitzGerald
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA,Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
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Milenkovic U, Ilg MM, Zuccato C, Ramazani Y, De Ridder D, Albersen M. Simvastatin and the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 prevent myofibroblast transformation in Peyronie's disease-derived fibroblasts via inhibition of YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation. BJU Int 2019; 123:703-715. [PMID: 30536599 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To uncover the anti-myofibroblast (MFB) properties of Rho-kinase inhibitor (compound Y-27632) and simvastatin in an in vitro model of Peyronie's disease (PD), a sexually debilitating disease caused by an irreversible fibrotic plaque in the penile tunica albuginea (TA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary human fibroblasts (FBs) were isolated from surgically obtained TA tissue from patients with PD. To induce MFB status, cells were stimulated with 3 ng/mL transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Increasing doses of Y-27632 and simvastatin were added. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to assess mRNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen III, elastin and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) after 72 h. Western blot analysis was used to quantify α-SMA protein contents, and immunofluorescence (IF) was used to visualize MFB differentiation by staining for α-SMA after 72 h. A resazurin-based assay was used to assess cell viability to ensure the anti-MFB effect of the drugs. A mechanistic study was performed using IF staining for YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation. RESULTS After 72 h of stimulation with TGF-β1, a six- to 10-fold upregulation of α-SMA could be observed. When treated with Y-27632 or simvastatin, the α-SMA, collagen III, elastin and CTGF mRNA expression was impeded. Additionally, TGF-β1 stimulation showed a twofold increase in α-SMA protein expression, which was reversed to non-stimulated levels after treatment with Y-27632 and simvastatin. Using IF, stimulated cells were identified as MFB (α-SMA+, Vim+) as opposed to the non-stimulated, Y-27632- and simvastatin-treated cells (α-SMA-, Vim+). The resazurin-based assay confirmed that the cell viability was not compromised by the administered drugs. On stimulation with TGF-β1, nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ could be observed, which was prevented by adding the aforementioned compounds. CONCLUSION Transformation of FBs into the contractile and extracellular matrix-producing MFBs occurs after TGF-β1 stimulation. In our experiments, Rho-kinase inhibition and simvastatin treatment were shown to prevent this in TGF-β1-stimulated cells on an RNA and protein level through the inhibition of YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation. Y-27632 and simvastatin could become a novel treatment option in the early treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uros Milenkovic
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcus M Ilg
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Carola Zuccato
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Yasaman Ramazani
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Growth and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Albersen
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Masterton S, Ahearne M. Mechanobiology of the corneal epithelium. Exp Eye Res 2018; 177:122-129. [PMID: 30086260 PMCID: PMC6280025 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There has been a drive to develop new cell based therapies to treat corneal blindness, one of the most common causes of blindness worldwide. Mechanical and physical cues are known to regulate the behavior of many cell types, however studies examining these effects on corneal epithelial cells have been limited in number and their findings have not previously been amalgamated and contrasted. Here, we provide an overview of the different types of mechanical stimuli to which the corneal epithelium is exposed and the influence that these have on the cells. Shear stress from the tear film motion and blinking, extracellular matrix stiffness and external physical forces such as eye rubbing and contact lens wear are among some of the forms of mechanical stimuli that the epithelium experiences. In vivo and in vitro studies examining the mechanobiology on corneal epithelial cells under differing mechanical environments are explored. A greater understanding of the mechanobiology of the corneal epithelium has the potential to lead to improved tissue engineering and cell based therapies to repair and regenerate damaged cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Masterton
- Dept of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Ahearne
- Dept of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland.
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31
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Zhu JY, Lin S, Ye J. YAP and TAZ, the conductors that orchestrate eye development, homeostasis, and disease. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:246-258. [PMID: 30094836 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional coactivators established as a nexus in numerous signaling pathways, notably in Hippo signaling. Previous research revealed multifarious function of YAP and TAZ in oncology and cardiovasology. Recently, the focus has been laid on their pivotal role in eye morphogenesis and homeostasis. In this review, we synthesize advances of YAP and TAZ function during eye development in different model organisms, introduce their function in different ocular tissues and eye diseases, and highlight the potential for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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32
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Ramazani Y, Knops N, Elmonem MA, Nguyen TQ, Arcolino FO, van den Heuvel L, Levtchenko E, Kuypers D, Goldschmeding R. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) from basics to clinics. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:44-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Gopinath M, Di Liddo R, Marotta F, Murugesan R, Banerjee A, Sriramulu S, Jothimani G, Subramaniam VD, Narasimhan S, Priya K S, Sun XF, Pathak S. Role of Hippo Pathway Effector Tafazzin Protein in Maintaining Stemness of Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (UC-MSC). Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2018; 12:153-165. [PMID: 30233778 PMCID: PMC6141435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tafazzin (TAZ) protein has been upregulated in various types of human cancers, although the basis for elevation is uncertain, it has been made definite that the effect of mutation in the hippo pathway, particularly when it is switched off, considerably activates tafazzin transcriptionally and thus this results in tissue or tumor overgrowth. Recent perceptions into the activity of tafazzin, have ascribed to it, a role as stem cell factor in mouse mesenchymal and as well as in neural stem cells. Being a downstream molecule in Hippo signalling, phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of tafazzin gene regulates its transcriptional activity and the stemness of mesenchymal stem cells. Commonly, extracellular matrix controls the stem cell fate commitment and perhaps tafazzin controls stemness through altering the extra cellular matrix. Extracellular matrix is generally made up of prime proteoglycans and the fate stabilization of the resulting lineages is surveilled by engineering these glycans. Tafazzin degradation and addition of proteoglycans affect physical attributes of the extracellular matrix that drives cell differentiation into various lineages. Thus, tafazzin along with major glycans present in the extracellular matrix is involved in imparting stemness. However, there are incoherent molecular events, wherein both tafazzin and the extracellular matrix components, together either activate or inhibit differentiation of stem cells. This review discusses about the role of tafazzin oncoprotein as a stemness factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumala Gopinath
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
| | - Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Marotta
- ReGenera R&D International for Aging Intervention, Milano-Beijing, Italy-China, VCC Preventive Medical Promotion Foundation, Beijing, China
| | - Ramachandran Murugesan
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
| | - Sushmitha Sriramulu
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
| | - Ganesan Jothimani
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
| | - Vimala Devi Subramaniam
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
| | - Srinivasan Narasimhan
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
| | - Swarna Priya K
- Department of Gynecology and Pediatrics, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Department of Oncology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
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Holt R, Ceroni F, Bax DA, Broadgate S, Diaz DG, Santos C, Gerrelli D, Ragge NK. New variant and expression studies provide further insight into the genotype-phenotype correlation in YAP1-related developmental eye disorders. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7975. [PMID: 28801591 PMCID: PMC5554234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08397-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
YAP1, which encodes the Yes-associated protein 1, is part of the Hippo pathway involved in development, growth, repair and homeostasis. Nonsense YAP1 mutations have been shown to co-segregate with autosomal dominantly inherited coloboma. Therefore, we screened YAP1 for variants in a cohort of 258 undiagnosed UK patients with developmental eye disorders, including anophthalmia, microphthalmia and coloboma. We identified a novel 1 bp deletion in YAP1 in a boy with bilateral microphthalmia and bilateral chorioretinal coloboma. This variant is located in the coding region of all nine YAP1 spliceforms, and results in a frameshift and subsequent premature termination codon in each. The variant is predicted to result in the loss of part of the transactivation domain of YAP1, and sequencing of cDNA from the patient shows it does not result in nonsense mediated decay. To investigate the role of YAP1 in human eye development, we performed in situ hybridisation utilising human embryonic tissue, and observed expression in the developing eye, neural tube, brain and kidney. These findings help confirm the role of YAP1 and the Hippo developmental pathway in human eye development and its associated anomalies and demonstrate its expression during development in affected organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Holt
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - F Ceroni
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - D A Bax
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - S Broadgate
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D Gold Diaz
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Santos
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Gerrelli
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - N K Ragge
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK. .,Clinical Genetics Unit, West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
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35
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Abagnale G, Sechi A, Steger M, Zhou Q, Kuo CC, Aydin G, Schalla C, Müller-Newen G, Zenke M, Costa IG, van Rijn P, Gillner A, Wagner W. Surface Topography Guides Morphology and Spatial Patterning of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Colonies. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:654-666. [PMID: 28757164 PMCID: PMC5550028 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of topographic cues for commitment of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that groove-ridge structures with a periodicity in the submicrometer range induce elongation of iPSC colonies, guide the orientation of apical actin fibers, and direct the polarity of cell division. Elongation of iPSC colonies impacts also on their intrinsic molecular patterning, which seems to be orchestrated from the rim of the colonies. BMP4-induced differentiation is enhanced in elongated colonies, and the submicron grooves impact on the spatial modulation of YAP activity upon induction with this morphogen. Interestingly, TAZ, a YAP paralog, shows distinct cytoskeletal localization in iPSCs. These findings demonstrate that topography can guide orientation and organization of iPSC colonies, which may affect the interaction between mechanosensors and mechanotransducers in iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Abagnale
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Antonio Sechi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Steger
- Laser Technology (ILT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Qihui Zhou
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Biomedical Engineering Department-FB40, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chao-Chung Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; IZKF Bioinformatics Research Group, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gülcan Aydin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carmen Schalla
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; IZKF Bioinformatics Research Group, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering Science (AICES), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Biomedical Engineering Department-FB40, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arnold Gillner
- Laser Technology (ILT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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36
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Ali M, Raghunathan V, Li JY, Murphy CJ, Thomasy SM. Biomechanical relationships between the corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane. Exp Eye Res 2016; 152:57-70. [PMID: 27639516 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The posterior face of the cornea consists of the corneal endothelium, a monolayer of cuboidal cells that secrete and attach to Descemet's membrane, an exaggerated basement membrane. Dysfunction of the endothelium compromises the barrier and pump functions of this layer that maintain corneal deturgesence. A large number of corneal endothelial dystrophies feature irregularities in Descemet's membrane, suggesting that cells create and respond to the biophysical signals offered by their underlying matrix. This review provides an overview of the bidirectional relationship between Descemet's membrane and the corneal endothelium. Several experimental methods have characterized a richly topographic and compliant biophysical microenvironment presented by the posterior surface of Descemet's membrane, as well as the ultrastructure and composition of the membrane as it builds during a lifetime. We highlight the signaling pathways involved in the mechanotransduction of biophysical cues that influence cell behavior. We present the specific example of Fuchs' corneal endothelial dystrophy as a condition in which a dysregulated Descemet's membrane may influence the progression of disease. Finally, we discuss some disease models and regenerative strategies that may facilitate improved treatments for corneal dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ali
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - VijayKrishna Raghunathan
- The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Jennifer Y Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Christopher J Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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37
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van Setten GB, Trost A, Schrödl F, Kaser-Eichberger A, Bogner B, van Setten M, Heindl LM, Grabner G, Reitsamer HA. Immunohistochemical Detection of CTGF in the Human Eye. Curr Eye Res 2016; 41:1571-1579. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2016.1143014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Trost
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Falk Schrödl
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Bogner
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Ludwig M. Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Günther Grabner
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert A. Reitsamer
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, Salzburg, Austria
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