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Mao Y, Yang Y, Lin F, Chu H, Zhou L, Han J, Zhou J, Su X. Functional Analysis of Stress Resistance of Bacillus cereus SCL10 Strain Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1168. [PMID: 38930550 PMCID: PMC11206075 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, motile, and spore-forming bacterium, designated SCL10, was isolated from Acaudina molpadioides exposure to Co-60 radiation. In this study, whole-genome sequencing was performed to identify the strain as Bacillus cereus and functional characterization, with a focus on stress resistance. The genome of the B. cereus SCL10 strain was sequenced and assembled, revealing a size of 4,979,182 bp and 5167 coding genes. The genes involved in biological functions were annotated by using the GO, COG, KEGG, NR, and Swiss-Prot databases. The results showed that genes related to alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (ahpC, ahpF), DNA-binding proteins from starved cells (dps), spore and biofilm formation (spoVG, spo0A, gerP), cold shock-like protein (cspC, cspE), ATP-dependent chaperone (clpB), and photolyase, small, acid-soluble spore protein (SASP) and DNA repair protein (recA, radD) could explain the stress resistance. These findings suggest that antioxidant activity, sporulation, biofilm formation, and DNA protection may be considered as the main resistance mechanisms under exposure to radiation in the B. cereus SCL10 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (H.C.); (L.Z.); (J.H.); (X.S.)
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (H.C.); (L.Z.); (J.H.); (X.S.)
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Fu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (H.C.); (L.Z.); (J.H.); (X.S.)
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Hanyu Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (H.C.); (L.Z.); (J.H.); (X.S.)
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Lijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (H.C.); (L.Z.); (J.H.); (X.S.)
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Jiaojiao Han
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (H.C.); (L.Z.); (J.H.); (X.S.)
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (H.C.); (L.Z.); (J.H.); (X.S.)
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Xiurong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (H.C.); (L.Z.); (J.H.); (X.S.)
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
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Huessy B, Bumann D, Ebert D. Ectopical expression of bacterial collagen-like protein supports its role as adhesin in host-parasite coevolution. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231441. [PMID: 38577215 PMCID: PMC10987987 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
For a profound understanding of antagonistic coevolution, it is necessary to identify the coevolving genes. The bacterium Pasteuria and its host, the microcrustacean Daphnia, are a well-characterized paradigm for co-evolution, but the underlying genes remain largely unknown. A genome-wide association study suggested a Pasteuria collagen-like protein 7 (Pcl7) as a candidate mediating parasite attachment and driving its coevolution with the host. Since Pasteuria ramosa cannot currently be genetically manipulated, we used Bacillus thuringiensis to express a fusion protein of a Pcl7 carboxy-terminus from P. ramosa and the amino-terminal domain of a B. thuringiensis collagen-like protein (CLP). Mutant B. thuringiensis (Pcl7-Bt) spores but not wild-type B. thuringiensis (WT-Bt) spores attached to the same site of susceptible hosts as P. ramosa. Furthermore, Pcl7-Bt spores attached readily to susceptible host genotypes, but only slightly to resistant host genotypes. These findings indicated that the fusion protein was properly expressed and folded and demonstrated that indeed the C-terminus of Pcl7 mediates attachment in a host genotype-specific manner. These results provide strong evidence for the involvement of a CLP in the coevolution of Daphnia and P. ramosa and open new avenues for genetic epidemiological studies of host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Huessy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Basel4051, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel4056, Switzerland
| | | | - Dieter Ebert
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Basel4051, Switzerland
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Tian Y, Liu Y, Uwaremwe C, Zhao X, Yue L, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Tran LSP, Li W, Chen G, Sha Y, Wang R. Characterization of three new plant growth-promoting microbes and effects of the interkingdom interactions on plant growth and disease prevention. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1757-1776. [PMID: 37674059 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The novel interkingdom PGPM consortia enhanced the ability of plant growth promotion and disease resistance, which would be beneficial to improve plant growth in sustainable agriculture through engineering microbiome. Plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPMs) play important roles in promoting plant growth and bio-controlling of pathogens. Much information reveals that the plant growth-promoting ability of individual PGPM affects plant growth. However, the effects of the PGPM consortia properties on plant growth remain largely unexplored. Here, we characterized three new PGPM strains including Rhodotorula graminis JJ10.1 (termed as J), Pseudomonas psychrotolerans YY7 (termed as Y) and P. chlororaphis T8 (termed as T), and assessed their effects in combination with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 (termed as F) on plant growth promotion and disease prevention in Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants by investigating morphological changes, whole-genome sequencing and plant growth promoting (PGP) characterization. Results revealed that the three new strains R. graminis JJ10.1, P. psychrotolerans YY7 and P. chlororaphis T8 had the potential for being combined with B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 to form interkingdom PGPM consortia. The combinations of R. graminis JJ10.1, B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42, and P. psychrotolerans YY7, i. e. JF and JYF, exhibited the strongest ability of synergetic biofilm production. Furthermore, the growth-promotion abilities of the consortia were significantly enhanced compared with those of individual strains under both inoculation and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) treatment. Importantly, the consortia showed stronger abilities of in planta disease prevention than individual strains. Findings of our study may provide future guidance for engineering the minimal microbiome communities to improve plant growth and/or disease resistance in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Constantine Uwaremwe
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yue
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro-Ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, 130102, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofeng Chen
- Gansu Shangnong Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Baiyin, 730900, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexia Sha
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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Huang L, Chen L, Chen H, Wang M, Jin L, Zhou S, Gao L, Li R, Li Q, Wang H, Zhang C, Wang J. Biomimetic Scaffolds for Tendon Tissue Regeneration. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:246. [PMID: 37366841 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon tissue connects muscle to bone and plays crucial roles in stress transfer. Tendon injury remains a significant clinical challenge due to its complicated biological structure and poor self-healing capacity. The treatments for tendon injury have advanced significantly with the development of technology, including the use of sophisticated biomaterials, bioactive growth factors, and numerous stem cells. Among these, biomaterials that the mimic extracellular matrix (ECM) of tendon tissue would provide a resembling microenvironment to improve efficacy in tendon repair and regeneration. In this review, we will begin with a description of the constituents and structural features of tendon tissue, followed by a focus on the available biomimetic scaffolds of natural or synthetic origin for tendon tissue engineering. Finally, we will discuss novel strategies and present challenges in tendon regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvxing Huang
- School of Savaid Stomatology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Le Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hengyi Chen
- School of Savaid Stomatology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Manju Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Letian Jin
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shenghai Zhou
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Lexin Gao
- School of Savaid Stomatology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ruwei Li
- School of Savaid Stomatology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Quan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hanchang Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Cell Density-Regulated Adhesins Contribute to Early Disease Development and Adhesion in Ralstonia solanacearum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0156522. [PMID: 36688670 PMCID: PMC9973027 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01565-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesins (adhesive proteins) help bacteria stick to and colonize diverse surfaces and often contribute to virulence. The genome of the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) encodes dozens of putative adhesins, some of which are upregulated during plant pathogenesis. Little is known about the role of these proteins in bacterial wilt disease. During tomato colonization, three putative Rs adhesin genes were upregulated in a ΔphcA quorum-sensing mutant that cannot respond to high cell densities: radA (Ralstonia adhesin A), rcpA (Ralstonia collagen-like protein A), and rcpB. Based on this differential gene expression, we hypothesized that adhesins repressed by PhcA contribute to early disease stages when Rs experiences a low cell density. During root colonization, Rs upregulated rcpA and rcpB, but not radA, relative to bacteria in the stem at mid-disease. Root attachment assays and confocal microscopy with ΔrcpA/B and ΔradA revealed that all three adhesins help Rs attach to tomato seedling roots. Biofilm assays on abiotic surfaces found that Rs does not require RadA, RcpA, or RcpB for interbacterial attachment (cohesion), but these proteins are essential for anchoring aggregates to a surface (adhesion). However, Rs did not require the adhesins for later disease stages in planta, including colonization of the root endosphere and stems. Interestingly, all three adhesins were essential for full competitive fitness in planta. Together, these infection stage-specific assays identified three proteins that contribute to adhesion and the critical first host-pathogen interaction in bacterial wilt disease. IMPORTANCE Every microbe must balance its need to attach to surfaces with the biological imperative to move and spread. The high-impact plant-pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum can stick to biotic and abiotic substrates, presumably using some of the dozens of putative adhesins encoded in its genome. We confirmed the functions and identified the biological roles of multiple afimbrial adhesins. By assaying the competitive fitness and the success of adhesin mutants in three different plant compartments, we identified the specific disease stages and host tissues where three previously cryptic adhesins contribute to success in plants. Combined with tissue-specific regulatory data, this work indicates that R. solanacearum deploys distinct adhesins that help it succeed at different stages of plant pathogenesis.
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Wang Q, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Chen H, Song J, Lyu M, Chen R, Zhang L. Comparative genomic analyses reveal genetic characteristics and pathogenic factors of Bacillus pumilus HM-7. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1008648. [PMID: 36419435 PMCID: PMC9677121 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1008648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus pumilus plays an important role in industrial application and biocontrol activities, as well as causing humans and plants disease, leading to economic losses and biosafety concerns. However, until now, the pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms of B. pumilus strains remain unclear. In our previous study, one representative isolate of B. pumilus named HM-7 has been recovered and proved to be the causal agent of fruit rot on muskmelon (Cucumis melo). Herein, we present a complete and annotated genome sequence of HM-7 that contains 4,111 coding genes in a single 3,951,520 bp chromosome with 41.04% GC content. A total of 3,481 genes were functionally annotated with the GO, COG, and KEGG databases. Pan-core genome analysis of HM-7 and 20 representative B. pumilus strains, as well as six closely related Bacillus species, discovered 740 core genes and 15,205 genes in the pan-genome of 21 B. pumilus strains, in which 485 specific-genes were identified in HM-7 genome. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), and whole-genome-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that HM-7 was most closely related to the C4, GR8, MTCC-B6033, TUAT1 and SH-B11 strains, but evolutionarily distinct from other strains in B. pumilus. Collinearity analysis of the six similar B. pumilus strains showed high levels of synteny but also several divergent regions for each strains. In the HM-7 genome, we identified 484 genes in the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme) class, 650 genes encoding virulence factors, and 1,115 genes associated with pathogen-host interactions. Moreover, three HM-7-specific regions were determined, which contained 424 protein-coding genes. Further investigation of these genes showed that 19 pathogenesis-related genes were mainly associated with flagella formation and secretion of toxic products, which might be involved in the virulence of strain HM-7. Our results provided detailed genomic and taxonomic information for the HM-7 strain, and discovered its potential pathogenic mechanism, which lay a foundation for developing effective prevention and control strategies against this pathogen in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiju Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Huamin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghua Song
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingjie Lyu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lixin Zhang,
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Picker J, Lan Z, Arora S, Green M, Hahn M, Cosgriff-Hernandez E, Hook M. Prokaryotic Collagen-Like Proteins as Novel Biomaterials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:840939. [PMID: 35372322 PMCID: PMC8968730 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.840939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagens are the major structural component in animal extracellular matrices and are critical signaling molecules in various cell-matrix interactions. Its unique triple helical structure is enabled by tripeptide Gly-X-Y repeats. Understanding of sequence requirements for animal-derived collagen led to the discovery of prokaryotic collagen-like protein in the early 2000s. These prokaryotic collagen-like proteins are structurally similar to mammalian collagens in many ways. However, unlike the challenges associated with recombinant expression of mammalian collagens, these prokaryotic collagen-like proteins can be readily expressed in E. coli and are amenable to genetic modification. In this review article, we will first discuss the properties of mammalian collagen and provide a comparative analysis of mammalian collagen and prokaryotic collagen-like proteins. We will then review the use of prokaryotic collagen-like proteins to both study the biology of conventional collagen and develop a new biomaterial platform. Finally, we will describe the application of Scl2 protein, a streptococcal collagen-like protein, in thromboresistant coating for cardiovascular devices, scaffolds for bone regeneration, chronic wound dressing and matrices for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Picker
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ziyang Lan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Srishtee Arora
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mykel Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Mariah Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | | | - Magnus Hook
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M, Houston, TX, United States
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Huang R, Feng H, Xu Z, Zhang N, Liu Y, Shao J, Shen Q, Zhang R. Identification of Adhesins in Plant Beneficial Rhizobacteria Bacillus velezensis SQR9 and Their Effect on Root Colonization. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:64-72. [PMID: 34698535 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-21-0234-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic Bacillus colonization of plant root surfaces has been reported to improve its beneficial effect. Chemotaxis, adhesion, aggregation, and biofilm formation are the four steps of root colonization by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs). Compared with the other three well-studied processes, adhesion of PGPRs is less known. In this study, using mutant strains deleted for potential adhesin genes in PGPR strain Bacillus velezensis SQR9, adherence to both cucumber root surface and abiotic surface by those strains was evaluated. Results showed that deletion mutations ΔlytB, ΔV529_10500, ΔfliD, ΔyhaN, and ΔsacB reduced the adhesion to root surfaces, while, among them, only ΔfliD had significant defects in adhesion to abiotic surfaces (glass and polystyrene). In addition, B. velevzensis SQR9 mutants defective in adhesion to root surfaces showed a deficiency in rhizosphere colonization. Among the encoded proteins, FliD and YhaN played vital roles in root adhesion. This research systematically explored the potential adhesins in a well-studied PGPR strain and also indicated that adhesion progress was required for root colonization, which will help to enhance rhizosphere colonization and beneficial function of PGPRs in agricultural production.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Haichao Feng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Shao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ruifu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
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9
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Zhou L, Song C, Muñoz CY, Kuipers OP. Bacillus cabrialesii BH5 Protects Tomato Plants Against Botrytis cinerea by Production of Specific Antifungal Compounds. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:707609. [PMID: 34539606 PMCID: PMC8441496 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.707609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gray mold caused by the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea presents a threat to global food security. For the biological regulation of several plant diseases, Bacillus species have been extensively studied. In this work, we explore the ability of a bacterial strain, Bacillus cabrialesii BH5, that was isolated from tomato rhizosphere soil, to control the fungal pathogen B. cinerea. Strain B. cabrialesii BH5 showed a strong antifungal activity against B. cinerea. A compound was isolated and identified as a cyclic lipopeptide of the fengycin family by high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) that we named fengycin H. The fengycin H-treated hyphae of B. cinerea displayed stronger red fluorescence than the control, which is clearly indicating that fengycin H triggered the hyphal cell membrane defects. Moreover, root inoculation of tomato seedlings with BH5 effectively promoted the growth of tomato plants. Transcription analysis revealed that both BH5 and fengycin H stimulate induced systemic resistance of tomato plants via the jasmonic acid signaling pathway and provide a strong biocontrol effect in vivo. Therefore, the strain BH5 and fengycin H are very promising candidates for biological control of B. cinerea and the associated gray mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Chunxu Song
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Claudia Y Muñoz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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10
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Qiu Y, Zhai C, Chen L, Liu X, Yeo J. Current Insights on the Diverse Structures and Functions in Bacterial Collagen-like Proteins. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [PMID: 33871954 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The dearth of knowledge on the diverse structures and functions in bacterial collagen-like proteins is in stark contrast to the deep grasp of structures and functions in mammalian collagen, the ubiquitous triple-helical scleroprotein that plays a central role in tissue architecture, extracellular matrix organization, and signal transduction. To fill and highlight existing gaps due to the general paucity of data on bacterial CLPs, we comprehensively reviewed the latest insight into their functional and structural diversity from multiple perspectives of biology, computational simulations, and materials engineering. The origins and discovery of bacterial CLPs were explored. Their genetic distribution and molecular architecture were analyzed, and their structural and functional diversity in various bacterial genera was examined. The principal roles of computational techniques in understanding bacterial CLPs' structural stability, mechanical properties, and biological functions were also considered. This review serves to drive further interest and development of bacterial CLPs, not only for addressing fundamental biological problems in collagen but also for engineering novel biomaterials. Hence, both biology and materials communities will greatly benefit from intensified research into the diverse structures and functions in bacterial collagen-like proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Qiu
- National Biopesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biopesticide Branch of Hubei Innovation Centre of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Chenxi Zhai
- J2 Lab for Engineering Living Materials, Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Ling Chen
- National Biopesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biopesticide Branch of Hubei Innovation Centre of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- National Biopesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biopesticide Branch of Hubei Innovation Centre of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, PR China
| | - Jingjie Yeo
- J2 Lab for Engineering Living Materials, Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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11
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Fan B, Wang C, Ding X, Zhu B, Song X, Borriss R. AmyloWiki: an integrated database for Bacillus velezensis FZB42, the model strain for plant growth-promoting Bacilli. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2020; 2019:5520604. [PMID: 31219564 PMCID: PMC6585148 DOI: 10.1093/database/baz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since its isolation 20 years ago, many studies have been devoted to Bacillus velezensis FZB42 (former name Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum FZB42), which has been gradually accepted as a model organism for Gram-positive rhizobacteria. FZB42 is different from another widely studied bacterial strain, Bacillus subtilis 168, in its many features that are closely associated with plants. FZB42 represents a large group of Bacillus isolates that are beneficial to plants and of great importance in agriculture. In this work a database for FZB42 named 'AmyloWiki' is built to integrate all information of FZB42 available to date. The information includes the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, post-translational data as well as FZB42 unique genes, protein regulators, mutant availability, publications and etc. The website is built up with PHP and MySQL with a function of keyword searching, browsing, data-downloading and other functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Fan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Xiaolei Ding
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bingyao Zhu
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaofeng Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt Universität Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany, and Nord Reet UG, Marienstr. 27a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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12
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Abdel-Nour M, Su H, Duncan C, Li S, Raju D, Shamoun F, Valton M, Ginevra C, Jarraud S, Guyard C, Kerman K, Terebiznik MR. Polymorphisms of a Collagen-Like Adhesin Contributes to Legionella pneumophila Adhesion, Biofilm Formation Capacity and Clinical Prevalence. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:604. [PMID: 31024468 PMCID: PMC6460258 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionellosis is a severe respiratory illness caused by the inhalation of aerosolized water droplets contaminated with the opportunistic pathogen Legionella pneumophila. The ability of L. pneumophila to produce biofilms has been associated with its capacity to colonize and persist in human-made water reservoirs and distribution systems, which are the source of legionellosis outbreaks. Nevertheless, the factors that mediate L. pneumophila biofilm formation are largely unknown. In previous studies we reported that the adhesin Legionella collagen-like protein (Lcl), is required for auto-aggregation, attachment to multiple surfaces and the formation of biofilms. Lcl structure contains three distinguishable regions: An N-terminal region with a predicted signal sequence, a central region containing tandem collagen-like repeats (R-domain) and a C-terminal region (C-domain) with no significant homology to other known proteins. Lcl R-domain encodes tandem repeats of the collagenous tripeptide Gly-Xaa-Yaa (GXY), a motif that is key for the molecular organization of mammalian collagen and mediates the binding of collagenous proteins to different cellular and environmental ligands. Interestingly, Lcl is polymorphic in the number of GXY tandem repeats. In this study, we combined diverse biochemical, genetic, and cellular approaches to determine the role of Lcl domains and GXY repeats polymorphisms on the structural and functional properties of Lcl, as well as on bacterial attachment, aggregation and biofilm formation. Our results indicate that the R-domain is key for assembling Lcl collagenous triple-helices and has a more preponderate role over the C-domain in Lcl adhesin binding properties. We show that Lcl molecules oligomerize to form large supramolecular complexes to which both, R and C-domains are required. Furthermore, we found that the number of GXY tandem repeats encoded in Lcl R-domain correlates positively with the binding capabilities of Lcl and with the attachment and biofilm production capacity of L. pneumophila strains. Accordingly, the number of GXY tandem repeats in Lcl influences the clinical prevalence of L. pneumophila strains. Therefore, the number of Lcl tandem repeats could be considered as a potential predictor for virulence in L. pneumophila isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mena Abdel-Nour
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Han Su
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carla Duncan
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shaopei Li
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepa Raju
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Feras Shamoun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marine Valton
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Polytech Clermont-Ferrand, Aubière, France
| | - Christophe Ginevra
- CIRI-International Center for Infectiology Research, Legionella Pathogenesis Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1111, Lyon, France.,Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,National Center for Legionella, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Jarraud
- CIRI-International Center for Infectiology Research, Legionella Pathogenesis Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1111, Lyon, France.,Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,National Center for Legionella, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cyril Guyard
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute, Lyon, France
| | - Kagan Kerman
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mauricio R Terebiznik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Lu X, Liu SF, Yue L, Zhao X, Zhang YB, Xie ZK, Wang RY. Epsc Involved in the Encoding of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 Act to Boost the Drought Tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3795. [PMID: 30501023 PMCID: PMC6320885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria that stimulates plant growth, and enhances resistance to pathogens and tolerance of salt stress. Instead, the mechanistic basis of drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana induced by FZB42 remains unexplored. Here, we constructed an exopolysaccharide-deficient mutant epsC and determined the role of epsC in FZB42-induced drought tolerance in A. thaliana. Results showed that FZB42 significantly enhanced growth and drought tolerance of Arabidopsis by increasing the survival rate, fresh and dry shoot weights, primary root length, root dry weight, lateral root number, and total lateral root length. Coordinated changes were also observed in cellular defense responses, including elevated concentrations of proline and activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, decreased concentrations of malondialdehyde, and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in plants treated with FZB42. The relative expression levels of drought defense-related marker genes, such as RD29A, RD17, ERD1, and LEA14, were also increased in the leaves of FZB42-treated plants. In addition, FZB42 induced the drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by the action of both ethylene and jasmonate, but not abscisic acid. However, plants inoculated with mutant strain epsC were less able to resist drought stress with respect to each of these parameters, indicating that epsC are required for the full benefit of FZB42 inoculation to be gained. Moreover, the mutant strain was less capable of supporting the formation of a biofilm and of colonizing the A. thaliana root. Therefore, epsC is an important factor that allows FZB42 to colonize the roots and induce systemic drought tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lu
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shao-Fang Liu
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Liang Yue
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xia Zhao
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yu-Bao Zhang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhong-Kui Xie
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ruo-Yu Wang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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14
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Bouallegui Y, Ben Younes R, Oueslati R, Sheehan D. Redox proteomic insights into involvement of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in silver nanoparticles toxicity to Mytilus galloprovincialis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205765. [PMID: 30372447 PMCID: PMC6205585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a major mode of nanoparticle (NP) internalization into cells. However, influence of internalization routes on nanoparticle toxicity is poorly understood. Here, we assess the impact of blocking clathrin-mediated endocytosis upon silver NP (AgNP) toxicity to gills and digestive glands of the mussel Mytilusgalloprovincialisusing the uptake inhibitor, amantadine. Animals were exposed for 12h to AgNP (< 50 nm) in the presence and absence of amantadine. Labeling of oxidative protein modifications, either thiol oxidation, carbonyl formation or both in two-dimensional electrophoresis separations revealed 16 differentially affected abundance spots. Amongst these, twelve hypothetical proteins were successfully identified by peptide mass fingerprinting (MALDI TOF-MS/MS). The proteins identified are involved in buffering redox status or in cytoprotection. We conclude that blockade of clathrin-mediated endocytosis protected against NP toxicity, suggesting this uptake pathway facilitates toxicity. Lysosomal degradation and autophagy are major mechanisms that might be induced to mitigate NP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Bouallegui
- Research Unit of Immuno-Microbiology Environmental and Carcinogensis, Sciences Faculty of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Ben Younes
- Research Unit of Immuno-Microbiology Environmental and Carcinogensis, Sciences Faculty of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Oueslati
- Research Unit of Immuno-Microbiology Environmental and Carcinogensis, Sciences Faculty of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - David Sheehan
- Proteomic Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Dept of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Pereira KS, Cayres CA, Chaves JQ, Brito JTD, Rabinovitch L, Vivoni AM. Salad dressing spoilage by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with gas formation. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract B. amyloliquefaciens is a Gram-positive, aerobic, motile rod, often found in soil, which has been described as a plant growth promoter and is used in several industrial processes. This study reports an episode involving the gassy spoilage of salad dressing caused by B. amyloliquefaciens in a production facility located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Nine B. amyloliquefaciens strains were isolated from spoiled salad dressings, the sugar used as a raw material in the manufacture and from the production plant. A genotypic analysis of the isolates by Rep-PCR generated eight band profiles grouped in five Rep-PCR clusters. When re-inoculated into fresh salad dressing three B. amyloliquefaciens isolates belonging to the Rep-PCR clusters A, D and E were able to reproduce the gassy spoilage process, whereas the isolates belonging to the Rep-PCR clusters B and C did not produce any visible spoilage, suggesting that these isolates were not directly involved in the spoilage process. The predominant Rep-PCR cluster, cluster A, included strains isolated from barbecue and passion fruit seed salad dressings and from sugar (raw material), suggesting it is a common source of contamination for such salad dressings.
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16
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Fan B, Li YL, Li L, Peng XJ, Bu C, Wu XQ, Borriss R. Malonylome analysis of rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 reveals involvement of lysine malonylation in polyketide synthesis and plant-bacteria interactions. J Proteomics 2016; 154:1-12. [PMID: 27939684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Using the combination of affinity enrichment and high-resolution LC-MS/MS analysis, we performed a large-scale lysine malonylation analysis in the model representative of Gram-positive plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42. Altogether, 809 malonyllysine sites in 382 proteins were identified. The bioinformatic analysis revealed that lysine malonylation occurs on the proteins involved in a variety of biological functions including central carbon metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism, NAD(P) binding and translation machinery. A group of proteins known to be implicated in rhizobacterium-plant interaction were also malonylated; especially, the enzymes responsible for antibiotic production including polyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs) were highly malonylated. Furthermore, our analysis showed malonylation occurred on proteins structure with higher surface accessibility and appeared to be conserved in many bacteria but not in archaea. The results provide us valuable insights into the potential roles of lysine malonylation in governing bacterial metabolism and cellular processes. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although in mammalian cells some important findings have been discovered that protein malonylation is related to basic metabolism and chronic disease, few studies have been performed on prokaryotic malonylome. In this study, we determined the malonylation profiles of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, a model organism of Gram-positive plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. FZB42 is known for the extensive investigations on its strong ability of producing antimicrobial polyketides and its potent activities of stimulating plant growth. Our analysis shows that malonylation is highly related to the polyketide synthases and the proteins involved bacterial interactions with plants. The results not only provide one of the first malonylomes for exploring the biochemical nature of bacterial proteins, but also shed light on the better understanding of bacterial antibiotic biosynthesis and plant-microbe interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Fan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China.
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China.
| | - Lei Li
- RNA Biology Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Xiao-Jun Peng
- Jingjie PTM Biolabs (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Chen Bu
- Jingjie PTM Biolabs (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Xiao-Qin Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China.
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Fachgebiet Phytomedizin, Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Characterization and evaluation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain WF02 regarding its biocontrol activities and genetic responses against bacterial wilt in two different resistant tomato cultivars. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:183. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Hao HT, Zhao X, Shang QH, Wang Y, Guo ZH, Zhang YB, Xie ZK, Wang RY. Comparative Digital Gene Expression Analysis of the Arabidopsis Response to Volatiles Emitted by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158621. [PMID: 27513952 PMCID: PMC4981348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Some plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) regulated plant growth and elicited plant basal immunity by volatiles. The response mechanism to the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens volatiles in plant has not been well studied. We conducted global gene expression profiling in Arabidopsis after treatment with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 volatiles by Illumina Digital Gene Expression (DGE) profiling of different growth stages (seedling and mature) and tissues (leaves and roots). Compared with the control, 1,507 and 820 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in leaves and roots at the seedling stage, respectively, while 1,512 and 367 DEGs were identified in leaves and roots at the mature stage. Seventeen genes with different regulatory patterns were validated using quantitative RT-PCR. Numerous DEGs were enriched for plant hormones, cell wall modifications, and protection against stress situations, which suggests that volatiles have effects on plant growth and immunity. Moreover, analyzes of transcriptome difference in tissues and growth stage using DGE profiling showed that the plant response might be tissue-specific and/or growth stage-specific. Thus, genes encoding flavonoid biosynthesis were downregulated in leaves and upregulated in roots, thereby indicating tissue-specific responses to volatiles. Genes related to photosynthesis were downregulated at the seedling stage and upregulated at the mature stage, respectively, thereby suggesting growth period-specific responses. In addition, the emission of bacterial volatiles significantly induced killing of cells of other organism pathway with up-regulated genes in leaves and the other three pathways (defense response to nematode, cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation and trichoblast differentiation) with up-regulated genes were significantly enriched in roots. Interestingly, some important alterations in the expression of growth-related genes, metabolic pathways, defense response to biotic stress and hormone-related genes were firstly founded response to FZB42 volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ting Hao
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Han Shang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Guo
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Bao Zhang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Kui Xie
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Yu Wang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Castiblanco LF, Sundin GW. New insights on molecular regulation of biofilm formation in plant-associated bacteria. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 58:362-72. [PMID: 26377849 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are complex bacterial assemblages with a defined three-dimensional architecture, attached to solid surfaces, and surrounded by a self-produced matrix generally composed of exopolysaccharides, proteins, lipids and extracellular DNA. Biofilm formation has evolved as an adaptive strategy of bacteria to cope with harsh environmental conditions as well as to establish antagonistic or beneficial interactions with their host. Plant-associated bacteria attach and form biofilms on different tissues including leaves, stems, vasculature, seeds and roots. In this review, we examine the formation of biofilms from the plant-associated bacterial perspective and detail the recently-described mechanisms of genetic regulation used by these organisms to orchestrate biofilm formation on plant surfaces. In addition, we describe plant host signals that bacterial pathogens recognize to activate the transition from a planktonic lifestyle to multicellular behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa F Castiblanco
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences and Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - George W Sundin
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences and Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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20
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Zhao X, Wang R, Shang Q, Hao H, Li Y, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Wang Y, Xie Z. The new flagella-associated collagen-like proteins ClpB and ClpC of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 are involved in bacterial motility. Microbiol Res 2015; 184:25-31. [PMID: 26856450 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Collagen-like proteins (CLPs) share the distinctive Gly-X-Thr repeating amino acid sequence of animal collagens, and contain N- and C-terminal domain making a collagen-like structure in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. Our previous study demonstrated that CLPs play important roles in biofilm construction and adherence to the surfaces on plant roots. However, bacterial localization of the CLPs remains unclear. Here, disrupted strains on all four clp genes (clpA, clpB, clpC and clpD) shown fewer filament than wild-type bacteria in extracellular matrix under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the differences on filament which associated on the cell surface, then the CLPs mutation strains showed less flagella than the wild type. Immunogold labeling determined the location that ClpB and ClpC localized on the flagella surface. In addition, western blotting analysis of crude flagella extracts suggested that the ClpB and ClpC are associated to flagella as well. The mutation strains also reduced motility of swimming on the surface of soft agar medium and changed the architectural of microcolony biofilm edge. The study suggests that collagen-like protein ClpB and ClpC, as novel proteins, associated with flagella in B. amyloliquefaciens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Qianhan Shang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiting Hao
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yubao Zhang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Guo
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongkui Xie
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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21
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Fan B, Li L, Chao Y, Förstner K, Vogel J, Borriss R, Wu XQ. dRNA-Seq Reveals Genomewide TSSs and Noncoding RNAs of Plant Beneficial Rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142002. [PMID: 26540162 PMCID: PMC4634765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum FZB42 is a representative of Gram-positive plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that inhabit plant root environments. In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms of bacteria-plant symbiosis, we have systematically analyzed the primary transcriptome of strain FZB42 grown under rhizosphere-mimicking conditions using differential RNA sequencing (dRNA-seq). Our analysis revealed 4,877 transcription start sites for protein-coding genes, identified genes differentially expressed under different growth conditions, and corrected many previously mis-annotated genes. We also identified a large number of riboswitches and cis-encoded antisense RNAs, as well as trans-encoded small noncoding RNAs that may play important roles in the gene regulation of Bacillus. Overall, our analyses provided a landscape of Bacillus primary transcriptome and improved the knowledge of rhizobacteria-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Fan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (BF); (XW)
| | - Lei Li
- RNA Biology Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yanjie Chao
- RNA Biology Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Förstner
- RNA Biology Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Vogel
- RNA Biology Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Fachgebiet Phytomedizin, Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiao-Qin Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (BF); (XW)
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22
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Matrix Production, Pigment Synthesis, and Sporulation in a Marine Isolated Strain of Bacillus pumilus. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6472-88. [PMID: 26506360 PMCID: PMC4626701 DOI: 10.3390/md13106472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to produce an extracellular matrix and form multicellular communities is an adaptive behavior shared by many bacteria. In Bacillus subtilis, the model system for spore-forming bacteria, matrix production is one of the possible differentiation pathways that a cell can follow when vegetative growth is no longer feasible. While in B. subtilis the genetic system controlling matrix production has been studied in detail, it is still unclear whether other spore formers utilize similar mechanisms. We report that SF214, a pigmented strain of Bacillus pumilus isolated from the marine environment, can produce an extracellular matrix relying on orthologs of many of the genes known to be important for matrix synthesis in B. subtilis. We also report a characterization of the carbohydrates forming the extracellular matrix of strain SF214. The isolation and characterization of mutants altered in matrix synthesis, pigmentation, and spore formation suggest that in strain SF214 the three processes are strictly interconnected and regulated by a common molecular mechanism.
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Hao W, Lv J, Li Y, Chen L, Zhu J. The effect of metal ions on the microbial attachment ability of flocculent activate sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:722-731. [PMID: 26465680 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1080307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of biofilm structure, microbial attachment was believed to play an important role in the aggregation and stability of flocculent activated sludge (FAS), and also its translation to aerobic granular activated sludge (AGAS). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, K+, and Na+, which were frequently found in the biological wastewater-treatment systems on the microbial attachment of FAS, in order to provide a new strategy for the cultivation of FAS and AGAS. The results showed that different metal ions had different effects on the process of microbial attachment of FAS; in particular, Cu2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+ could increase the microbial attachment ability of FAS at appropriate concentrations, and disrupted the process at higher concentrations. Mg2+ would greatly enhance the microbial attachment of FAS at lower concentrations but then the biomass of attachment was fallen down to a level close to that of the control. However, Ca2+), K+, and Na+ always exhibited a positive impact on the microbial attachment of FAS. Besides, the concentration of FAS suspension and the culture time both had an effect on the microbial attachment of FAS. Moreover, the acyl-homoserine-lactones-based quorum-sensing system, the content of EPS, and the relative hydrophobicity of FAS had been greatly influenced by metal ions. As all these parameters had close relationships with microbial attachment process, changes in these parameters may affect the microbial attachment of FAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hao
- a School of Environment, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Lv
- a School of Environment, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yaochen Li
- a School of Environment, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Chen
- b State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Zhu
- a School of Environment, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
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The SmeYZ efflux pump of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia contributes to drug resistance, virulence-related characteristics, and virulence in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:4067-73. [PMID: 25918140 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00372-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The resistance-nodulation-division (RND)-type efflux pump is one of the causes of the multidrug resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The roles of the RND-type efflux pump in physiological functions and virulence, in addition to antibiotic extrusion, have attracted much attention. In this study, the contributions of the constitutively expressed SmeYZ efflux pump to drug resistance, virulence-related characteristics, and virulence were evaluated. S. maltophilia KJ is a clinical isolate of multidrug resistance. The smeYZ isogenic deletion mutant, KJΔYZ, was constructed by a gene replacement strategy. The antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence-related physiological characteristics, susceptibility to human serum and neutrophils, and in vivo virulence between KJ and KJΔYZ were comparatively assessed. The SmeYZ efflux pump contributed resistance to aminoglycosides and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Inactivation of smeYZ resulted in attenuation of oxidative stress susceptibility, swimming, flagella formation, biofilm formation, and secreted protease activity. Furthermore, loss of SmeYZ increased susceptibility to human serum and neutrophils and decreased in vivo virulence in a murine model. These findings suggest the possibility of attenuation of the resistance and virulence of S. maltophilia with inhibitors of the SmeYZ efflux pump.
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