1
|
Adaptive mechanoproperties mediated by the formin FMN1 characterize glioblastoma fitness for invasion. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2841-2855.e8. [PMID: 34559979 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma are heterogeneous tumors composed of highly invasive and highly proliferative clones. Heterogeneity in invasiveness could emerge from discrete biophysical properties linked to specific molecular expression. We identified clones of patient-derived glioma propagating cells that were either highly proliferative or highly invasive and compared their cellular architecture, migratory, and biophysical properties. We discovered that invasiveness was linked to cellular fitness. The most invasive cells were stiffer, developed higher mechanical forces on the substrate, and moved stochastically. The mechano-chemical-induced expression of the formin FMN1 conferred invasive strength that was confirmed in patient samples. Moreover, FMN1 expression was also linked to motility in other cancer and normal cell lines, and its ectopic expression increased fitness parameters. Mechanistically, FMN1 acts from the microtubule lattice and promotes a robust mechanical cohesion, leading to highly invasive motility.
Collapse
|
2
|
Curry RN, Glasgow SM. The Role of Neurodevelopmental Pathways in Brain Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659055. [PMID: 34012965 PMCID: PMC8127784 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions to developmental cell signaling pathways and transcriptional cascades have been implicated in tumor initiation, maintenance and progression. Resurgence of aberrant neurodevelopmental programs in the context of brain tumors highlights the numerous parallels that exist between developmental and oncologic mechanisms. A deeper understanding of how dysregulated developmental factors contribute to brain tumor oncogenesis and disease progression will help to identify potential therapeutic targets for these malignancies. In this review, we summarize the current literature concerning developmental signaling cascades and neurodevelopmentally-regulated transcriptional programs. We also examine their respective contributions towards tumor initiation, maintenance, and progression in both pediatric and adult brain tumors and highlight relevant differentiation therapies and putative candidates for prospective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N. Curry
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, TX, United States
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stacey M. Glasgow
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Szu J, Wojcinski A, Jiang P, Kesari S. Impact of the Olig Family on Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:659601. [PMID: 33859549 PMCID: PMC8042229 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.659601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Olig genes encode members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. Olig1, Olig2, and Olig3 are expressed in both the developing and mature central nervous system (CNS) and strictly regulate cellular specification and differentiation. Extensive studies have established functional roles of Olig1 and Olig2 in directing neuronal and glial formation during different stages in development. Recently, Olig2 overexpression was implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders down syndrome (DS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but its influence on cognitive and intellectual defects remains unknown. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of the Olig family and how it uniquely promotes cellular diversity in the CNS. This is followed up with a discussion on how abnormal Olig2 expression impacts brain development and function in DS and ASD. Collectively, the studies described here emphasize vital features of the Olig members and their distinctive potential roles in neurodevelopmental disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Szu
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Alexandre Wojcinski
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States.,Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gargini R, Segura-Collar B, Herránz B, García-Escudero V, Romero-Bravo A, Núñez FJ, García-Pérez D, Gutiérrez-Guamán J, Ayuso-Sacido A, Seoane J, Pérez-Núñez A, Sepúlveda-Sánchez JM, Hernández-Laín A, Castro MG, García-Escudero R, Ávila J, Sánchez-Gómez P. The IDH-TAU-EGFR triad defines the neovascular landscape of diffuse gliomas. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/527/eaax1501. [PMID: 31969485 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas that express the mutated isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) have better prognosis than wild-type (wt) IDH1/2 gliomas. However, how these mutant (mut) proteins affect the tumor microenvironment is still a pending question. Here, we describe that the transcription of microtubule-associated protein TAU (MAPT), a gene that has been classically associated with neurodegenerative diseases, is epigenetically controlled by the balance between wt and mut IDH1/2 in mouse and human gliomas. In IDH1/2 mut tumors, we found high expression of TAU that decreased with tumor progression. Furthermore, MAPT was almost absent from tumors with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, whereas its trancription negatively correlated with overall survival in gliomas carrying wt or amplified (amp) EGFR We demonstrated that the overexpression of TAU, through the stabilization of microtubules, impaired the mesenchymal/pericyte-like transformation of glioma cells by blocking EGFR, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-κB) and the transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). Our data also showed that mut EGFR induced a constitutive activation of this pathway, which was no longer sensitive to TAU. By inhibiting the transdifferentiation capacity of EGFRamp/wt tumor cells, TAU protein inhibited angiogenesis and favored vascular normalization, decreasing glioma aggressiveness and increasing their sensitivity to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gargini
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28049, Spain.,Neurooncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Berta Segura-Collar
- Neurooncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Beatriz Herránz
- Neurooncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC, Madrid 28220, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Vega García-Escudero
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28049, Spain.,Dto. de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Andrés Romero-Bravo
- Neurooncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Felipe J Núñez
- Department of Neurosurgery/Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel García-Pérez
- Dto. Neurocirugía, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Univ. Complutense, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | | | - Angel Ayuso-Sacido
- Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, HM Hospitales, Madrid 28015, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid 28925, Spain.,IMDEA Nanoscience, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Joan Seoane
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona 08035, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Angel Pérez-Núñez
- Dto. Neurocirugía, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Univ. Complutense, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | | | | | - María G Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery/Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ramón García-Escudero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hosp. 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain.,Unidad de Oncología Molecular, CIEMAT, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28049, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pilar Sánchez-Gómez
- Neurooncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC, Madrid 28220, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Datta S, Sears T, Cortopassi G, Woolard K, Angelastro JM. Repurposing FDA approved drugs inhibiting mitochondrial function for targeting glioma-stem like cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111058. [PMID: 33378970 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) tumors contain a small population of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) among the various differentiated GBM cells (d-GCs). GSCs drive tumor recurrence, and resistance to Temozolomide (TMZ), the standard of care (SoC) for GBM chemotherapy. In order to investigate a potential link between GSC specific mitochondria function and SoC resistance, two patient-derived GSC lines were evaluated for differences in their mitochondrial metabolism. In both the lines, GSCs had significantly lower mitochondrial -content, and -function compared to d-GCs. In vitro, the standard mitochondrial-specific inhibitors oligomycin A, antimycin A, and rotenone selectively inhibited GSC proliferation to a greater extent than d-GCs and human primary astrocytes. These findings indicate that mitochondrial inhibition can be a potential GSC-targeted therapeutic strategy in GBM with minimal off-target toxicity. Mechanistically the standard mitochondrial inhibitors elicit their GSC-selective cytotoxic effects through the induction of apoptosis or autophagy pathways. We tested for GSC proliferation in the presence of 3 safe FDA-approved drugs--trifluoperazine, mitoxantrone, and pyrvinium pamoate, all of which are also known mitochondrial-targeting agents. The SoC GBM therapeutic TMZ did not trigger cytotoxicity in glioma stem cells, even at 100 μM concentration. By contrast, trifluoperazine, mitoxantrone, and pyrvinium pamoate exerted antiproliferative effects in GSCs about 30-50 fold more effectively than temozolomide. Thus, we hereby demonstrate that FDA-approved mitochondrial inhibitors induce GSC-selective cytotoxicity, and targeting mitochondrial function could present a potential therapeutic option for GBM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Datta
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Sears
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gino Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Woolard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - James M Angelastro
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Novel mTORC1 Inhibitors Kill Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120419. [PMID: 33255358 PMCID: PMC7761300 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive tumor of the brain, with an average post-diagnosis survival of 15 months. GBM stem cells (GBMSC) resist the standard-of-care therapy, temozolomide, and are considered a major contributor to tumor resistance. Mammalian target of rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates cell proliferation and has been shown by others to have reduced activity in GBMSC. We recently identified a novel chemical series of human-safe piperazine-based brain-penetrant mTORC1-specific inhibitors. We assayed the piperazine-mTOR binding strength by two biophysical measurements, biolayer interferometry and field-effect biosensing, and these confirmed each other and demonstrated a structure-activity relationship. As mTORC1 is altered in human GBMSC, and as mTORC1 inhibitors have been tested in previous GBM clinical trials, we tested the killing potency of the tightest-binding piperazines and observed that these were potent GBMSC killers. GBMSCs are resistant to the standard-of-care temozolomide therapy, but temozolomide supplemented with tight-binding piperazine meclizine and flunarizine greatly enhanced GBMSC death over temozolomide alone. Lastly, we investigated IDH1-mutated GBMSC mutations that are known to affect mitochondrial and mTORC1 metabolism, and the tight-binding meclizine provoked 'synthetic lethality' in IDH1-mutant GBMSCs. In other words, IDH1-mutated GBMSC showed greater sensitivity to the coadministration of temozolomide and meclizine. These data tend to support a novel clinical strategy for GBM, i.e., the co-administration of meclizine or flunarizine as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of GBM and IDH1-mutant GBM.
Collapse
|
7
|
Khosla K, Naus CC, Sin WC. Cx43 in Neural Progenitors Promotes Glioma Invasion in a 3D Culture System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155216. [PMID: 32717889 PMCID: PMC7432065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The environment that envelops the cancer cells intimately affects the malignancy of human cancers. In the case of glioma, an aggressive adult brain cancer, its high rate of recurrence after total resection is responsible for a poor prognosis. Connexin43 (Cx43) is a gap junction protein with a prominent presence in glioma-associated normal brain cells, specifically in the reactive astrocytes. We previously demonstrated that elimination of Cx43 in these astrocytes reduces glioma invasion in a syngeneic mouse model. To further our investigation in human glioma cells, we developed a scaffold-free 3D platform that takes into account both the tumor and its interaction with the surrounding tissue. Using cell-tracking dyes and 3D laser scanning confocal microscopy, we now report that the elimination of Cx43 protein in neural progenitor spheroids reduced the invasiveness of human brain tumor-initiating cells, confirming our earlier observation in an intact mouse brain. By investigating the glioma invasion in a defined multicellular system with a tumor boundary that mimics the intact brain environment, our findings strengthen Cx43 as a candidate target for glioma control.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cellular Plasticity and Tumor Microenvironment in Gliomas: The Struggle to Hit a Moving Target. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061622. [PMID: 32570988 PMCID: PMC7352204 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors encompass a diverse group of neoplasias arising from different cell lineages. Tumors of glial origin have been the subject of intense research because of their rapid and fatal progression. From a clinical point of view, complete surgical resection of gliomas is highly difficult. Moreover, the remaining tumor cells are resistant to traditional therapies such as radio- or chemotherapy and tumors always recur. Here we have revised the new genetic and epigenetic classification of gliomas and the description of the different transcriptional subtypes. In order to understand the progression of the different gliomas we have focused on the interaction of the plastic tumor cells with their vasculature-rich microenvironment and with their distinct immune system. We believe that a comprehensive characterization of the glioma microenvironment will shed some light into why these tumors behave differently from other cancers. Furthermore, a novel classification of gliomas that could integrate the genetic background and the cellular ecosystems could have profound implications in the efficiency of current therapies as well as in the development of new treatments.
Collapse
|
9
|
Vollmann-Zwerenz A, Leidgens V, Feliciello G, Klein CA, Hau P. Tumor Cell Invasion in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061932. [PMID: 32178267 PMCID: PMC7139341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a particularly devastating tumor with a median survival of about 16 months. Recent research has revealed novel insights into the outstanding heterogeneity of this type of brain cancer. However, all GBM subtypes share the hallmark feature of aggressive invasion into the surrounding tissue. Invasive glioblastoma cells escape surgery and focal therapies and thus represent a major obstacle for curative therapy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of glioma invasion mechanisms with respect to tumor-cell-intrinsic properties as well as cues provided by the microenvironment. We discuss genetic programs that may influence the dissemination and plasticity of GBM cells as well as their different invasion patterns. We also review how tumor cells shape their microenvironment and how, vice versa, components of the extracellular matrix and factors from non-neoplastic cells influence tumor cell motility. We further discuss different research platforms for modeling invasion. Finally, we highlight the importance of accounting for the complex interplay between tumor cell invasion and treatment resistance in glioblastoma when considering new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arabel Vollmann-Zwerenz
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.V.-Z.); (V.L.)
| | - Verena Leidgens
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.V.-Z.); (V.L.)
| | - Giancarlo Feliciello
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (G.F.); (C.A.K.)
| | - Christoph A. Klein
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (G.F.); (C.A.K.)
- Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.V.-Z.); (V.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-941-8083; Fax: +49-941-941-363013
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bang-Christensen SR, Pedersen RS, Pereira MA, Clausen TM, Løppke C, Sand NT, Ahrens TD, Jørgensen AM, Lim YC, Goksøyr L, Choudhary S, Gustavsson T, Dagil R, Daugaard M, Sander AF, Torp MH, Søgaard M, Theander TG, Østrup O, Lassen U, Hamerlik P, Salanti A, Agerbæk MØ. Capture and Detection of Circulating Glioma Cells Using the Recombinant VAR2CSA Malaria Protein. Cells 2019; 8:E998. [PMID: 31466397 PMCID: PMC6769911 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Although extracranial metastases are rarely observed, recent studies have shown the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of glioma patients, confirming that a subset of tumor cells are capable of entering the circulation. The isolation and characterization of CTCs could provide a non-invasive method for repeated analysis of the mutational and phenotypic state of the tumor during the course of disease. However, the efficient detection of glioma CTCs has proven to be challenging due to the lack of consistently expressed tumor markers and high inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Thus, for this field to progress, an omnipresent but specific marker of glioma CTCs is required. In this article, we demonstrate how the recombinant malaria VAR2CSA protein (rVAR2) can be used for the capture and detection of glioma cell lines that are spiked into blood through binding to a cancer-specific oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS). When using rVAR2 pull-down from glioma cells, we identified a panel of proteoglycans, known to be essential for glioma progression. Finally, the clinical feasibility of this work is supported by the rVAR2-based isolation and detection of CTCs from glioma patient blood samples, which highlights ofCS as a potential clinical target for CTC isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Bang-Christensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- VarCT Diagnostics, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus S Pedersen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marina A Pereira
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Clausen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Løppke
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai T Sand
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Theresa D Ahrens
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amalie M Jørgensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yi Chieh Lim
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Goksøyr
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Swati Choudhary
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Gustavsson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Dagil
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, and Vancouver Prostate Centre, BC V6H 3Z6 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Adam F Sander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias H Torp
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Max Søgaard
- ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies, SCION-DTU Science Park, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Thor G Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Østrup
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Lassen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mette Ø Agerbæk
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alieva M, Leidgens V, Riemenschneider MJ, Klein CA, Hau P, van Rheenen J. Intravital imaging of glioma border morphology reveals distinctive cellular dynamics and contribution to tumor cell invasion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2054. [PMID: 30765850 PMCID: PMC6375955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by highly invasive behavior allowing dissemination and progression. A conclusive image of the invasive process is not available. The aim of this work was to study invasion dynamics in GBM using an innovative in vivo imaging approach. Primary brain tumor initiating cell lines from IDH-wild type GBM stably expressing H2B-Dendra2 were implanted orthotopically in the brains of SCID mice. Using high-resolution time-lapse intravital imaging, tumor cell migration in the tumor core, border and invasive front was recorded. Tumor cell dynamics at different border configurations were analyzed and multivariate linear modelling of tumor cell spreading was performed. We found tumor border configurations, recapitulating human tumor border morphologies. Not only tumor borders but also the tumor core was composed of highly dynamic cells, with no clear correlation to the ability to spread into the brain. Two types of border configurations contributed to tumor cell spreading through distinct invasion patterns: an invasive margin that executes slow but directed invasion, and a diffuse infiltration margin with fast but less directed movement. By providing a more detailed view on glioma invasion patterns, our study may improve accuracy of prognosis and serve as a basis for personalized therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alieva
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Prinses Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Verena Leidgens
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph A Klein
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lin X, Jiang T, Bai J, Li J, Wang T, Xiao J, Tian Y, Jin X, Shao T, Xu J, Chen L, Wang L, Li Y. Characterization of Transcriptome Transition Associates Long Noncoding RNAs with Glioma Progression. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:620-632. [PMID: 30472640 PMCID: PMC6251785 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in cancer biogenesis and prognosis. However, we still lack knowledge on their function during glioma progression. In this study, we analyzed the lncRNA expression profile across 907 glioma patients in grades II, III, and IV. Widespread dynamic expression of lncRNAs during glioma progression was revealed, and we identified 33 onco-lncRNAs and 61 tumor suppressor lncRNAs. We found that the expression of these oncogenic lncRNAs is regulated by grade-specific expressed transcription factors. Based on the “guilt by association” rule, we predicted the potential functions of oncogenic lncRNAs, and the majority of these lncRNAs are involved in cancer hallmarks. Especially we found that CARD8-AS1 regulates the metastatic potential of glioma cell lines in vitro. Integrating clinical information, we identified the 12 protective and 8 risk lncRNAs (such as PWAR6 and CARD8-AS1) in glioma. Finally, an lncRNA-gene functional module was identified to be associated with the survival of patients. The predictive ability of this module signature was further validated in an independent dataset. Our results revealed the dynamic transcriptome transition during glioma progression, indicating that the lncRNA signature could be a useful biomarker that may improve upon our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying glioma progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lin
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Tiantongfei Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Jing Bai
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Junyi Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Tianshi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yi Tian
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Xiyun Jin
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Tingting Shao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Lingchao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Yongsheng Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Phenotypic and Expressional Heterogeneity in the Invasive Glioma Cells. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:122-133. [PMID: 30292065 PMCID: PMC6172486 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tumor cell invasion is a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM) and a major contributing factor for treatment failure, tumor recurrence, and the poor prognosis of GBM. Despite this, our understanding of the molecular machinery that drives invasion is limited. METHODS: Time-lapse imaging of patient-derived GBM cell invasion in a 3D collagen gel matrix, analysis of both the cellular invasive phenotype and single cell invasion pattern with microarray expression profiling. RESULTS: GBM invasion was maintained in a simplified 3D-milieue. Invasion was promoted by the presence of the tumorsphere graft. In the absence of this, the directed migration of cells subsided. The strength of the pro-invasive repulsive signaling was specific for a given patient-derived culture. In the highly invasive GBM cultures, the majority of cells had a neural progenitor-like phenotype, while the less invasive cultures had a higher diversity in cellular phenotypes. Microarray expression analysis of the non-invasive cells from the tumor core displayed a higher GFAP expression and a signature of genes containing VEGFA, hypoxia and chemo-repulsive signals. Cells of the invasive front expressed higher levels of CTGF, TNFRSF12A and genes involved in cell survival, migration and cell cycle pathways. A mesenchymal gene signature was associated with increased invasion. CONCLUSION: The GBM tumorsphere core promoted invasion, and the invasive front was dominated by a phenotypically defined cell population expressing genes regulating traits found in aggressive cancers. The detected cellular heterogeneity and transcriptional differences between the highly invasive and core cells identifies potential targets for manipulation of GBM invasion.
Collapse
|
14
|
van Pel DM, Harada K, Song D, Naus CC, Sin WC. Modelling glioma invasion using 3D bioprinting and scaffold-free 3D culture. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:723-730. [PMID: 29909492 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer, with some subtypes having 5-year survival rates of less than 5%. Tumour cell invasion into the surrounding parenchyma seems to be the primary driver of these poor outcomes, as most gliomas recur within 2 cm of the original surgically-resected tumour. Many current approaches to the development of anticancer therapy attempt to target genetic weaknesses in a particular cancer, but may not take into account the microenvironment experienced by a tumour and the patient-specific genetic differences in susceptibility to treatment. Here we demonstrate the use of complementary approaches, 3D bioprinting and scaffold-free 3D tissue culture, to examine the invasion of glioma cells into neural-like tissue with 3D confocal microscopy. We found that, while both approaches were successful, the use of 3D tissue culture for organoid development offers the advantage of broad accessibility. As a proof-of-concept of our approach, we developed a system in which we could model the invasion of human glioma cells into mouse neural progenitor cell-derived spheroids. We show that we can follow invasion of human tumour cells using cell-tracking dyes and 3D laser scanning confocal microscopy, both in real time and in fixed samples. We validated these results using conventional cryosectioning. Our scaffold-free 3D approach has broad applicability, as we were easily able to examine invasion using different neural progenitor cell lines, thus mimicking differences that might be observed in patient brain tissue. These results, once applied to iPSC-derived cerebral organoids that incorporate the somatic genetic variability of patients, offer the promise of truly personalized treatments for brain cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek M van Pel
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kaori Harada
- Cyfuse Biomedical K.K, University of Tokyo Entrepreneur Plaza, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Dandan Song
- Cyfuse Biomedical K.K, University of Tokyo Entrepreneur Plaza, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Christian C Naus
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Wun Chey Sin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wahba A, Rath BH, O'Neill JW, Camphausen K, Tofilon PJ. The XPO1 Inhibitor Selinexor Inhibits Translation and Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Glioblastoma Cells Grown In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1717-1726. [PMID: 29866745 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the radiation-induced translatome of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC) identified an interacting network in which XPO1 serves as a major hub protein. To determine whether this nuclear export protein provides a target for radiosensitization, we defined the effects of clinically relevant XPO1 inhibitor selinexor on the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma cells. As determined by clonogenic survival analysis, selinexor enhanced the radiosensitivity of GSCs but not normal fibroblast cell lines. On the basis of γH2AX foci and neutral comet analyses, selinexor inhibited the repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks in GSCs, suggesting that the selinexor-induced radiosensitization is mediated by an inhibition of DNA repair. Consistent with a role for XPO1 in the nuclear to cytoplasm export of rRNA, selinexor reduced 5S and 18S rRNA nuclear export in GSCs, which was accompanied by a decrease in gene translation efficiency, as determined from polysome profiles, as well as in protein synthesis. In contrast, rRNA nuclear export and protein synthesis were not reduced in normal cells treated with selinexor. Orthotopic xenografts initiated from a GSC line were then used to define the in vivo response to selinexor and radiation. Treatment of mice bearing orthotopic xenografts with selinexor decreased tumor translational efficiency as determined from polysome profiles. Although selinexor treatment alone had no effect on the survival of mice with brain tumors, it significantly enhanced the radiation-induced prolongation of survival. These results indicate that selinexor enhances the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma cells and suggest that this effect involves the global inhibition of gene translation. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(8); 1717-26. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Wahba
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Barbara H Rath
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John W O'Neill
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Philip J Tofilon
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alamir H, Alomari M, Salwati AAA, Saka M, Bangash M, Baeesa S, Alghamdi F, Carracedo A, Schulten HJ, Chaudhary A, Abuzenadah A, Hussein D. In situ characterization of stem cells-like biomarkers in meningiomas. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:77. [PMID: 29849507 PMCID: PMC5970464 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meningioma cancer stem cells (MCSCs) contribute to tumor aggressiveness and drug resistance. Successful therapies developed for inoperable, recurrent, or metastatic tumors must target these cells and restrict their contribution to tumor progression. Unfortunately, the identity of MCSCs remains elusive, and MSCSs’ in situ spatial distribution, heterogeneity, and relationship with tumor grade, remain unclear. Methods Seven tumors classified as grade II or grade III, including one case of metastatic grade III, and eight grade I meningioma tumors, were analyzed for combinations of ten stem cell (SC)-related markers using immunofluorescence of consecutive sections. The correlation of expression for all markers were investigated. Three dimensional spatial distribution of markers were qualitatively analyzed using a grid, designed as a repository of information for positive staining. All statistical analyses were completed using Statistical Analysis Software Package. Results The patterns of expression for SC-related markers were determined in the context of two dimensional distribution and cellular features. All markers could be detected in all tumors, however, Frizzled 9 and GFAP had differential expression in grade II/III compared with grade I meningioma tissues. Correlation analysis showed significant relationships between the expression of GFAP and CD133 as well as SSEA4 and Vimentin. Data from three dimensional analysis showed a complex distribution of SC markers, with increased gene hetero-expression being associated with grade II/III tumors. Sub regions that showed multiple co-staining of markers including CD133, Frizzled 9, GFAP, Vimentin, and SSEA4, but not necessarily the proliferation marker Ki67, were highly associated with grade II/III meningiomas. Conclusion The distribution and level of expression of CSCs markers in meningiomas are variable and show hetero-expression patterns that have a complex spatial nature, particularly in grade II/III meningiomas. Thus, results strongly support the notion of heterogeneous populations of CSCs, even in grade I meningiomas, and call for the use of multiple markers for the accurate identification of individual CSC subgroups. Such identification will lead to practical clinical diagnostic protocols that can quantitate CSCs, predict tumor recurrence, assist in guiding treatment selection for inoperable tumors, and improve follow up of therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-018-0571-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanin Alamir
- 1Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alomari
- 2King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulla Ahmed A Salwati
- 2King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Saka
- 2King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bangash
- 3Division of Neurosurgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Baeesa
- 3Division of Neurosurgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alghamdi
- 4Pathology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Angel Carracedo
- 5Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine-SERGAS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,6Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- 6Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel Chaudhary
- 1Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,6Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,7Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abuzenadah
- 1Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,2King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,7Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Deema Hussein
- 2King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Migration/Invasion of Malignant Gliomas and Implications for Therapeutic Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041115. [PMID: 29642503 PMCID: PMC5979613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are among cancers with the poorest prognosis, indicated by their association with tumors of high-level morbidity and mortality. Gliomas, the most common primary CNS tumors that arise from neuroglial stem or progenitor cells, have estimated annual incidence of 6.6 per 100,000 individuals in the USA, and 3.5 per 100,000 individuals in Taiwan. Tumor invasion and metastasis are the major contributors to the deaths in cancer patients. Therapeutic goals including cancer stem cells (CSC), phenotypic shifts, EZH2/AXL/TGF-β axis activation, miRNAs and exosomes are relevant to GBM metastasis to develop novel targeted therapeutics for GBM and other brain cancers. Herein, we highlight tumor metastasis in our understanding of gliomas, and illustrate novel exosome therapeutic approaches in glioma, thereby paving the way towards innovative therapies in neuro-oncology.
Collapse
|
18
|
The β-catenin/CBP-antagonist ICG-001 inhibits pediatric glioma tumorigenicity in a Wnt-independent manner. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27300-27313. [PMID: 28460484 PMCID: PMC5432336 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pedHGG) belong to the most aggressive cancers in children with a poor prognosis due to a lack of efficient therapeutic strategies. The β-catenin/Wnt-signaling pathway was shown to hold promising potential as a treatment target in adult high-grade gliomas by abrogating tumor cell invasion and the acquisition of stem cell-like characteristics. Since pedHGG differ from their adult counterparts in genetically and biologically we aimed to investigate the effects of β-catenin/Wnt-signaling pathway-inhibition by the β-catenin/CBP antagonist ICG-001 in pedHGG cell lines. In contrast to adult HGG, pedHGG cells displayed minimal detectable canonical Wnt-signaling activity. Nevertheless, low doses of ICG-001 inhibited cell migration/invasion, tumorsphere- and colony formation, proliferation in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo/ovo, suggesting that ICG-001 affects pedHGG tumor cell characteristics independent of β-catenin/Wnt-signaling. RNA-sequencing analyses support a Wnt/β-catenin-independent effect of ICG-001 on target gene transcription, revealing strong effects on genes involved in cellular metabolic/biosynthetic processes and cell cycle progression. Among these, high mRNA expression of cell cycle regulator JDP2 was found to confer a better prognosis for pedHGG patients. In conclusion, ICG-001 might offer an effective treatment option for pedHGG patients functioning to regulate cell phenotype and gene expression programs in absence of Wnt/β-catenin signaling-activity.
Collapse
|
19
|
Scutti JAB. Importance of immune monitoring approaches and the use of immune checkpoints for the treatment of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: From bench to clinic and vice versa (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1041-1056. [PMID: 29484440 PMCID: PMC5843403 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of immunological results, it is not in doubt that the immune system is able to recognize and eliminate transformed cells. A plethora of studies have investigated the immune system of patients with cancer and how it is prone to immunosuppression, due in part to the decrease in lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxic activity. The series of experiments published following the demonstration by Dr Allison's group of the potential effect of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) paved the way for a new perception in cancer immunotherapy: Immune checkpoints. Several T cell-co-stimulatory molecules including cluster of differentiation (CD)28, inducible T cell co-stimulatory, 4-1BB, OX40, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related gene and CD27, and inhibitory molecules including T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing-3, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cells activation, T cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain, and B and T lymphocyte attenuator have been described in regulating T cell functions, and have been demonstrated to be essential targets in immunotherapy. In preclinical studies, glioblastoma multiforme, a high-grade glioma, the monotherapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 resulted in increased survival times. An improved understanding of the pharmacodynamics and immune monitoring on glioma cancers, particularly in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), an orphan type of cancer, is expected to have a major contribution to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. On the basis of the recent preclinical and clinical studies of glioma, but not of DIPG, the present review makes a claim for the importance of investigating the tumor microenvironment, the immune response and the use of immune checkpoints (agonists or antagonists) in preclinical/clinical DIPG samples by immune monitoring approaches and high-dimensional analysis. Evaluating the potential predictive and correlative biomarkers in preclinical and clinical studies may assist in answering certain crucial questions that may be useful to improve the clinical response in patients with DIPG.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ferrer VP, Moura Neto V, Mentlein R. Glioma infiltration and extracellular matrix: key players and modulators. Glia 2018; 66:1542-1565. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rolf Mentlein
- Department of Anatomy; University of Kiel; Kiel Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mehta S, Lo Cascio C. Developmentally regulated signaling pathways in glioma invasion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:385-402. [PMID: 28821904 PMCID: PMC5765207 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common, infiltrative, and lethal primary brain tumors affecting the adult population. The grim prognosis for this disease is due to a combination of the presence of highly invasive tumor cells that escape surgical resection and the presence of a population of therapy-resistant cancer stem cells found within these tumors. Several studies suggest that glioma cells have cleverly hijacked the normal developmental program of neural progenitor cells, including their transcriptional programs, to enhance gliomagenesis. In this review, we summarize the role of developmentally regulated signaling pathways that have been found to facilitate glioma growth and invasion. Furthermore, we discuss how the microenvironment and treatment-induced perturbations of these highly interconnected signaling networks can trigger a shift in cellular phenotype and tumor subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shwetal Mehta
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
| | - Costanza Lo Cascio
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kazanskaya GM, Tsidulko AY, Volkov AM, Kiselev RS, Suhovskih AV, Kobozev VV, Gaytan AS, Aidagulova SV, Krivoshapkin AL, Grigorieva EV. Heparan sulfate accumulation and perlecan/HSPG2 up-regulation in tumour tissue predict low relapse-free survival for patients with glioblastoma. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 149:235-244. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
23
|
Wang Z, Zhao K, Hackert T, Zöller M. CD44/CD44v6 a Reliable Companion in Cancer-Initiating Cell Maintenance and Tumor Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:97. [PMID: 30211160 PMCID: PMC6122270 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer death, tumor progression proceeding through emigration from the primary tumor, gaining access to the circulation, leaving the circulation, settling in distant organs and growing in the foreign environment. The capacity of a tumor to metastasize relies on a small subpopulation of cells in the primary tumor, so called cancer-initiating cells (CIC). CIC are characterized by sets of markers, mostly membrane anchored adhesion molecules, CD44v6 being the most frequently recovered marker. Knockdown and knockout models accompanied by loss of tumor progression despite unaltered primary tumor growth unraveled that these markers are indispensable for CIC. The unexpected contribution of marker molecules to CIC-related activities prompted research on underlying molecular mechanisms. This review outlines the contribution of CD44, particularly CD44v6 to CIC activities. A first focus is given to the impact of CD44/CD44v6 to inherent CIC features, including the crosstalk with the niche, apoptosis-resistance, and epithelial mesenchymal transition. Following the steps of the metastatic cascade, we report on supporting activities of CD44/CD44v6 in migration and invasion. These CD44/CD44v6 activities rely on the association with membrane-integrated and cytosolic signaling molecules and proteases and transcriptional regulation. They are not restricted to, but most pronounced in CIC and are tightly regulated by feedback loops. Finally, we discuss on the engagement of CD44/CD44v6 in exosome biogenesis, loading and delivery. exosomes being the main acteurs in the long-distance crosstalk of CIC with the host. In brief, by supporting the communication with the niche and promoting apoptosis resistance CD44/CD44v6 plays an important role in CIC maintenance. The multifaceted interplay between CD44/CD44v6, signal transducing molecules and proteases facilitates the metastasizing tumor cell journey through the body. By its engagement in exosome biogenesis CD44/CD44v6 contributes to disseminated tumor cell settlement and growth in distant organs. Thus, CD44/CD44v6 likely is the most central CIC biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Pancreas Section, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Pancreas Section, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margot Zöller
- Pancreas Section, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Margot Zöller
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Voigt A, Nowick K, Almaas E. A composite network of conserved and tissue specific gene interactions reveals possible genetic interactions in glioma. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005739. [PMID: 28957313 PMCID: PMC5634634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential co-expression network analyses have recently become an important step in the investigation of cellular differentiation and dysfunctional gene-regulation in cell and tissue disease-states. The resulting networks have been analyzed to identify and understand pathways associated with disorders, or to infer molecular interactions. However, existing methods for differential co-expression network analysis are unable to distinguish between various forms of differential co-expression. To close this gap, here we define the three different kinds (conserved, specific, and differentiated) of differential co-expression and present a systematic framework, CSD, for differential co-expression network analysis that incorporates these interactions on an equal footing. In addition, our method includes a subsampling strategy to estimate the variance of co-expressions. Our framework is applicable to a wide variety of cases, such as the study of differential co-expression networks between healthy and disease states, before and after treatments, or between species. Applying the CSD approach to a published gene-expression data set of cerebral cortex and basal ganglia samples from healthy individuals, we find that the resulting CSD network is enriched in genes associated with cognitive function, signaling pathways involving compounds with well-known roles in the central nervous system, as well as certain neurological diseases. From the CSD analysis, we identify a set of prominent hubs of differential co-expression, whose neighborhood contains a substantial number of genes associated with glioblastoma. The resulting gene-sets identified by our CSD analysis also contain many genes that so far have not been recognized as having a role in glioblastoma, but are good candidates for further studies. CSD may thus aid in hypothesis-generation for functional disease-associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Voigt
- Network Systems Biology Group, Department of Biotechnology, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Katja Nowick
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Human Biology, Institute for Biology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eivind Almaas
- Network Systems Biology Group, Department of Biotechnology, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xu W, Gao L, Shao A, Zheng J, Zhang J. The performance of 11C-Methionine PET in the differential diagnosis of glioma recurrence. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91030-91039. [PMID: 29207622 PMCID: PMC5710903 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advancement of neuroimaging techniques, it often remains a diagnostic challenge to distinguish recurrent glioma from lesions representing treatment effect. Preliminary reports suggest that 11C-methionine Positron emission tomography (PET) can assist in diagnosing true glioma recurrence. We present here a meta-analysis to assess the accuracy of 11C-methionine PET in identifying recurrent glioma in patients who had undergone prior therapy. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase and Chinese Biomedical (CBM) databases yielded 23 eligible articles comprising 29 studies listed prior to November 20, 2016, representing 891 patients. In this report, we assess the methodological quality of each article individually and perform a meta-analysis to obtain the summary diagnostic accuracy of 11C-methionine PET in correctly identifying recurrent glioma. The pooled sensitivity and specificity are 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.91) and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.89), respectively, with an area under the curve (AUC) for the summary receiver-operating characteristic curve (SROC) of 0.9352. We conclude that 11C-methionine PET has excellent diagnostic performance for differentiating glioma recurrence from treatment effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liansheng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xu W, Wang Q, Shao A, Xu B, Zhang J. The performance of MR perfusion-weighted imaging for the differentiation of high-grade glioma from primary central nervous system lymphoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173430. [PMID: 28301491 PMCID: PMC5354292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is always a great challenge to distinguish high-grade glioma (HGG) from primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the performance of MR perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) in differentiating HGG from PCNSL. The heterogeneity and threshold effect were evaluated, and the sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE) and areas under summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) were calculated. Fourteen studies with a total of 598 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that PWI had a high level of accuracy (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.9415) for differentiating HGG from PCNSL by using the best parameter from each study. The dynamic susceptibility-contrast (DSC) technique might be an optimal index for distinguishing HGGs from PCNSLs (AUC = 0.9812). Furthermore, the DSC had the best sensitivity 0.963 (95%CI: 0.924, 0.986), whereas the arterial spin-labeling (ASL) displayed the best specificity 0.896 (95% CI: 0.781, 0.963) among those techniques. However, the variability of the optimal thresholds from the included studies suggests that further evaluation and standardization are needed before the techniques can be extensively clinically used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bainan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (BX)
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (BX)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
García-Romero N, González-Tejedo C, Carrión-Navarro J, Esteban-Rubio S, Rackov G, Rodríguez-Fanjul V, Cruz JODL, Prat-Acín R, Peris-Celda M, Blesa D, Ramírez-Jiménez L, Sánchez-Gómez P, Perona R, Escobedo-Lucea C, Belda-Iniesta C, Ayuso-Sacido A. Cancer stem cells from human glioblastoma resemble but do not mimic original tumors after in vitro passaging in serum-free media. Oncotarget 2016; 7:65888-65901. [PMID: 27589567 PMCID: PMC5323200 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gliomas harbour cancer stem cells (CSCs) that evolve along the course of the disease, forming highly heterogeneous subpopulations within the tumour mass. These cells possess self-renewal properties and appear to contribute to tumour initiation, metastasis and resistance to therapy. CSC cultures isolated from surgical samples are considered the best preclinical in vitro model for primary human gliomas. However, it is not yet well characterized to which extent their biological and functional properties change during in vitro passaging in the serum-free culture conditions. Here, we demonstrate that our CSC-enriched cultures harboured from one to several CSC clones from the human glioma sample. When xenotransplanted into mouse brain, these cells generated tumours that reproduced at least three different dissemination patterns found in original tumours. Along the passages in culture, CSCs displayed increased expression of stem cell markers, different ratios of chromosomal instability events, and a varied response to drug treatment. Our findings highlight the need for better characterization of CSC-enriched cultures in the context of their evolution in vitro, in order to uncover their full potential as preclinical models in the studies aimed at identifying molecular biomarkers and developing new therapeutic approaches of human gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susana Esteban-Rubio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), School of Medicine, San Pablo-CEU University, Campus de Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gorjana Rackov
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Oliver-De La Cruz
- International Clinical Research Center, Center for Translational Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ricardo Prat-Acín
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Universitario la Fe de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Peris-Celda
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Universitario la Fe de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Blesa
- Genetic and Genomic Unit, Fundación Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Ramírez-Jiménez
- Genetic and Genomic Unit, Fundación Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Rosario Perona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CIBERER, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Escobedo-Lucea
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Angel Ayuso-Sacido
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), School of Medicine, San Pablo-CEU University, Campus de Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Adamski V, Schmitt AD, Flüh C, Synowitz M, Hattermann K, Held-Feindt J. Isolation and Characterization of Fast-Migrating Human Glioma Cells in the Progression of Malignant Gliomas. Oncol Res 2016; 25:341-353. [PMID: 27641619 PMCID: PMC7841193 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14737243054982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. The most malignant form, the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; WHO IV), is characterized by an invasive phenotype, which enables the tumor cells to infiltrate into adjacent brain tissue. When investigating GBM migration and invasion properties in vitro, in most cases GBM cell lines were analyzed. Comprehensive investigations focusing on progression-dependent characteristics of migration processes using fresh human glioma samples of different malignancy grades do not exist. Thus, we isolated fast-migrating tumor cells from fresh human glioma samples of different malignancy grades (astrocytomas WHO grade II, grade III, GBM, and GBM recurrences) and characterized them with regard to the transcription of genes involved in the migration and invasion, tumor progression, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and stemness. In addition, we transferred our results to GBM cell lines and glioma stem-like cells and examined the influence of temozolomide on the expression of the above-mentioned genes in relation to migratory potential. Our results indicate that "evolutionary-like" expression alterations occur during glioma progression when comparing slow- and fast-migrating cells of fresh human gliomas. Furthermore, a close relation between migratory and stemness properties seems to be most likely. Variations in gene expression were also identified in GBM cell lines, not only when comparing fast- and slow-migrating cells but also regarding temozolomide-treated and untreated cells. Moreover, these differences coincided with the expression of stem cell markers and their migratory potential. Expression of migration-related genes in fast-migrating glioma cells is not only regulated in a progression-dependent manner, but these cells are also characterized by specific stem cell-like features.
Collapse
|
29
|
Iser IC, Pereira MB, Lenz G, Wink MR. The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Like Process in Glioblastoma: An Updated Systematic Review and In Silico Investigation. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:271-313. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabele C. Iser
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde e Laboratório de Biologia Celular; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Mariana B. Pereira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Centro de Biotecnologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Guido Lenz
- Departamento de Biofísica e Centro de Biotecnologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Márcia R. Wink
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde e Laboratório de Biologia Celular; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Singh SK, Fiorelli R, Kupp R, Rajan S, Szeto E, Lo Cascio C, Maire CL, Sun Y, Alberta JA, Eschbacher JM, Ligon KL, Berens ME, Sanai N, Mehta S. Post-translational Modifications of OLIG2 Regulate Glioma Invasion through the TGF-β Pathway. Cell Rep 2016; 16:950-966. [PMID: 27396340 PMCID: PMC4963280 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In glioblastoma, invasion and proliferation are presumed to be mutually exclusive events; however, the molecular mechanisms that mediate this switch at the cellular level remain elusive. Previously, we have shown that phospho-OLIG2, a central-nervous-system-specific transcription factor, is essential for tumor growth and proliferation. Here, we show that the modulation of OLIG2 phosphorylation can trigger a switch between proliferation and invasion. Glioma cells with unphosphorylated OLIG2(S10, S13, S14) are highly migratory and invasive, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, unphosphorylated OLIG2 induces TGF-β2 expression and promotes invasive mesenchymal properties in glioma cells. Inhibition of the TGF-β2 pathway blocks this OLIG2-dependent invasion. Furthermore, ectopic expression of phosphomimetic Olig2 is sufficient to block TGF-β2-mediated invasion and reduce expression of invasion genes (ZEB1 and CD44). Our results not only provide a mechanistic insight into how cells switch from proliferation to invasion but also offer therapeutic opportunities for inhibiting dissemination of gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv K Singh
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Roberto Fiorelli
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Robert Kupp
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Sindhu Rajan
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Emily Szeto
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Costanza Lo Cascio
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Cecile L Maire
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John A Alberta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer M Eschbacher
- Division of Neuropathology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael E Berens
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Nader Sanai
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Shwetal Mehta
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
GuhaSarkar D, Su Q, Gao G, Sena-Esteves M. Systemic AAV9-IFNβ gene delivery treats highly invasive glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:1508-1518. [PMID: 27194146 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complete surgical removal of all glioblastoma (GBM) cells is impossible due to extensive infiltration into brain parenchyma that ultimately leads to tumor recurrence. The current standard of care affords modest improvements in survival. New therapeutic interventions are needed to prevent recurrence. Local AAV-hIFNβ gene delivery to the brain was previously shown to eradicate noninvasive orthotopic U87 tumors in mice. However, widespread CNS gene delivery may be necessary to treat invasive GBMs. Here we investigated the therapeutic effectiveness of systemically infused AAV9-hIFNβ against an invasive orthotopic GBM8 model. METHODS Mice bearing human GBM8 brain tumors expressing firefly luciferase (Fluc) were treated systemically with different doses of scAAV9-hIFNβ vector. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed by sequential bioluminescence imaging of tumor Fluc activity and animal survival. Brains were analyzed post mortem for the presence and appearance of tumors. Two transcriptionally restricted AAV vectors were used to assess the therapeutic contribution of peripheral hIFNβ. RESULTS Systemic infusion of scAAV9-hIFNβ vector induced complete regression of established GBM8 tumors in a dose-dependent manner. The efficacy of this approach was also dependent on the stage of tumor growth at the time of treatment. We also showed that peripherally produced hIFNβ contributed considerably to the therapeutic effect of scAAV9-hIFNβ. A comparative study of systemic and unilateral intracranial delivery of scAAV9-hIFNβ in a bilateral GBM8 tumor model showed the systemic route to be the most effective approach for treating widely dispersed tumors. CONCLUSIONS Systemic delivery of AAV9-IFNβ is an attractive approach for invasive and multifocal GBM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dwijit GuhaSarkar
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (D.G., Q.S., G.G., M.S.-E.); Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (D.G., M.S.-E.); Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (G.G.)
| | - Qin Su
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (D.G., Q.S., G.G., M.S.-E.); Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (D.G., M.S.-E.); Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (G.G.)
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (D.G., Q.S., G.G., M.S.-E.); Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (D.G., M.S.-E.); Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (G.G.)
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (D.G., Q.S., G.G., M.S.-E.); Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (D.G., M.S.-E.); Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (G.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kamoun A, Idbaih A, Dehais C, Elarouci N, Carpentier C, Letouzé E, Colin C, Mokhtari K, Jouvet A, Uro-Coste E, Martin-Duverneuil N, Sanson M, Delattre JY, Figarella-Branger D, de Reyniès A, Ducray F. Integrated multi-omics analysis of oligodendroglial tumours identifies three subgroups of 1p/19q co-deleted gliomas. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11263. [PMID: 27090007 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendroglial tumours (OT) are a heterogeneous group of gliomas. Three molecular subgroups are currently distinguished on the basis of the IDH mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion. Here we present an integrated analysis of the transcriptome, genome and methylome of 156 OT. Not only does our multi-omics classification match the current classification but also reveals three subgroups within 1p/19q co-deleted tumours, associated with specific expression patterns of nervous system cell types: oligodendrocyte, oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) and neuronal lineage. We confirm the validity of these three subgroups using public datasets. Importantly, the OPC-like group is associated with more aggressive clinical and molecular patterns, including MYC activation. We show that the MYC activation occurs through various alterations, including MYC genomic gain, MAX genomic loss, MYC hypomethylation and microRNA-34b/c down-regulation. In the lower grade glioma TCGA dataset, the OPC-like group is associated with a poorer outcome independently of histological grade. Our study reveals previously unrecognized heterogeneity among 1p/19q co-deleted tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Kamoun
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (CRICM), UMR 975, 75013 Paris, France.,INSERM U975, 75013 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Dehais
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nabila Elarouci
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Carpentier
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (CRICM), UMR 975, 75013 Paris, France.,INSERM U975, 75013 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Letouzé
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Carole Colin
- Université de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille, Faculté de Médecine La Timone, CRO2, UMR 911, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - Karima Mokhtari
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (CRICM), UMR 975, 75013 Paris, France.,INSERM U975, 75013 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Neuropathologie R. Escourolle, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Anne Jouvet
- Département de Pathologie et Neuropathologie, Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69374 Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Uro-Coste
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital de Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Marc Sanson
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (CRICM), UMR 975, 75013 Paris, France.,INSERM U975, 75013 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Delattre
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (CRICM), UMR 975, 75013 Paris, France.,INSERM U975, 75013 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 75013 Paris, France.,Onconeurotek, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- Université de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille, Faculté de Médecine La Timone, CRO2, UMR 911, 13885 Marseille, France.,AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | - François Ducray
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Service de Neuro-Oncologie, 69374 Lyon, France.,Department of Cancer Cell Plasticity, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, 69008 Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wahba A, Rath BH, Bisht K, Camphausen K, Tofilon PJ. Polysome Profiling Links Translational Control to the Radioresponse of Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3078-87. [PMID: 27005284 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Changes in polysome-bound mRNA (translatome) are correlated closely with changes in the proteome in cells. Therefore, to better understand the processes mediating the response of glioblastoma to ionizing radiation (IR), we used polysome profiling to define the IR-induced translatomes of a set of human glioblastoma stem-like cell (GSC) lines. Although cell line specificity accounted for the largest proportion of genes within each translatome, there were also genes that were common to the GSC lines. In particular, analyses of the IR-induced common translatome identified components of the DNA damage response, consistent with a role for the translational control of gene expression in cellular radioresponse. Moreover, translatome analyses suggested that IR enhanced cap-dependent translation processes, an effect corroborated by the finding of increased eIF4F-cap complex formation detected after irradiation in all GSC lines. Translatome analyses also predicted that Golgi function was affected by IR. Accordingly, Golgi dispersal was detected after irradiation of each of the GSC lines. In addition to the common responses seen, translatome analyses predicted cell line-specific changes in mitochondria, as substantiated by changes in mitochondrial mass and DNA content. Together, these results suggest that analysis of radiation-induced translatomes can provide new molecular insights concerning the radiation response of cancer cells. More specifically, they suggest that the translational control of gene expression may provide a source of molecular targets for glioblastoma radiosensitization. Cancer Res; 76(10); 3078-87. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Wahba
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Barbara H Rath
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kheem Bisht
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Philip J Tofilon
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Biobanking: An Important Resource for Precision Medicine in Glioblastoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 951:47-56. [PMID: 27837553 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Cancer Genome Atlas effort has generated significant interest in a new paradigm shift in tumor tissue analysis, patient diagnosis and subsequent treatment decision. Findings have highlighted the limitation of sole reliance on histology, which can be confounded by inter-observer variability. Such studies demonstrate that histologically similar grade IV brain tumors can be divided into four molecular subtypes based on gene expression, with each subtype demonstrating unique genomic aberrations and clinical outcome. These advances indicate that curative therapeutic strategies must now take into account the molecular information in tumor tissue, with the goal of identifying molecularly stratified patients that will most likely to receive treatment benefit from targeted therapy. This in turn spares non-responders from chemotherapeutic side effects and financial costs. In advancing clinical stage drug candidates, the banking of brain tumor tissue necessitates the acquisition of not just tumor tissue with clinical history and robust follow-up, but also high quality molecular information such as somatic mutation, transcriptomic and DNA methylation profiles which have been shown to predict patient survival independent of current clinical indicators. Additionally, the derivation of cell lines from such tumor tissue facilitates the development of clinically relevant patient-derived xenograft mouse models that can prospectively reform the tumor for further studies, yet have retrospective clinical history to associate bench and in vivo findings with clinical data. This represents a core capability of Precision Medicine where the focus is on understanding inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity so as to best tailor therapies that will result in improved treatment outcomes.
Collapse
|
35
|
Xu H, Tian Y, Yuan X, Wu H, Liu Q, Pestell RG, Wu K. The role of CD44 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer development. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3783-92. [PMID: 26719706 PMCID: PMC4689260 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s95470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44, a multi-structural and multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein, was initially identified as a receptor for hyaluronan that participates in both physiological and pathological processes. CD44 is found to be closely linked to the development of various solid tumors. Molecular studies have revealed that high CD44 expression was correlated with the phenotypes of cancer stem cells and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, thereby contributing to tumor invasion, metastasis, recurrence, and chemoresistance. Correspondingly, blockade of CD44 has been demonstrated to be capable of attenuating the malignant phenotype, slowing cancer progression, and reversing therapy resistance. Clinical analyses showed that high CD44 expression is associated with poor survival of various cancer patients, indicating that CD44 can be a potential prognostic marker. In this review, we summarize recent research progress of CD44 on tumor biology and the clinical significance of CD44.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Tian
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Grillon E, Farion R, Reuveni M, Glidle A, Rémy C, Coles JA. Spatial profiles of markers of glycolysis, mitochondria, and proton pumps in a rat glioma suggest coordinated programming for proliferation. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:207. [PMID: 26032618 PMCID: PMC4467611 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In cancer cells in vitro, the glycolytic pathway and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are programmed to produce more precursor molecules, and relatively less ATP, than in differentiated cells. We address the questions of whether and where these changes occur in vivo in glioblastomas grown from C6 cells in rat brain. These gliomas show some spatial organization, notably in the upregulation of membrane proton transporters near the rim. Results We immunolabeled pairs of proteins (as well as DNA) on sections of rat brains containing gliomas, measured the profiles of fluorescence intensity on strips 200 µm wide and at least 3 mm long running perpendicular to the tumor rim, and expressed the intensity in the glioma relative to that outside. On averaged profiles, labeling of a marker of the glycolytic pathway, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), was, as expected, greater in the glioma. Over distances up to 2.5 mm into the glioma, expression of a marker of the TCA cycle, Tom20, a pre-protein receptor on the translocation complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane, was also upregulated. The ratio of upregulation of Tom20 to upregulation of GAPDH was, on average, slightly greater than one. Near the rim (0.4–0.8 mm), GAPDH was expressed less and there was a peak in the mean ratio of 1.16, SEM = 0.001, N = 16 pairs of profiles. An antibody to V-ATPase, which, by pumping protons into vacuoles contributes to cell growth, also indicated upregulation by about 40%. When compared directly with GAPDH, upregulation of V-ATPase was only 0.764, SD = 0.016 of GAPDH upregulation. Conclusions Although there was considerable variation between individual measured profiles, on average, markers of the glycolytic pathway, of mitochondria, and of cell proliferation showed coherent upregulation in C6 gliomas. There is a zone, close to the rim, where mitochondrial presence is upregulated more than the glycolytic pathway, in agreement with earlier suggestions that lactate is taken up by cells near the rim. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1191-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Grillon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRMaGe, 3800, Grenoble, France. .,Inserm, US 17, 3800, Grenoble, France. .,CNRS, UMS 3552, 3800, Grenoble, France. .,CHU de Grenoble, Hopital Michallon, IRMaGe, 3800, Grenoble, France.
| | - Régine Farion
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRMaGe, 3800, Grenoble, France. .,Inserm, US 17, 3800, Grenoble, France. .,CNRS, UMS 3552, 3800, Grenoble, France. .,CHU de Grenoble, Hopital Michallon, IRMaGe, 3800, Grenoble, France.
| | - Moshe Reuveni
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcan Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
| | - Andrew Glidle
- Department of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Chantal Rémy
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRMaGe, 3800, Grenoble, France. .,Inserm, U 836, 3800, Grenoble, France.
| | - Jonathan A Coles
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|