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Increased Plasma YKL-40 Level and Chitotriosidase Activity in Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Inflammation 2021; 45:627-638. [PMID: 34637032 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated plasma YKL-40 levels and chitotriosidase (CHIT1) activity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease and evaluated clinically relevant factors that may affect their levels. Plasma samples were obtained from pediatric (n = 19) and adult patients (n = 15) during exacerbation, discharge, and stable period of the disease. YKL-40 levels and chitotriosidase activity were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorometric assay, respectively. Data were compared with healthy children and adults of similar age. YKL-40 levels of pediatric and adult CF patients at all periods were significantly higher than controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05). CHIT1 activities of adult patients at all periods were significantly higher compared to controls (p < 0.05). On the other hand, CHIT1 activities of pediatric CF patients were similar with controls. YKL-40 levels of exacerbation period of adult CF patients were negatively correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC) (r = - 0.800, p = 0.014) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (r = - 0.735, p = 0.008). YKL-40 levels in the exacerbation period of pediatric CF patients were negatively correlated with FVC (r = - 0.697, p = 0.0082) and FEV1 (r = - 0.720, p = 0.006). CHIT1 activity may be a valuable marker of chronic inflammation in adult CF patients who suffer from CF for a longer period compared to pediatric patients. Increased YKL-40 levels in both pediatric and adult patients compared to controls may point to a role in between CF pathology.
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Bouvet GF, Bulka O, Coriati A, Sognigbé L, St-Pierre G, Massé C, Sato S, Berthiaume Y. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell response to YKL-40 and Galectin-3 in cystic fibrosis. Cytokine 2021; 146:155635. [PMID: 34274729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated circulating levels of YKL-40 correlate with disease severity in Cystic Fibrosis (CF), but the role of YKL-40 in the inflammatory response in CF is still under investigation. Our main goal was to evaluate if YKL-40 can modulate the expression of major cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-13) implicated in the inflammatory response in CF. A secondary goal was to explore the interactions between YKL-40 and other circulating proteins to determine the impacts on cytokine modulation. METHOD Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the blood of 83 adult CF patients in stable clinical condition. PBMCs were treated with human YKL-40 followed by the measure of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 gene expression. Protein arrays were used to explore the interactions between YKL-40 and circulating proteins. Interaction with Galectin-3 (GAL3) was identified, and confirmed by binding assay. Cytokine gene expressions were again monitored by RT-qPCR after PBMC treatment with GAL3, with or without YKL-40 co-stimulation. RESULTS Following YKL-40 stimulation, PBMC gene expression of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 varies across patients. IL-6 and IL-13 are coexpressed, but this response was different in male and female patients. GAL3 protein was detected in the blood of CF patients, and a molecular interaction with YKL-40 was identified. GAL3 did not interfere with the YKL-40 stimulation of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 but may modulate the coexpression. CONCLUSION We observed that YKL-40 stimulation had a variable impact on IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 gene expression in CF PBMCs and uncovered an interaction between GAL3 and YKL-40 in the serum of CF patients. Our findings suggest that YKL-40 is not only a biomarker of disease severity in CF, but it might play an active role in the inflammatory pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Bouvet
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada.
| | - O Bulka
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - A Coriati
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - L Sognigbé
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - G St-Pierre
- The Glycobiology and Bioimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Centre de recherche CHU de Québec, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - C Massé
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - S Sato
- The Glycobiology and Bioimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Centre de recherche CHU de Québec, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Canada
| | - Y Berthiaume
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada; Université de Montréal, Department of Medicine, 2900, Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
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Coriati A, Bouvet GF, Massé C, Ducruet T, Berthiaume Y. YKL-40 as a clinical biomarker in adult patients with CF: Implications of a CHI3L1 single nucleotide polymorphism in disease severity. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:e93-e99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bene Z, Fejes Z, Macek M, Amaral MD, Balogh I, Nagy B. Laboratory biomarkers for lung disease severity and progression in cystic fibrosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 508:277-286. [PMID: 32428503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the clinical outcomes of cystic fibrosis (CF) have been markedly improved through the recent implementation of novel CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator drugs, robust and reliable biomarkers are still demanded for the early detection of CF lung disease progression, monitoring treatment efficacy and predicting life-threatening clinical complications. Thus, there is an unmet need to identify and validate novel, ideally blood based biomarkers with strong correlations to the severity of CF lung disease, which represents a major contribution to overall CF morbidity and mortality. In this review, we aim to summarize the utility of thus far studied blood-, sputum- and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-based biomarkers to evaluate inflammatory conditions in the lung and to follow treatment efficacy in CF. Measurements of sweat chloride concentrations and the spirometric parameter FEV1 are currently utilized to monitor CFTR function and the effect of various CF therapies. Nonetheless, both have inherent pitfalls and limitations, thus routinely analyzed biomarkers in blood, sputum or BAL samples are required as surrogates for lung disorders. Recent discovery of new protein (e.g. HE4) and RNA-based biomarkers, such as microRNAs may offer a higher efficacy, which in aggregate may be valuable to evaluate disease prognosis and to substantiate CF drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Bene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Fejes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Milan Macek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - István Balogh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Béla Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Shores DR, Everett AD. Children as Biomarker Orphans: Progress in the Field of Pediatric Biomarkers. J Pediatr 2018; 193:14-20.e31. [PMID: 29031860 PMCID: PMC5794519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darla R Shores
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Allen D Everett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Matrix metalloproteinases and liver fibrosis (translational aspects). Matrix Biol 2017; 68-69:463-473. [PMID: 29289644 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, a reversible wound-healing response to chronic cellular injury, reflects a balance between liver repair and progressive substitution of the liver parenchyma by scar tissue. Complex mechanisms that underlie liver fibrogenesis are summarized to provide the basis for generating targeted therapies to reverse fibrogenesis and improve the outcomes of patients with chronic liver disease. This minireview presents some pathophysiological aspects of liver fibrosis as a dynamic process and elucidates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their role within as well as beyond matrix degradation. Open questions remain, whether inhibition of fibrogenesis or induction of fibrolysis is the key mechanism to resolve fibrosis. And a point of principle might be whether regeneration of liver cirrhosis is possible. Will we ever cure fibrosis?
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Klotter V, Gunchick C, Siemers E, Rath T, Hudel H, Naehrlich L, Roderfeld M, Roeb E. Assessment of pathologic increase in liver stiffness enables earlier diagnosis of CFLD: Results from a prospective longitudinal cohort study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178784. [PMID: 28575039 PMCID: PMC5456384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
About 30% of patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) develop CF-associated liver disease (CFLD). Recent studies have shown that transient elastography (TE), as a method to quantify liver stiffness, allows non-invasive diagnosis of CFLD in adults and children with CF. Within this study we aimed to prospectively identify patients at risk for development of CFLD by longitudinal analysis of liver stiffness and fibrosis scores in a 5-year follow-up. 36 pediatric and 16 adult patients with initial liver stiffness below the cut-off value indicative of CFLD (6.3 kPa) were examined by transient elastography for 4-5 years. TE, APRI-, and FIB-4-scores were assessed and compared by Kruskal-Wallis test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-analysis. Frequencies were compared by Chi2-test. Among the 36 patients participating in this study, a subgroup of 9 patients developed liver stiffness >6.3 kPa after 4-5 years with an increase of ΔTE >0.38 kPa/a (the group with increasing liver stiffness was labelled TEinc). APRI- and FIB-4 scores confirmed the rationale for grouping. The frequency of CFLD assessed by conventional diagnosis was significantly higher in TEinc-group compared to the control group (TEnorm). None of the adult CF patients matched criteria for TEinc-group. For the first time it was shown that the non-invasive longitudinal assessment of TE allows identification of patients with progression of CFLD in a subgroup of juvenile but not in adult CF patients. Comparing TE to conventional fibrosis-scores underlined the strength of the continuous assessment of liver stiffness for the exact diagnosis of progressive CFLD. The newly described cut-off for pathologic increase of liver stiffness, ΔTEcutoff = 0.38kPa/a, might enable to detect developing CFLD using consequent follow up TE measurements before reaching the level of stiffness indicating established CFLD. Nevertheless, the limited size of the analyzed cohort should encourage a prospective, multi-center, long term follow up study to confirm the suggested cut-off for the rise in liver stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Klotter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Caroline Gunchick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Enno Siemers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Timo Rath
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helge Hudel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lutz Naehrlich
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Roderfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Elke Roeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Glycoprotein YKL-40 Levels in Plasma Are Associated with Fibrotic Changes on HRCT in Asbestos-Exposed Subjects. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1797512. [PMID: 28588347 PMCID: PMC5446868 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1797512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
YKL-40 is a chitinase-like glycoprotein produced by alternatively activated macrophages that are associated with wound healing and fibrosis. Asbestosis is a chronic asbestos-induced lung disease, in which injury of epithelial cells and activation of alveolar macrophages lead to enhanced collagen production and fibrosis. We studied if YKL-40 is related to inflammation, fibrosis, and/or lung function in subjects exposed to asbestosis. Venous blood samples were collected from 85 men with moderate or heavy occupational asbestos exposure and from 28 healthy, age-matched controls. Levels of plasma YKL-40, CRP, IL-6, adipsin, and MMP-9 were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Plasma YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in subjects with asbestosis (n = 19) than in those with no fibrotic findings in HRCT following asbestos exposure (n = 66) or in unexposed healthy controls. In asbestos-exposed subjects, plasma YKL-40 correlated negatively with lung function capacity parameters FVC (Pearson's r −0.259, p = 0.018) and FEV1 (Pearson's r −0.240, p = 0.028) and positively with CRP (Spearman's rho 0.371, p < 0.001), IL-6 (Spearman's rho 0.314, p = 0.003), adipsin (Spearman's rho 0.459, p < 0.001), and MMP-9 (Spearman's rho 0.243, p = 0.025). The present finding suggests YKL-40 as a biomarker associated with fibrosis and inflammation in asbestos-exposed subjects.
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Daan NMP, Koster MPH, de Wilde MA, Dalmeijer GW, Evelein AMV, Fauser BCJM, de Jager W. Biomarker Profiles in Women with PCOS and PCOS Offspring; A Pilot Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165033. [PMID: 27806063 PMCID: PMC5091782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study metabolic/inflammatory biomarker risk profiles in women with PCOS and PCOS offspring. Design Cross-sectional comparison of serum biomarkers. Setting University Medical Center Utrecht. Patients Hyperandrogenic PCOS women (HA-PCOS, n = 34), normoandrogenic PCOS women (NA-PCOS, n = 34), non-PCOS reference population (n = 32), PCOS offspring (n = 14, age 6–8 years), and a paedriatic reference population (n = 30). Main Outcome Measure(s) Clustering profile of adipocytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17, IL-18, TNF-α, adiponectin, adipsin, leptin, chemerin, resistin, RBP4, DPP-IV/sCD26, CCL2/MCP-1), growth factors (PIGF, VEGF, sVEGF-R1), soluble cell adhesion molecules (sICAM-1/sCD54, sVCAM-1/sCD106), and other inflammatory related proteases (MMP-9, S100A8, Cathepsin S). Differences in median biomarker concentrations between groups, and associations with the free androgen index (FAI; Testosterone/SHBG x100). Results The cluster analysis identified leptin, RBP-4, DPP-IV and adiponectin as potential discriminative markers for HA-PCOS with a specifically strong correlation in cases with increased BMI. Leptin (R2 = 0.219) and adiponectin (R2 = 0.182) showed the strongest correlation with the FAI. When comparing median protein concentrations adult PCOS women with or without hyperandrogenemia, the most profound differences were observed for leptin (P < 0.001), DPP-IV (P = 0.005), and adiponectin (P < 0.001). Adjusting for age, BMI and multiple testing attenuated all differences. In PCOS offspring, MMP-9 (P = 0.001) and S100A8 (P < 0.001) concentrations were significantly higher compared to a healthy matched reference population, even after correcting for age and BMI and adjustment for multiple testing. Conclusion In this preliminary investigation we observed significant differences in adipocytokines between women with or without hyperandrogenic PCOS and non-PCOS controls, mostly influenced by BMI. Leptin and adiponectin showed the strongest correlation with the FAI in adult women with PCOS. In PCOS offspring other inflammatory biomarkers (MMP-9, S100A8) were increased, suggesting that these children may exhibit increased chronic low-grade inflammation. Additional research is required to confirm results of the current exploratory investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine M. P. Daan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria P. H. Koster
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marlieke A. de Wilde
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerdien W. Dalmeijer
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M. V. Evelein
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart C. J. M. Fauser
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wilco de Jager
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Matuska B, Comhair S, Farver C, Chmiel J, Midura RJ, Bonfield T, Lauer ME. Pathological Hyaluronan Matrices in Cystic Fibrosis Airways and Secretions. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 55:576-585. [PMID: 27243106 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0358oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) has been used in treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) via a nebulizer and has demonstrated success in clinical outcomes. HA is an important glycosaminoglycan that is cross-linked by heavy chains (HCs) from inter-α-inhibitor during inflammation. HC cross-linked HA (HC-HA) becomes significantly more adhesive for leukocytes than non-cross-linked HA, which can enhance inflammation. Our studies tested the hypothesis that HC-HA is present in CF airways and that altered ratios of HC-HA to its degradation into relatively lower molecular weight HA contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation in CF. We evaluated the distribution, levels, and size of HC-HA within CF, healthy, and diseased control lung, bronchus, and sputum tissues by histological and biochemical approaches. HC-HA was significantly elevated in CF, with deposits around the pulmonary vasculature, airway submucosa, and in the stroma of the submucosal glands. The increased infiltration of leukocyte populations correlated with the distribution of HC-HA matrices in the airways. Elevated lung tissue HC-HA correlated with decreased HA levels in CF mucus and sputum compared with controls, suggesting that aberrant degradation and cross-linking of HA in lung tissue is a unique feature of CF. The accumulation and degradation of proinflammatory HC-HA in CF lung tissue suggests that aberrant HA catabolism and cross-linking may contribute to chronic inflammation in airway tissues and affect mucus viscosity in CF airways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James Chmiel
- 4 Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; and.,5 Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy/Immunology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Tracey Bonfield
- 4 Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Mark E Lauer
- Departments of 1 Biomedical Engineering.,6 Pediatric Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Affiliation(s)
- Thida Ong
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Bonnie W Ramsey
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,3 Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
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