1
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Shaikh Qureshi WM, Hentges KE. Functions of cilia in cardiac development and disease. Ann Hum Genet 2024; 88:4-26. [PMID: 37872827 PMCID: PMC10952336 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Errors in embryonic cardiac development are a leading cause of congenital heart defects (CHDs), including morphological abnormalities of the heart that are often detected after birth. In the past few decades, an emerging role for cilia in the pathogenesis of CHD has been identified, but this topic still largely remains an unexplored area. Mouse forward genetic screens and whole exome sequencing analysis of CHD patients have identified enrichment for de novo mutations in ciliary genes or non-ciliary genes, which regulate cilia-related pathways, linking cilia function to aberrant cardiac development. Key events in cardiac morphogenesis, including left-right asymmetric development of the heart, are dependent upon cilia function. Cilia dysfunction during left-right axis formation contributes to CHD as evidenced by the substantial proportion of heterotaxy patients displaying complex CHD. Cilia-transduced signaling also regulates later events during heart development such as cardiac valve formation, outflow tract septation, ventricle development, and atrioventricular septa formation. In this review, we summarize the role of motile and non-motile (primary cilia) in cardiac asymmetry establishment and later events during heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasay Mohiuddin Shaikh Qureshi
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Kathryn E. Hentges
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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2
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Gopalakrishnan J, Feistel K, Friedrich BM, Grapin‐Botton A, Jurisch‐Yaksi N, Mass E, Mick DU, Müller R, May‐Simera H, Schermer B, Schmidts M, Walentek P, Wachten D. Emerging principles of primary cilia dynamics in controlling tissue organization and function. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113891. [PMID: 37743763 PMCID: PMC10620770 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia project from the surface of most vertebrate cells and are key in sensing extracellular signals and locally transducing this information into a cellular response. Recent findings show that primary cilia are not merely static organelles with a distinct lipid and protein composition. Instead, the function of primary cilia relies on the dynamic composition of molecules within the cilium, the context-dependent sensing and processing of extracellular stimuli, and cycles of assembly and disassembly in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. Thereby, primary cilia dynamically integrate different cellular inputs and control cell fate and function during tissue development. Here, we review the recently emerging concept of primary cilia dynamics in tissue development, organization, remodeling, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Institute for Human Genetics, Heinrich‐Heine‐UniversitätUniversitätsklinikum DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Kerstin Feistel
- Department of Zoology, Institute of BiologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | | | - Anne Grapin‐Botton
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at The University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Nathalie Jurisch‐Yaksi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Elvira Mass
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Developmental Biology of the Immune SystemUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - David U Mick
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB)Saarland School of MedicineHomburgGermany
| | - Roman‐Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Helen May‐Simera
- Institute of Molecular PhysiologyJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Miriam Schmidts
- Pediatric Genetics Division, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- CIBSS‐Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Peter Walentek
- CIBSS‐Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Renal Division, Internal Medicine IV, Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical FacultyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
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3
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Batcher K, Varney S, Affolter VK, Friedenberg SG, Bannasch D. An SNN retrocopy insertion upstream of GPR22 is associated with dark red coat color in Poodles. G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2022; 12:6680184. [PMID: 36047852 PMCID: PMC9635648 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pigment production and distribution is controlled through multiple genes, resulting in a wide range of coat color phenotypes in dogs. Dogs that produce only the pheomelanin pigment vary in intensity from white to deep red. The Poodle breed has a wide range of officially recognized coat colors, including the pheomelanin-based white, cream, apricot, and red coat colors, which are not fully explained by the previously identified genetic variants involved in pigment intensity. Here, a genome-wide association study for pheomelanin intensity was performed in Poodles which identified an association on canine chromosome 18. Whole-genome sequencing data revealed an SNN retrocopy insertion (SNNL1) in apricot and red Poodles within the associated region on chromosome 18. While equal numbers of melanocytes were observed in all Poodle skin hair bulbs, higher melanin content was observed in the darker Poodles. Several genes involved in melanogenesis were also identified as highly overexpressed in red Poodle skin. The most differentially expressed gene however was GPR22, which was highly expressed in red Poodle skin while unexpressed in white Poodle skin (log2 fold change in expression 6.1, P < 0.001). GPR22 is an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor normally expressed exclusively in the brain and heart. The SNNL1 retrocopy inserted 2.8 kb upstream of GPR22 and is likely disrupting regulation of the gene, resulting in atypical expression in the skin. Thus, we identify the SNNL1 insertion as a candidate variant for the CFA18 pheomelanin intensity locus in red Poodles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Batcher
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California , Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Scarlett Varney
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California , Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Verena K Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, University of California, Davis , Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steven G Friedenberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota , St Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Danika Bannasch
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California , Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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4
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Alhassen W, Chen S, Vawter M, Robbins BK, Nguyen H, Myint TN, Saito Y, Schulmann A, Nauli SM, Civelli O, Baldi P, Alachkar A. Patterns of cilia gene dysregulations in major psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110255. [PMID: 33508383 PMCID: PMC9121176 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia function as cells' antennas to detect and transduce external stimuli and play crucial roles in cell signaling and communication. The vast majority of cilia genes that are causally linked with ciliopathies are also associated with neurological deficits, such as cognitive impairments. Yet, the roles of cilia dysfunctions in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders have not been studied. Our aim is to identify patterns of cilia gene dysregulation in the four major psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia (SCZ), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BP), and major depressive disorder (MDD). For this purpose, we acquired differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the largest and most recent publicly available databases. We found that 42%, 24%, 17%, and 15% of brain-expressed cilia genes were significantly differentially expressed in SCZ, ASD, BP, and MDD, respectively. Several genes exhibited cross-disorder overlap, suggesting that typical cilia signaling pathways' dysfunctions determine susceptibility to more than one psychiatric disorder or may partially underlie their pathophysiology. Our study revealed that genes encoding proteins of almost all sub-cilia structural and functional compartments were dysregulated in the four psychiatric disorders. Strikingly, the genes of 75% of cilia GPCRs and 50% of the transition zone proteins were differentially expressed in SCZ. The present study is the first to draw associations between cilia and major psychiatric disorders, and is the first step toward understanding the role that cilia components play in their pathophysiological processes, which may lead to novel therapeutic targets for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wedad Alhassen
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA,Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California-Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Marquis Vawter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Brianna Kay Robbins
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Henry Nguyen
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Thant Nyi Myint
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yumiko Saito
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Anton Schulmann
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, BETHESDA MD 20814, USA
| | - Surya M. Nauli
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, California 92618, USA
| | - Olivier Civelli
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-Irvine, CA 92697, USA,Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California-Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA,Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California-Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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5
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Walter NAR, Zheng CL, Searles RP, McWeeney SK, Grant KA, Hitzemann R. Chronic Voluntary Ethanol Drinking in Cynomolgus Macaques Elicits Gene Expression Changes in Prefrontal Cortical Area 46. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:470-478. [PMID: 31840818 PMCID: PMC7018568 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide profiling to examine brain transcriptional features associated with excessive ethanol (EtOH) consumption has been applied to a variety of species including rodents, nonhuman primates (NHPs), and humans. However, these data were obtained from cross-sectional samples which are particularly vulnerable to individual variation when obtained from small outbred populations typical of human and NHP studies. In the current study, a novel within-subject design was used to examine the effects of voluntary EtOH consumption on prefrontal cortex (PFC) gene expression in a NHP model. METHODS Two cohorts of cynomolgus macaques (n = 23) underwent a schedule-induced polydipsia procedure to establish EtOH self-administration followed by 6 months of daily open access to EtOH (4% w/v) and water. Individual daily EtOH intakes ranged from an average of 0.7 to 3.7 g/kg/d. Dorsal lateral PFC area 46 (A46) brain biopsies were collected in EtOH-naïve and control monkeys; contralateral A46 biopsies were collected from the same monkeys following the 6 months of fluid consumption. Gene expression changes were assessed using RNA-Seq paired analysis, which allowed for correction of individual baseline differences in gene expression. RESULTS A total of 675 genes were significantly down-regulated following EtOH consumption; these were functionally enriched for immune response, cell adhesion, plasma membrane, and extracellular matrix. A total of 567 genes that were up-regulated following EtOH consumption were enriched in microRNA target sites and included target sites associated with Toll-like receptor pathways. The differentially expressed genes were also significantly enriched in transcription factor binding sites. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here are the first to use a longitudinal biopsy strategy to examine how chronic EtOH consumption affects gene expression in the primate PFC. Prominent effects were seen in both cell adhesion and neuroimmune pathways; the latter contained both pro- and antiinflammatory genes. The data also indicate that changes in miRNAs and transcription factors may be important epigenetic regulators of EtOH consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A R Walter
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Christina L Zheng
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Robert P Searles
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shannon K McWeeney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kathleen A Grant
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Robert Hitzemann
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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6
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The role of GPCRs in bone diseases and dysfunctions. Bone Res 2019; 7:19. [PMID: 31646011 PMCID: PMC6804689 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) contains immense structural and functional diversity and mediates a myriad of biological processes upon activation by various extracellular signals. Critical roles of GPCRs have been established in bone development, remodeling, and disease. Multiple human GPCR mutations impair bone development or metabolism, resulting in osteopathologies. Here we summarize the disease phenotypes and dysfunctions caused by GPCR gene mutations in humans as well as by deletion in animals. To date, 92 receptors (5 glutamate family, 67 rhodopsin family, 5 adhesion, 4 frizzled/taste2 family, 5 secretin family, and 6 other 7TM receptors) have been associated with bone diseases and dysfunctions (36 in humans and 72 in animals). By analyzing data from these 92 GPCRs, we found that mutation or deletion of different individual GPCRs could induce similar bone diseases or dysfunctions, and the same individual GPCR mutation or deletion could induce different bone diseases or dysfunctions in different populations or animal models. Data from human diseases or dysfunctions identified 19 genes whose mutation was associated with human BMD: 9 genes each for human height and osteoporosis; 4 genes each for human osteoarthritis (OA) and fracture risk; and 2 genes each for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), periodontitis, osteosarcoma growth, and tooth development. Reports from gene knockout animals found 40 GPCRs whose deficiency reduced bone mass, while deficiency of 22 GPCRs increased bone mass and BMD; deficiency of 8 GPCRs reduced body length, while 5 mice had reduced femur size upon GPCR deletion. Furthermore, deficiency in 6 GPCRs induced osteoporosis; 4 induced osteoarthritis; 3 delayed fracture healing; 3 reduced arthritis severity; and reduced bone strength, increased bone strength, and increased cortical thickness were each observed in 2 GPCR-deficiency models. The ever-expanding number of GPCR mutation-associated diseases warrants accelerated molecular analysis, population studies, and investigation of phenotype correlation with SNPs to elucidate GPCR function in human diseases.
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7
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Wang P, Xia P, Yang J, Wang Z, Peng Y, Shi W, Villeneuve DL, Yu H, Zhang X. A Reduced Transcriptome Approach to Assess Environmental Toxicants Using Zebrafish Embryo Test. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:821-830. [PMID: 29224359 PMCID: PMC5839301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Omics approaches can monitor responses and alterations of biological pathways at genome-scale, which are useful to predict potential adverse effects by environmental toxicants. However, high throughput application of transcriptomics in chemical assessment is limited due to the high cost and lack of "standardized" toxicogenomic methods. Here, a reduced zebrafish transcriptome (RZT) approach was developed to represent the whole transcriptome and to profile bioactivity of chemical and environmental mixtures in zebrafish embryo. RZT gene set of 1637 zebrafish Entrez genes was designed to cover a wide range of biological processes, and to faithfully capture gene-level and pathway-level changes by toxicants compared with the whole transcriptome. Concentration-response modeling was used to calculate the effect concentrations (ECs) of DEGs and corresponding molecular pathways. To validate the RZT approach, quantitative analysis of gene expression by RNA-ampliseq technology was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 32 hpf following exposure to seven serial dilutions of reference chemical BPA (10-10E-5μM) or each of four water samples ranging from wastewater to drinking water (relative enrichment factors 10-6.4 × 10-4). The RZT-ampliseq-embryo approach was both sensitive and able to identify a wide spectrum of biological activities associated with BPA exposure. Water quality was benchmarked based on the sensitivity distribution curve of biological pathways detected using RZT-ampliseq-embryo. Finally, the most sensitive biological pathways were identified, including those linked with adverse reproductive outcomes, genotoxicity and development outcomes. RZT-ampliseq-embryo approach provides an efficient and cost-effective tool to prioritize toxicants based on responsiveness of biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China, 210023
| | - Pu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China, 210023
| | - Jianghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China, 210023
| | - Zhihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China, 210023
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China, 210023
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China, 210023
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China, 210023
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China, 210023
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8
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Primary Cilium-Dependent Signaling Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112272. [PMID: 29143784 PMCID: PMC5713242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are hair-like organelles and play crucial roles in vertebrate development, organogenesis, health, and many genetic disorders. A primary cilium is a mechano-sensory organelle that responds to mechanical stimuli in the micro-environment. A cilium is also a chemosensor that senses chemical signals surrounding a cell. The overall function of a cilium is therefore to act as a communication hub to transfer extracellular signals into intracellular responses. Although intracellular calcium has been one of the most studied signaling messengers that transmit extracellular signals into the cells, calcium signaling by various ion channels remains a topic of interest in the field. This may be due to a broad spectrum of cilia functions that are dependent on or independent of utilizing calcium as a second messenger. We therefore revisit and discuss the calcium-dependent and calcium-independent ciliary signaling pathways of Hedgehog, Wnt, PDGFR, Notch, TGF-β, mTOR, OFD1 autophagy, and other GPCR-associated signaling. All of these signaling pathways play crucial roles in various cellular processes, such as in organ and embryonic development, cardiac functioning, planar cell polarity, transactivation, differentiation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, tissue homeostasis, and the immune response.
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9
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Elmonem MA, Khalil R, Khodaparast L, Khodaparast L, Arcolino FO, Morgan J, Pastore A, Tylzanowski P, Ny A, Lowe M, de Witte PA, Baelde HJ, van den Heuvel LP, Levtchenko E. Cystinosis (ctns) zebrafish mutant shows pronephric glomerular and tubular dysfunction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42583. [PMID: 28198397 PMCID: PMC5309805 DOI: 10.1038/srep42583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human ubiquitous protein cystinosin is responsible for transporting the disulphide amino acid cystine from the lysosomal compartment into the cytosol. In humans, Pathogenic mutations of CTNS lead to defective cystinosin function, intralysosomal cystine accumulation and the development of cystinosis. Kidneys are initially affected with generalized proximal tubular dysfunction (renal Fanconi syndrome), then the disease rapidly affects glomeruli and progresses towards end stage renal failure and multiple organ dysfunction. Animal models of cystinosis are limited, with only a Ctns knockout mouse reported, showing cystine accumulation and late signs of tubular dysfunction but lacking the glomerular phenotype. We established and characterized a mutant zebrafish model with a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.706 C > T; p.Q236X) in exon 8 of ctns. Cystinotic mutant larvae showed cystine accumulation, delayed development, and signs of pronephric glomerular and tubular dysfunction mimicking the early phenotype of human cystinotic patients. Furthermore, cystinotic larvae showed a significantly increased rate of apoptosis that could be ameliorated with cysteamine, the human cystine depleting therapy. Our data demonstrate that, ctns gene is essential for zebrafish pronephric podocyte and proximal tubular function and that the ctns-mutant can be used for studying the disease pathogenic mechanisms and for testing novel therapies for cystinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Elmonem
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology &Growth and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ramzi Khalil
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Ladan Khodaparast
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Switch Laboratory, VIB, University Hospitals Leuven KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laleh Khodaparast
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Switch Laboratory, VIB, University Hospitals Leuven KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fanny O Arcolino
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology &Growth and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseph Morgan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Pastore
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Children's Hospital and Research Institute "Bambino Gesù" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Annelii Ny
- Laboratory for Molecular Bio-discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin Lowe
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Bio-discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans J Baelde
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus P van den Heuvel
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology &Growth and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology &Growth and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Atkinson KF, Kathem SH, Jin X, Muntean BS, Abou-Alaiwi WA, Nauli AM, Nauli SM. Dopaminergic signaling within the primary cilia in the renovascular system. Front Physiol 2015; 6:103. [PMID: 25932013 PMCID: PMC4399208 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of dopamine receptor type-5 (DR5) has been known to reduce systemic blood pressure, most likely by increasing renal vasodilation and enhancing natriuresis in the kidney. However, the mechanism of DR5 in natriuresis and vasodilation was not clearly known. We have previously shown that DR5 is localized to primary cilia of proximal renal epithelial and vascular endothelial cells. We here show that selective activation of DR5 specifically induces calcium influx only in the primary cilia, whereas non-selective activation of dopamine receptor induces calcium fluxes in both cilioplasm and cytoplasm. Cilia-independent signaling induced by thrombin only shows calcium signaling within cytoplasm. Furthermore, calcium activation in the cilioplasm by DR5 increases length and mechanosensory function of primary cilia, leading to a greater response to fluid-shear stress. We therefore propose a new mechanism by which DR5 induces vasodilation via chemical and mechanical properties that are specific to primary cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly F Atkinson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sarmed H Kathem
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xingjian Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Brian S Muntean
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Wissam A Abou-Alaiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Andromeda M Nauli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Northstate University Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Surya M Nauli
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University Irvine, CA, USA
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