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Fang J, Li R, Zhang Y, Oduro PK, Li S, Leng L, Wang Z, Rao Y, Niu L, Wu HH, Wang Q. Aristolone in Nardostachys jatamansi DC. induces mesenteric vasodilation and ameliorates hypertension via activation of the K ATP channel and PDK1-Akt-eNOS pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154257. [PMID: 35738117 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nardostachys jatamansi DC. is a common medicinal herb used to treat cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension. Previously, our lab characterized the chemical compounds of N. jatamansi. However, the bioactive compounds of N. jatamansi and their mechanisms of action on blood pressure and blood vessels are unknown. PURPOSE The vasorelaxant effects of the methanolic extract (MeOH ext.) of the roots and rhizomes of N. jatamansi, its main compounds, and their underlying mode of action, were investigated. METHODS The main compounds of N. jatamansi were isolated and identified using UHPLC-TOF MS. The antihypertensive effect of N. jatamansi extracts and (-)-aristolone were determined using spontaneously hypertensive rats. The extracts, fractions, and compounds were also evaluated for their vasorelaxant effects on U46619 contractile responses in isolated thoracic aortic and mesenteric arterial rings. The endothelial-dependent relaxation, as well as the regulatory pathways and targets of (-)-aristolone, were studied in-vitro and ex-vivo. Molecular docking and biophysical characterization (Surface plasmon resonance) studies were utilized to investigate the molecular interaction between (-)-aristolone and the target protein. RESULTS MeOH ext. (200 mg/kg) reduces the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. MeOH ext. and its ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc Fr.), but not the H2O fraction, had a significant relaxing effect on the thoracic aorta. (-)-aristolone and kanshone H from EtOAc Fr. induced vasorelaxation of the thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, (-)-aristolone treatment upregulated phosphorylation of Akt (T308) and eNOS. Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed an interaction between (-)-aristolone and phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), an upstream protein kinase that phosphorylates Akt at T308. Treatment with PDK1 inhibitor PHT-427 and eNOS inhibitor L-NAME consistently inhibited (-)-aristolone-induced vasorelaxation. In addition, KATP channel inhibitor glibenclamide dramatically inhibited the vasorelaxant effects of (-)-aristolone and kanshone H in the endothelium-denuded thoracic aorta. Finally, (-)-aristolone lowers hypertensive rats' systolic and diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS The extracts of N. jatamansi promote vasorelaxation and alleviate hypertension. The essential chemicals responsible for producing vasorelaxation effects are (-)-aristolone and kanshone H, which activate the PDK1-Akt-eNOS-NO relaxing pathway and stimulate the opening of the KATP channel. These findings point to N. jatamansi and aristolone as possible antihypertensive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Fang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Ran Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Patrick Kwabena Oduro
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Sa Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Ling Leng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 China
| | - Zhimei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yao Rao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lu Niu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Hong-Hua Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 China.
| | - Qilong Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 China.
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Guanxinping Tablets Inhibit ET-1-Induced Proliferation and Migration of MOVAS by Suppressing Activated PI3K/Akt/NF- κB Signaling Cascade. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9485463. [PMID: 35685734 PMCID: PMC9173997 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9485463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells is one of the main causes of atherosclerosis (AS). Therefore, the suppression of abnormal proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells are the important means for the prevention and inhibition of AS. The clinical effects of Guanxinping (GXP) tablets and preliminary clinical research on the topic have proved that GXP can effectively treat coronary heart disease, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to confirm the inhibitory effect of GXP on the abnormal proliferation of mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle (MOVAS) cells and to explore the underlying mechanism. Methods MOVAS cells were divided into two major groups: physiological and pathological groups. In the physiological group, MOVAS cells were directly stimulated with GXP, whereas in the pathological group, the cells were stimulated by endothelin-1 (ET-1) before intervention by GXP. At the same time, atorvastatin calcium, which effectively inhibits the abnormal proliferation of MOVAS cells, was used in the negative control group. CCK8 assay, scratch test, ELISA, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to observe the proliferation and migration of MOVAS cells and the expression levels of related factors after drug intervention in each group. Results In the physiological group, GXP had no significant effect on the proliferation and migration of MOVAS cells and the related factors. In the pathological group, a high dose of GXP reduced the abnormal proliferation and migration of MOVAS cells. Further, it reduced the expression levels of PI3K; inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt (protein kinase B); upregulated IκB-α levels; prevented nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) from entering the nucleus; downregulated the expression of interleukin 6 (IL6), IL-1β, and iNOS; and upregulated the ratio of apoptosis-related factor Bax/Bcl-2. There was no significant difference between the high-dose GXP group and the atorvastatin calcium group (negative control group). Conclusion Our findings revealed that GXP was able to inhibit the proliferation and migration of MOVAS cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway.
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Wang M, Yang TT, Rao Y, Wang ZM, Dong X, Zhang LH, Han L, Zhang Y, Wang T, Zhu Y, Gao XM, Li TX, Wang HY, Xu YT, Wu HH. A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and the analytical methods of the genus Nardostachys. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114446. [PMID: 34339792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plants of the genus Nardostachys (Caprifoliaceae) have been used for a long history in different cultural systems of medicine, including Chinese, Ayurvedic, Korean folk medicine and Islamic, for treatments of disorders in nervous, digestive, cardiovascular and integumentary systems. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to provide comprehensive information on Nardostachys plants including botany update, traditional uses, data mining of uses in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and current Chinese medicinal patents, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, toxicity and analytical method studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies of the genus Nardostachys were collected via Google Scholar and Baidu Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Wiley Online Library, ACS Publications, NLM/NCBI, Web of Science, CNKI, WANFANG DATA, EMBASE, Huabeing database and Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Network and libraries. Some local books, PhD or MS's dissertations were also included. The literatures cited in this review covered the period from 1962 to March 2021. The Plant List and Kew Herbarium Catalogue databases were used to authenticate the scientific name. RESULTS Botany description of Nardostachys genus is updated. Analysis of the literatures indicates that Nardostachys species are valuable herbs with therapeutic potentials for various disorders. Data mining on ancient TCM prescriptions and current Chinese medicinal patents containing Nardostachys revealed its common compatibility with other herbs in China. Phytochemical studies identified terpenoids and phenolic compounds as the main constituents in the genus Nardostachys and sesquiterpenoids as the major bioactive components. Experimental studies demonstrated that crude extracts, major fractions and the main constituents from Nardostachys species mainly exhibited pharmacological activities on nervous, digestive, cardiovascular and skin systems. Further, in vivo and in vitro toxicological studies demonstrated that Nardostachys plants showed either no or low toxicities, except at high doses. Finally, methods of qualitative and quantitative analyses on chemical constituents of genus Nardostachys were summarized, including TLC/HPTLC, GC and HPLC/UPLC methods, combined with common detectors including PDA, DAD and MS. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the progress on phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and analytical methods of the genus Nardostachys. Studies demonstrate traditional uses of the genus Nardostachys, and reveal novel bioactive effects for clinical uses. These achievements expand our knowledge on the genus Nardostachys and its clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Tian-Tian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yao Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Zhi-Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Xueqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Li-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Tian-Xiang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Hai-Ying Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yan-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Hong-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
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Alves-Silva JM, Zuzarte M, Girão H, Salgueiro L. The Role of Essential Oils and Their Main Compounds in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123506. [PMID: 34207498 PMCID: PMC8227493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global health burden that greatly impact patient quality of life and account for a huge number of deaths worldwide. Despite current therapies, several side effects have been reported that compromise patient adherence; thus, affecting therapeutic benefits. In this context, plant metabolites, namely volatile extracts and compounds, have emerged as promising therapeutic agents. Indeed, these compounds, in addition to having beneficial bioactivities, are generally more amenable and present less side effects, allowing better patient tolerance. The present review is an updated compilation of the studies carried out in the last 20 years on the beneficial potential of essential oils, and their compounds, against major risk factors of CVDs. Overall, these metabolites show beneficial potential through a direct effect on these risk factors, namely hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes, or by acting on related targets, or exerting general cellular protection. In general, monoterpenic compounds are the most studied regarding hypotensive and anti-dyslipidemic/antidiabetic properties, whereas phenylpropanoids are very effective at avoiding platelet aggregation. Despite the number of studies performed, clinical trials are sparse and several aspects related to essential oil’s features, namely volatility and chemical variability, need to be considered in order to guarantee their efficacy in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M. Alves-Silva
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.-S.); (M.Z.); (H.G.)
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Zuzarte
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.-S.); (M.Z.); (H.G.)
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.-S.); (M.Z.); (H.G.)
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Gong G, Zheng Y. The anti-UV properties of Saussurea involucrate Matsum. & Koidz. Via regulating PI3K/Akt pathway in B16F10 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113694. [PMID: 33321189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ultra Violet (UV) radiation is the major reason for reactive oxygen species (ROS) forming, skin cell damage, melanin production, and could horribly cause skin cancer. Saussureae Involucratae Herba (SIH) is the aerial part of Saussurea involucrata Matsum. & Koidz. This Material Medica is popular with both in Uyghur and Chinese medicines filed. SIH is one of the famous species of the Asteraceae family and which prescribed for skin protection from UV-induced damage according to China Pharmacopeia (2020). However, the detailed working mechanism involved is still not elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY We would like to probe the potential transduction pathway of SIH against UV-induced skin cell damages in cultured B16F10 cells. METHODS Western blot, luciferase assay, laser confocal, RT-PCR and flow cytometer were employed here to verify the protective pharmaceutical value of SIH in cultured B16F10 cells after UV pre-treatment. RESULTS Our result revealed that SIH attenuates ROS formation after UV-induced damage in B16F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the transcriptional and translational anti-oxidative encoding genes were up-regulated under the presence of SIH. Further studies showed that SIH activated transcriptional activity of anti-oxidant response element (ARE). Moreover, we found that SIH dramatically stimulates PI3K/Akt phosphorylation in cultured B16F10 cells, this result was further verified by its specific inhibitors, LY294002 and Tocris. CONCLUSION Our findings concluded that SIH protect melanoma cells from UV damages via activating PI3K/Akt signaling and which could provide scientific evidence for anti-UV pharmaceutical values of this herbal extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, China
| | - Yuzhong Zheng
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong, 521041, China.
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Bodiga VL, Bathula J, Kudle MR, Vemuri PK, Bodiga S. Andrographolide suppresses cisplatin-induced endothelial hyperpermeability through activation of PI3K/Akt and eNOS -derived nitric oxide. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115809. [PMID: 33065471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin upregulate the intercellular adhesion molecule expression on the surface of endothelium, which in turn mediates enhanced infiltration by monocytes or leukocytes, resulting in endothelial dysfunction. Here we examined changes induced by andrographolide, a diterpenoid lactone isolated from Andrographis paniculata on endothelial cell activation and hyperpermeability in cisplatin-stimulated endothelial cells. Cisplatin upregulated endothelial ICAM-1 expression, through an NF-κB dependent mechanism, that also required the enhanced translocation of Protein Kinase C-α (PKC) onto the plasma membrane, phosphorylation of transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC), leading to store-operated Ca2+-entry (SOCE), endothelial cell dysfunction and hyperadhesion of U937 monocytes. Pretreatment of endothelial cells with andrographolide prior to stimulation with cisplatin resulted in activation of PI3K/Akt and eNOS, production of nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP, with a consequential lowering of endothelial cell leakiness and improved transendothelial electrical resistance. Andrographolide-induced NO was essential for NF-κB inhibition, lowered ICAM-1 expression as well as prevention of SOCE and reduced the U937 binding to cisplatin-stimulated endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Lakshmi Bodiga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics & Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Begumpet, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jagadeesh Bathula
- Department of Natural Resources Management, Forest College and Research Institute, Mulugu, Siddipet, Telangana, India
| | | | - Praveen Kumar Vemuri
- Department of Biotechnology, KL University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sreedhar Bodiga
- Department of Basic and Social Sciences, Forest College and Research Institute, Mulugu, Siddipet, Telangana, India.
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Yan T, Zhang T, Mu W, Qi Y, Guo S, Hu N, Zhao W, Zhang S, Wang Q, Shi L, Liu L. Ionizing radiation induces BH 4 deficiency by downregulating GTP-cyclohydrolase 1, a novel target for preventing and treating radiation enteritis. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114102. [PMID: 32562786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Radiation enteritis (RE) is a common side effect after radiotherapy for abdominal cancer. RE pathogenesis is complicated, with no drugs available for prevention or treatments. Intestinal ischemia is a key factor in the occurrence and development of enteritis. The effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on intestinal ischemia is unknown. Deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) produced by GTP-cyclohydrolase 1 (Gch1) is important in ischemic diseases. This study focused on the relationship of Gch1/BH4 between intestinal ischemia in radiation enteritis. BH4 levels were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography in humans and rats after radiotherapy. Intestinal blood perfusion was measured by laser doppler flow imaging. Vascular ring tests determined the diastolic functions of rat mesenteric arteries. Gene, protein, and immunohistochemical staining experiments and inhibitor interventions were used to investigate Gch1 and endothelial NOS (eNOS) in rat mesenteric arteries and endothelial cells. The results showed that IR decreased BH4 levels in patients and rats after radiotherapy and decreased intestinal blood perfusion in rats. The degree of change in intestinal ischemia was consistent with intestinal villus injury. Gch1 mRNA and protein levels and nitric oxide (NO) production significantly decreased, while eNOS uncoupling in arterial and vascular endothelial cells strongly increased. BH4 supplementation improved eNOS uncoupling and NO levels in vascular endothelia after IR. The results of this study showed that downregulation of Gch1 in intestinal blood vessels after IR is an important target in RE. BH4 supplementation may prevent intestinal ischemia and improve vascular endothelial function after IR. These findings have clinical significance for the prevention and treatment of RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yuhong Qi
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Shun Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Weihe Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qinhui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Linna Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
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Wang C, Chang CC, Wang L, Yuan F. Inhibition of Caspases Improves Non-Viral T Cell Receptor Editing. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2603. [PMID: 32933048 PMCID: PMC7565551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) knockout is a critical step in producing universal chimeric antigen receptor T cells for cancer immunotherapy. A promising approach to achieving the knockout is to deliver the CRISPR/Cas9 system into cells using electrotransfer technology. However, clinical applications of the technology are currently limited by the low cell viability. In this study, we attempt to solve the problem by screening small molecule drugs with an immortalized human T cell line, Jurkat clone E6-1, for inhibition of apoptosis. The study identifies a few caspase inhibitors that could be used to simultaneously enhance the cell viability and the efficiency of plasmid DNA electrotransfer. Additionally, we show that the enhancement could be achieved through knockdown of caspase 3 expression in siRNA treated cells, suggesting that the cell death in electrotransfer experiments was caused mainly by caspase 3-dependent apoptosis. Finally, we investigated if the caspase inhibitors could improve TCR gene-editing with electrotransferred ribonucleoprotein, a complex of Cas9 protein and a T cell receptor-α constant (TRAC)-targeting single guide RNA (sgRNA). Our data showed that inhibition of caspases post electrotransfer could significantly increase cell viability without compromising the TCR disruption efficiency. These new findings can be used to improve non-viral T cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; (C.W.); (C.-C.C.); or (L.W.)
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Cornara L, Ambu G, Trombetta D, Denaro M, Alloisio S, Frigerio J, Labra M, Ghimire G, Valussi M, Smeriglio A. Comparative and Functional Screening of Three Species Traditionally used as Antidepressants: Valeriana officinalis L., Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Roxb. and Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080994. [PMID: 32764268 PMCID: PMC7464919 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The essential oils (EOs) of three Caprifoliaceae species, the Eurasiatic Valeriana officinalis (Vo), the Himalayan Valeriana jatamansi (Vj) and Nardostachys jatamansi (Nj), are traditionally used to treat neurological disorders. Roots/rhizomes micromorphology, DNA barcoding and EOs phytochemical characterization were carried out, while biological effects on the nervous system were assessed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and microelectrode arrays (MEA). Nj showed the highest inhibitory activity on AChE (IC50 67.15 μg/mL) followed by Vo (IC50 127.30 μg/mL) and Vj (IC50 246.84 μg/mL). MEA analyses on rat cortical neurons, carried out by recording mean firing rate (MFR) and mean bursting rate (MBR), revealed stronger inhibition by Nj (IC50 18.8 and 11.1 μg/mL) and Vo (16.5 and 22.5 μg/mL), compared with Vj (68.5 and 89.3 μg/mL). These results could be related to different EO compositions, since sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes significantly contribute to the observed effects, but the presence of oxygenated compounds such as aldehydes and ketones is a discriminating factor in determining the order of potency. Our multidisciplinary approach represents an important tool to avoid the adulteration of herbal drugs and permits the evaluation of the effectiveness of EOs that could be used for a wide range of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cornara
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Gabriele Ambu
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (D.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (D.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Susanna Alloisio
- ETT Spa, via Sestri 37, 16154 Genova, Italy;
- Institute of Biophysics-CNR, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Govinda Ghimire
- Nepal Herbs and Herbal Products Association, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
| | - Marco Valussi
- European Herbal and Traditional Medicine Practitioners Association (EHTPA), Norwich 13815, UK;
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (D.T.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0906-764-039
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10
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Zhang XN, Ma ZJ, Wang Y, Sun B, Guo X, Pan CQ, Chen LM. Angelica Dahurica ethanolic extract improves impaired wound healing by activating angiogenesis in diabetes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177862. [PMID: 28542422 PMCID: PMC5443501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal angiogenesis plays an important role in impaired wound healing and development of chronic wounds in diabetes mellitus. Angelica dahurica radix is a common traditional Chinese medicine with wide spectrum medicinal effects. In this study, we analyzed the potential roles of Angelica dahurica ethanolic extract (ADEE) in correcting impaired angiogenesis and delayed wound healing in diabetes by using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. ADEE treatment accelerated diabetic wound healing through inducing angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation. The angiogenic property of ADEE was subsequently verified ex vivo using aortic ring assays. Furthermore, we investigated the in vitro angiogenic activity of ADEE and its underlying mechanisms using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ADEE treatment induced HUVECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation, which are typical phenomena of angiogenesis, in dose-dependent manners. These effects were associated with activation of angiogenic signal modulators, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), Akt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as well as increased NO production, and independent of affecting VEGF expression. ADEE-induced angiogenic events were inhibited by the MEK inhibitor PD98059, the PI3K inhibitor Wortmannin, and the eNOS inhibitor L-NAME. Our findings highlight an angiogenic role of ADEE and its ability to protect against impaired wound healing, which may be developed as a promising therapy for impaired angiogenesis and delayed wound healing in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Zhang
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Jun Ma
- From 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Disease Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- From 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Disease Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Sun
- From 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Disease Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Guo
- From 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Disease Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Qing Pan
- From 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Disease Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Chen
- From 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Disease Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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11
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Miernisha A, Bi CWC, Cheng LKW, Xing JG, Liu J, Maiwulanjiang M, Aisa HA, Dong TTX, Lin H, Huang Y, Tsim KWK. Badiranji Buya Keli, a Traditional Uyghur Medicine, Induces Vasodilation in Rat Artery: Signaling Mediated by Nitric Oxide Production in Endothelial Cells. Phytother Res 2015; 30:16-24. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Miernisha
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Road Hong Kong China
| | - Cathy W. C. Bi
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Road Hong Kong China
| | - Lily K. W. Cheng
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Road Hong Kong China
| | - J. G. Xing
- The Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica; Urumqi China
| | - J. Liu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - M. Maiwulanjiang
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Road Hong Kong China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Natural Products Chemistry; Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Urumqi China
| | - H. A. Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Natural Products Chemistry; Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Urumqi China
| | - Tina T. X. Dong
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Road Hong Kong China
| | - Huangquan Lin
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Road Hong Kong China
| | - Y. Huang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Karl W. K. Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Road Hong Kong China
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