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Burcevs A, Sebris A, Traskovskis K, Chu HW, Chang HT, Jovaišaitė J, Juršėnas S, Turks M, Novosjolova I. Synthesis of Fluorescent C-C Bonded Triazole-Purine Conjugates. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:1091-1097. [PMID: 37460821 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A design toward C-C bonded 2,6-bis(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-9H-purine and 2-piperidinyl-6-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-9H-purine derivatives was established using the combination of Mitsunobu, Sonogashira, copper (I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, and SNAr reactions. 11 examples of 2,6-bistriazolylpurine and 14 examples of 2-piperidinyl-6-triazolylpurine intermediates were obtained, in 38-86% and 41-89% yields, respectively. Obtained triazole-purine conjugates expressed good fluorescent properties which were studied in the solution and in the thin layer film for the first time. Quantum yields reached up to 49% in DMSO for bistriazolylpurines and up to 81% in DCM and up to 95% in DMSO for monotriazolylpurines. Performed biological studies in mouse embryo fibroblast, human keratinocyte, and transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate cell lines showed that most of obtained triazole-purine conjugates are not cytotoxic. The 50% cytotoxic concentration of the tested derivatives was in the range from 59.6 to 1528.7 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksejs Burcevs
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
| | - Armands Sebris
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Traskovskis
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
| | - Han-Wei Chu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials and Technology Innovation, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Justina Jovaišaitė
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis av. 3, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Juršėnas
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis av. 3, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Māris Turks
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
| | - Irina Novosjolova
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia.
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Großkopf J, Plaza M, Kutta RJ, Nuernberger P, Bach T. Creating a Defined Chirality in Amino Acids and Cyclic Dipeptides by Photochemical Deracemization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313606. [PMID: 37793026 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
2,5-Diketopiperazines are cyclic dipeptides displaying a wide range of applications. Their enantioselective preparation has now been found possible from the respective racemates by a photochemical deracemization (53 examples, 74 % to quantitative yield, 71-99 % ee). A chiral benzophenone catalyst in concert with irradiation at λ=366 nm enables to establish the configuration at the stereogenic carbon atom C6 at will. If other stereogenic centers are present in the diketopiperazines they remain unaffected and a stereochemical editing is possible at a single position. Consecutive reactions, including the conversion into N-aryl or N-alkyl amino acids or the reduction to piperazines, occur without compromising the newly created stereogenic center. Transient absorption spectroscopy revealed that the benzophenone catalyst processes one enantiomer of the 2,5-diketopiperazines preferentially and enables a reversible hydrogen atom transfer that is responsible for the deracemization process. The remarkably long lifetime of the protonated ketyl radical implies a yet unprecedented mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Großkopf
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Manuel Plaza
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Roger Jan Kutta
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, D-85747, Garching, Germany
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Algar S, Martín-Martínez M, González-Muñiz R. Evolution in non-peptide α-helix mimetics on the road to effective protein-protein interaction modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113015. [PMID: 33423841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of interactome networks, essentially protein-protein interactions (PPIs), might represent valuable therapeutic approaches to different pathological conditions. Since a high percentage of PPIs are mediated by α-helical structures at the interacting surface, the development of compounds able to reproduce the amino acid side-chain organization of α-helices (e.g. stabilized α-helix peptides and β-derivatives, proteomimetics, and α-helix small-molecule mimetics) focuses the attention of different research groups. This appraisal describes the recent progress in the non-peptide α-helix mimetics field, which has evolved from single-face to multi-face reproducing compounds and from oligomeric to monomeric scaffolds able to bear different substituents in similar spatial dispositions as the side-chains in canonical helices. Grouped by chemical structures, the review contemplates terphenyl-like molecules, oligobenzamides and heterocyclic analogues, benzamide-amino acid conjugates and non-oligomeric small-molecules mimetics, among others, and their effectiveness to stabilize/disrupt therapeutically relevant PPIs. The X-ray structures of a couple of oligomeric peptidomimetics and of some small-molecules complexed with the MDM2 protein, as well as the state of the art on their development in clinical trials, are also remarked. The discovery of a continuously increasing number of new disease-relevant PPIs could offer future opportunities for these and other forthcoming α-helix mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Algar
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC, Juan de La Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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Small-molecule MDM2/X inhibitors and PROTAC degraders for cancer therapy: advances and perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1253-1278. [PMID: 32874827 PMCID: PMC7452049 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking the MDM2/X–P53 protein–protein interaction has been widely recognized as an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancers. Numerous small-molecule MDM2 inhibitors have been reported since the release of the structure of the MDM2–P53 interaction in 1996, SAR405838, NVP-CGM097, MK-8242, RG7112, RG7388, DS-3032b, and AMG232 currently undergo clinical evaluation for cancer therapy. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive and updated overview of MDM2 inhibitors and proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) degraders with a particular focus on how these inhibitors or degraders are identified from starting points, strategies employed, structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies, binding modes or co-crystal structures, biochemical data, mechanistic studies, and preclinical/clinical studies. Moreover, we briefly discuss the challenges of designing MDM2/X inhibitors for cancer therapy such as dual MDM2/X inhibition, acquired resistance and toxicity of P53 activation as well as future directions.
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Ciemny MP, Debinski A, Paczkowska M, Kolinski A, Kurcinski M, Kmiecik S. Protein-peptide molecular docking with large-scale conformational changes: the p53-MDM2 interaction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37532. [PMID: 27905468 PMCID: PMC5131342 DOI: 10.1038/srep37532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-peptide interactions are often associated with large-scale conformational changes that are difficult to study either by classical molecular modeling or by experiment. Recently, we have developed the CABS-dock method for flexible protein-peptide docking that enables large-scale rearrangements of the protein chain. In this study, we use CABS-dock to investigate the binding of the p53-MDM2 complex, an element of the cell cycle regulation system crucial for anti-cancer drug design. Experimental data suggest that p53-MDM2 binding is affected by significant rearrangements of a lid region - the N-terminal highly flexible MDM2 fragment; however, the details are not clear. The large size of the highly flexible MDM2 fragments makes p53-MDM2 intractable for exhaustive binding dynamics studies using atomistic models. We performed extensive dynamics simulations using the CABS-dock method, including large-scale structural rearrangements of MDM2 flexible regions. Without a priori knowledge of the p53 peptide structure or its binding site, we obtained near-native models of the p53-MDM2 complex. The simulation results match well the experimental data and provide new insights into the possible role of the lid fragment in p53 binding. The presented case study demonstrates that CABS-dock methodology opens up new opportunities for protein-peptide docking with large-scale changes of the protein receptor structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Pawel Ciemny
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | | | - Marta Paczkowska
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kolinski
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
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Johansson JR, Beke-Somfai T, Said Stålsmeden A, Kann N. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Azide Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:14726-14768. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan R. Johansson
- Cardiovascular
and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development
Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok
krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Said Stålsmeden
- Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nina Kann
- Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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Lemos A, Leão M, Soares J, Palmeira A, Pinto M, Saraiva L, Sousa ME. Medicinal Chemistry Strategies to Disrupt the p53-MDM2/MDMX Interaction. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:789-844. [PMID: 27302609 DOI: 10.1002/med.21393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The growth inhibitory activity of p53 tumor suppressor is tightly regulated by interaction with two negative regulatory proteins, murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and X (MDMX), which are overexpressed in about half of all human tumors. The elucidation of crystallographic structures of MDM2/MDMX complexes with p53 has been pivotal for the identification of several classes of inhibitors of the p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction. The present review provides in silico strategies and screening approaches used in drug discovery as well as an overview of the most relevant classes of small-molecule inhibitors of the p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction, their progress in pipeline, and highlights particularities of each class of inhibitors. Most of the progress made with high-throughput screening has led to the development of inhibitors belonging to the cis-imidazoline, piperidinone, and spiro-oxindole series. However, novel potent and selective classes of inhibitors of the p53-MDM2 interaction with promising antitumor activity are emerging. Even with the discovery of the 3D structure of complex p53-MDMX, only two small molecules were reported as selective p53-MDMX antagonists, WK298 and SJ-172550. Dual inhibition of the p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction has shown to be an alternative approach since it results in full activation of the p53-dependent pathway. The knowledge of structural requirements crucial to the development of small-molecule inhibitors of the p53-MDMs interactions has enabled the identification of novel antitumor agents with improved in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostinho Lemos
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Leão
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Soares
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua de Bragas, 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucília Saraiva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua de Bragas, 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
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Estrada-Ortiz N, Neochoritis CG, Dömling A. How To Design a Successful p53-MDM2/X Interaction Inhibitor: A Thorough Overview Based on Crystal Structures. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:757-72. [PMID: 26676832 PMCID: PMC4838565 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A recent therapeutic strategy in oncology is based on blocking the protein-protein interaction between the murine double minute (MDM) homologues MDM2/X and the tumor-suppressor protein p53. Inhibiting the binding between wild-type (WT) p53 and its negative regulators MDM2 and/or MDMX has become an important target in oncology to restore the antitumor activity of p53, the so-called guardian of our genome. Interestingly, based on the multiple disclosed compound classes and structural analysis of small-molecule-MDM2 adducts, the p53-MDM2 complex is perhaps the best studied and most targeted protein-protein interaction. Several classes of small molecules have been identified as potent, selective, and efficient inhibitors of the p53-MDM2/X interaction, and many co-crystal structures with the protein are available. Herein we review the properties as well as preclinical and clinical studies of these small molecules and peptides, categorized by scaffold type. A particular emphasis is made on crystallographic structures and the observed binding modes of these compounds, including conserved water molecules present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Estrada-Ortiz
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Constantinos G Neochoritis
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Ozols K, Cīrule D, Novosjolova I, Stepanovs D, Liepinsh E, Bizdēna Ē, Turks M. Development of N6-methyl-2-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2′-deoxyadenosine as a novel fluorophore and its application in nucleotide synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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