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Baumert P, Mäntyselkä S, Schönfelder M, Heiber M, Jacobs MJ, Swaminathan A, Minderis P, Dirmontas M, Kleigrewe K, Meng C, Gigl M, Ahmetov II, Venckunas T, Degens H, Ratkevicius A, Hulmi JJ, Wackerhage H. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy rewires glucose metabolism: An experimental investigation and systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024. [PMID: 38742477 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proliferating cancer cells shift their metabolism towards glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen, to especially generate glycolytic intermediates as substrates for anabolic reactions. We hypothesize that a similar metabolic remodelling occurs during skeletal muscle hypertrophy. METHODS We used mass spectrometry in hypertrophying C2C12 myotubes in vitro and plantaris mouse muscle in vivo and assessed metabolomic changes and the incorporation of the [U-13C6]glucose tracer. We performed enzyme inhibition of the key serine synthesis pathway enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Phgdh) for further mechanistic analysis and conducted a systematic review to align any changes in metabolomics during muscle growth with published findings. Finally, the UK Biobank was used to link the findings to population level. RESULTS The metabolomics analysis in myotubes revealed insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-induced altered metabolite concentrations in anabolic pathways such as pentose phosphate (ribose-5-phosphate/ribulose-5-phosphate: +40%; P = 0.01) and serine synthesis pathway (serine: -36.8%; P = 0.009). Like the hypertrophy stimulation with IGF-1 in myotubes in vitro, the concentration of the dipeptide l-carnosine was decreased by 26.6% (P = 0.001) during skeletal muscle growth in vivo. However, phosphorylated sugar (glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate or glucose-1-phosphate) decreased by 32.2% (P = 0.004) in the overloaded muscle in vivo while increasing in the IGF-1-stimulated myotubes in vitro. The systematic review revealed that 10 metabolites linked to muscle hypertrophy were directly associated with glycolysis and its interconnected anabolic pathways. We demonstrated that labelled carbon from [U-13C6]glucose is increasingly incorporated by ~13% (P = 0.001) into the non-essential amino acids in hypertrophying myotubes, which is accompanied by an increased depletion of media serine (P = 0.006). The inhibition of Phgdh suppressed muscle protein synthesis in growing myotubes by 58.1% (P < 0.001), highlighting the importance of the serine synthesis pathway for maintaining muscle size. Utilizing data from the UK Biobank (n = 450 243), we then discerned genetic variations linked to the serine synthesis pathway (PHGDH and PSPH) and to its downstream enzyme (SHMT1), revealing their association with appendicular lean mass in humans (P < 5.0e-8). CONCLUSIONS Understanding the mechanisms that regulate skeletal muscle mass will help in developing effective treatments for muscle weakness. Our results provide evidence for the metabolic rewiring of glycolytic intermediates into anabolic pathways during muscle growth, such as in serine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Baumert
- School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention (OSMI), UMIT TIROL - Private University for Health Sciences and Health Technology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sakari Mäntyselkä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Martin Schönfelder
- School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Heiber
- School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Sport Science, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Mika Jos Jacobs
- School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anandini Swaminathan
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Petras Minderis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mantas Dirmontas
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Karin Kleigrewe
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Gigl
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tomas Venckunas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Hans Degens
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Aivaras Ratkevicius
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Nissinen TA, Hentilä J, Fachada V, Lautaoja JH, Pasternack A, Ritvos O, Kivelä R, Hulmi JJ. Muscle follistatin gene delivery increases muscle protein synthesis independent of periodical physical inactivity and fasting. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21387. [PMID: 33559263 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002008r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Blocking of myostatin and activins effectively counteracts muscle atrophy. However, the potential interaction with physical inactivity and fasting in the regulation of muscle protein synthesis is poorly understood. We used blockade of myostatin and activins by recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated follistatin (FS288) overexpression in mouse tibialis anterior muscle. To investigate the effects on muscle protein synthesis, muscles were collected 7 days after rAAV-injection in the nighttime or in the daytime representing high and low levels of activity and feeding, respectively, or after overnight fasting, refeeding, or ad libitum feeding. Muscle protein synthesis was increased by FS288 independent of the time of the day or the feeding status. However, the activation of mTORC1 signaling by FS288 was attenuated in the daytime and by overnight fasting. FS288 also increased the amount of mTOR colocalized with lysosomes, but did not alter their localization toward the sarcolemma. This study shows that FS288 gene delivery increases muscle protein synthesis largely independent of diurnal fluctuations in physical activity and food intake or feeding status, overriding the physiological signals. This is important for eg cachectic and sarcopenic patients with reduced physical activity and appetite. The FS288-induced increase in mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis may be in part driven by increased amount of mTOR colocalized with lysosomes, but not by their localization toward sarcolemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli A Nissinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jaakko Hentilä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vasco Fachada
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juulia H Lautaoja
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Ostojic SM. Modulation of CT1 Function: From Klotho Protein to Ammonia and Beyond. Front Nutr 2021; 8:660021. [PMID: 34041260 PMCID: PMC8143434 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.660021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej M Ostojic
- FSPE Applied Bioenergetics Lab, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Kvedaras M, Minderis P, Krusnauskas R, Ratkevicius A. Effects of ten-week 30% caloric restriction on metabolic health and skeletal muscles of adult and old C57BL/6J mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Fokin A, Minderis P, Venckunas T, Lionikas A, Kvedaras M, Ratkevicius A. Myostatin dysfunction does not protect from fasting-induced loss of muscle mass in mice. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2019; 19:342-353. [PMID: 31475942 PMCID: PMC6737554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate if myostatin dysfunction can ameliorate fasting-induced muscle wasting. METHODS 18-week old males from Berlin high (BEH) strain with myostatin dysfunction and wild type myostatin (BEH+/+) strain were subjected to 48-h food deprivation (FD). Changes in body composition as well as contractile properties of soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were studied. RESULTS BEH mice were heavier than BEH+/+ mice (56.0±2.5 vs. 49.9±2.8 g, P<0.001, respectively). FD induced similar loss of body mass in BEH and BEH+/+ mice (16.6±2.4 vs. 17.4±2.2%, P>0.05), but only BEH mice experienced wasting of the gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior and plantaris muscles. FD induced a marked decrease in specific muscle force of SOL. EDL of BEH mice tended to be protected from this decline. CONCLUSION Myostatin dysfunction does not protect from loss of muscle mass during fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Fokin
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Petras Minderis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Venckunas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania,Department of Applied Biology and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arimantas Lionikas
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Mindaugas Kvedaras
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aivaras Ratkevicius
- Department of Applied Biology and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania,Corresponding author: Dr. Aivaras Ratkevicius, Department of Applied Biology and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto g. 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania E-mail:
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Satkunskiene D, Ratkevicius A, Kamandulis S, Venckunas T. Effects of myostatin on the mechanical properties of muscles during repeated active lengthening in the mouse. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 44:381-388. [PMID: 30222937 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate how myostatin dysfunction affects fast and slow muscle stiffness and viscosity during severe repeated loading. Isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles of young adult female mice of the BEH (dysfunctional myostatin) and BEH+/+ (functional myostatin) strains were subjected to 100 contraction-stretching loading cycles during which contractile and mechanical properties were assessed. BEH mice exhibited greater exercise-induced muscle damage, although the effect was muscle- and age-dependent and limited to the early phases of simulated exercise. The relative reduction of the EDL muscle isometric force recorded during the initial 10-30 loading cycles was greater in BEH mice than in BEH+/+ mice and exceeded that of the soleus muscle of either strain. The induced damage was associated with lower muscle stiffness. The effects of myostatin on the mechanical properties of muscles depend on muscle type and maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danguole Satkunskiene
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aivaras Ratkevicius
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Kamandulis
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Venckunas
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Paolini A, Omairi S, Mitchell R, Vaughan D, Matsakas A, Vaiyapuri S, Ricketts T, Rubinsztein DC, Patel K. Attenuation of autophagy impacts on muscle fibre development, starvation induced stress and fibre regeneration following acute injury. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9062. [PMID: 29899362 PMCID: PMC5998118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been implicated as a major factor in the development of a number of diseases of skeletal muscle. However, its role in skeletal muscle homeostasis is still evolving. We examined skeletal muscle architecture in a mouse model, Atg16L1, where autophagy is attenuated but importantly still present. We show that muscle fibres from Atg16L1 mice were smaller than wild-type counterparts, proving a role for this process in the growth of these cells. We show that mild attenuation of autophagy results in accelerated muscle loss during the initial phase of acute starvation. Furthermore, we show that regeneration of skeletal muscle following cardiotoxin (CTX) mediated injury is slower in the Atg16L1 mouse compared to wild-type. Lastly, we show that autophagy controls the integrity of the sarcolemma. Attenuated autophagy makes muscle fibres more susceptible to infiltration by circulating immunoglobulins following muscle injury with CTX. These fibres internalise dystrophin and nNOS. Importantly these fibres are able to restore dystrophin and nNOS localisation and do not die. In conclusion, these studies shed new light into the ability of skeletal muscle fibres to cope with injury and establish a link between the fine-tuning of autophagy and skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Paolini
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Saleh Omairi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Robert Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Danielle Vaughan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Antonios Matsakas
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | | | - Thomas Ricketts
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
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Lou Y, Hu M, Mao L, Zheng Y, Jin F. Involvement of serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 in reproductive success. FASEB J 2016; 31:447-456. [PMID: 27871060 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600760r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive processes, in particular events that concern pregnancy, are fine-tuned to produce offspring. Reproductive success is of prime importance for the survival of every species. The highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) was first implicated in infertility as a regulator of a Na+ channel. In this review, we emphasize the prominent role of SGK1 during early pregnancy: 1) balancing uterine luminal fluid secretion and reabsorption to aid blastocyst adhesion and to import nutrients and energy; 2) transducing signals from the blastocyst to the receptive endometrium; 3) inducing multiple genes that are involved in uterine receptivity and trophoblast invasion; 4) regulating cell differentiation and antioxidant defenses at the fetomaternal interface; and 5) contributing to the proliferation and survival of decidual stromal cells. Accordingly, SGK1 coordinates many cellular processes that are crucial to reproductive activities. Aberrant expression or function of SGK1 results in implantation failure and early pregnancy loss. Further investigation of the molecular mechanisms of the function of SGK1 might provide novel diagnostic tools and interventions for reproductive complications.-Lou, Y., Hu, M., Mao, L., Zheng, Y., Jin, F. Involvement of serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 in reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Lou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Gynaecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minhao Hu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luna Mao
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingming Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China; .,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.,Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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Minderis P, Kilikevicius A, Baltusnikas J, Alhindi Y, Venckunas T, Bunger L, Lionikas A, Ratkevicius A. Myostatin dysfunction is associated with reduction in overload induced hypertrophy of soleus muscle in mice. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:894-901. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Minderis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations; Lithuanian Sports University; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - A. Kilikevicius
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations; Lithuanian Sports University; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - J. Baltusnikas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations; Lithuanian Sports University; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Y. Alhindi
- School of Medical Sciences; College of Life Sciences and Medicine; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - T. Venckunas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations; Lithuanian Sports University; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - L. Bunger
- Animal Breeding and Genetics, Animal and Veterinary Sciences group; Scotland's Rural College (SRUC); Edinburgh UK
| | - A. Lionikas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations; Lithuanian Sports University; Kaunas Lithuania
- School of Medical Sciences; College of Life Sciences and Medicine; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - A. Ratkevicius
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations; Lithuanian Sports University; Kaunas Lithuania
- School of Medical Sciences; College of Life Sciences and Medicine; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen Scotland UK
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Correction: Symmorphosis through Dietary Regulation: A Combinatorial Role for Proteolysis, Autophagy and Protein Synthesis in Normalising Muscle Metabolism and Function of Hypertrophic Mice after Acute Starvation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128731. [PMID: 25973836 PMCID: PMC4431886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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