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Kundu S, Chandra K, Tyagi K, Pakrashi A, Kumar V. DNA barcoding of freshwater fishes from Brahmaputra River in Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2019; 4:2411-2419. [PMID: 33365567 PMCID: PMC7710314 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1637290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of freshwater fishes is still anonymous in several drainage systems in northeast India. Moreover, the comparative genetic analysis is largely sporadic to judge their actual diversity and true status. We generated 89 DNA barcodes of 40 morphologically identified fishes collected from two major tributaries of Brahmaputra River. The comparative study revealed that most of the species were clearly discriminated by their estimated genetic distances and monophyletic clustering in Bayesian (BA) tree. Considering the genetic divergence (2%) for species discrimination boundary, the high genetic diversity (2.36–10.73%) was detected in 11 species (Macrognathus pancalus, Channa punctata, Puntius terio, Bangana ariza, Garra arupi, Badis badis, Mystus vittatus, Rita rita, Gagata cenia, Mastacembelus armatus, and Danio dangila), which signified the occurrence of concealed genetic diversity in this ecozone. However, the insignificant genetic distances were also noticed in few reportedly valid species: Channa stiktos and C. ornatipinnis (1.43%); Mystus ngasep, M. rufescens, and M. carcio (0.4%); Glyptothorax trilineatus, G. churamanii, and G. verrucosus (0.4%); Botia almorhae, B. histrionica, B. lohachata, and B. rostrata (0–0.4%); Barilius barilia and B. vagra (0.4%); Batasio merianiensis and B. tengana (1.2%); Puntius chola and P. fraseri (0%), Schistura beavani and S. paucireticulata (0%); hence to validate this species, generation of more barcode data was required from their types or topotypes. The present study would help to develop conservation schemes for the native species and collegiate ecosystem, which associated with the livelihoods of millions of ethnic communities in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Kundu
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
| | - Kailash Chandra
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
| | - Kaomud Tyagi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
| | - Avas Pakrashi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
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PATHAK AJEYKUMAR, SARKAR UTTAMKUMAR, DAYAL RAJESH, SINGH SRIPRAKASH. UPFBase—A freshwater fish diversity database of Uttar Pradesh, India. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i3.88103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, global databases on fishes lack fish diversity information at regional scale of a country, which has fascinated many fishery workers to know the regional scale fish diversity. Databases are essential part of the biodiversity science and have been used widely in the biological research. The present study discusses development, services and utility of the database application (UPFBase) providing information on the freshwater fish biodiversity of Uttar Pradesh. To develop UPFBase, data on the fish biodiversity of this region was compiled from different sources that include primary data generated from different projects and secondary data from published literatures. The collected data were screened and then digitized. Microsoft ACCESS relational database and Visual Basic language technologies were used for designing and implementing the standalone database application with the data management capability. Presently, UPFBase provides taxonomy, synonyms, local name, common name, morphology, biology, distribution, habitat, economic importance, conservation status and other fishery information on 129 fishes belonging to 11 orders and 27 families. UPFBase is user friendly and provides ease in working through search, query and action command button tools. It can easily be deployed on the mobile storages devices like CD-ROM, Pen drive, PCMCIA etc and can be installed on any Windows based Intel x86 machines. This version of UPFBase was built for countries, where computational hardware and software resources are in scare and it is expected that it might play imperious role in knowing and managing the indigenous fish diversity for decision making and posterity.
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Baig MH, Rashid I, Srivastava P, Ahmad K, Jan AT, Rabbani G, Choi D, Barreto GE, Ashraf GM, Lee EJ, Choi I. NeuroMuscleDB: a Database of Genes Associated with Muscle Development, Neuromuscular Diseases, Ageing, and Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5835-5843. [PMID: 30684219 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly complex, heterogeneous tissue that serves a multitude of biological functions in living organisms. With the advent of methods, such as microarrays, transcriptome analysis, and proteomics, studies have been performed at the genome level to gain insight of changes in the expression profiles of genes during different stages of muscle development and of associated diseases. In the present study, a database was conceived for the straightforward retrieval of information on genes involved in skeletal muscle formation, neuromuscular diseases (NMDs), ageing, and neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). The resulting database named NeuroMuscleDB ( http://yu-mbl-muscledb.com/NeuroMuscleDB ) is the result of a wide literature survey, database searches, and data curation. NeuroMuscleDB contains information of genes in Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, and Bos Taurus, and their promoter sequences and specified roles at different stages of muscle development and in associated myopathies. The database contains information on ~ 1102 genes, 6030 mRNAs, and 5687 proteins, and embedded analytical tools that can be used to perform tasks related to gene sequence usage. The authors believe NeuroMuscleDB provides a platform for obtaining desired information on genes related to myogenesis and their associations with various diseases (NMDs, ageing, and NDs). NeuroMuscleDB is freely available on the web at http://yu-mbl-muscledb.com/NeuroMuscleDB and supports all major browsers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Iliyas Rashid
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 028, India
| | - Prachi Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 028, India
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185236, India
| | - Gulam Rabbani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukhwan Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Pathak AK, Rashid I, Nagpure NS, Kumar R, Pati R, Singh M, Murali S, Kushwaha B, Kumar D, Rai A. FisOmics: A portal of fish genomic resources. Genomics 2019; 111:1923-1928. [PMID: 30611878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An online portal, accessible at URL: http://mail.nbfgr.res.in/FisOmics/, was developed that features different genomic databases and tools. The portal, named as FisOmics, acts as a platform for sharing fish genomic sequences and related information in addition to facilitating the access of high-performance computational resources for genome and proteome data analyses. It provides the ability for quarrying, analysing and visualizing genomic sequences and related information. The featured databases in FisOmics are in the World Wide Web domain already. The aim to develop portal was to provide a nodal point to access the featured databases and work conveniently. Presently, FisOmics includes databases on barcode sequences, microsatellite markers, mitogenome sequences, hypoxia-responsive genes and karyology of fishes. Besides, it has a link to other molecular resources and reports on the on-going activities and research achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajey Kumar Pathak
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O.- Dilkusha, Lucknow 226 002, India
| | - Iliyas Rashid
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O.- Dilkusha, Lucknow 226 002, India
| | - Naresh Sahebrao Nagpure
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O.- Dilkusha, Lucknow 226 002, India.
| | - Rameshwar Pati
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O.- Dilkusha, Lucknow 226 002, India
| | - Mahender Singh
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O.- Dilkusha, Lucknow 226 002, India
| | - S Murali
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O.- Dilkusha, Lucknow 226 002, India
| | - Basdeo Kushwaha
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O.- Dilkusha, Lucknow 226 002, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Anil Rai
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
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Laskar BA, Kumar V, Kundu S, Darshan A, Tyagi K, Chandra K. DNA barcoding of fishes from River Diphlu within Kaziranga National Park in northeast India. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2018; 30:126-134. [PMID: 29669453 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2018.1463373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA barcoding technique has been gaining importance in biodiversity research for its easy and rapid ability of delineating organisms' partial DNA sequences into molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), and identification based on referral sequences from expert identified species. We generated mtCOI barcode sequences from morphologically identified fishes from River Diphlu in northeast India. A portion of this river falls within an important rhinoceros and tiger conservation site, the Kaziranga National Park. Partial mtCOI sequences for 103 fish specimens belonging to six orders, 19 families, 37 genera and 47 a priori identified species, were delineated into 48 MOTUs based on reciprocal monophyly criteria in maximum likelihood and Bayesian tree, and 49 groups by automatic barcode gap discovery (ABGD). Morphological and molecular basis of species identification was congruent for around 80% straightforward cases. We contributed barcodes for eight species which either had no barcodes in databases or are having ambiguous barcodes. We detected four 'near threatened' and two data deficient species as per the IUCN Red List status, besides a few 'least concerned' species. We also observed a wide scope of barcoding studies on fishes from northeast India to cover the endemic species and to resolve the prevailing taxonomic problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boni Amin Laskar
- a Freshwater Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India , Hyderabad , India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- b Molecular Systematics Division , Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Zoological Survey of India , Kolkata , India
| | - Shantanu Kundu
- b Molecular Systematics Division , Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Zoological Survey of India , Kolkata , India
| | - Achom Darshan
- c Center with Potential for Excellence in Biodiversity, Rajiv Gandhi University , Doimukh , India
| | - Kaomud Tyagi
- b Molecular Systematics Division , Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Zoological Survey of India , Kolkata , India
| | - Kailash Chandra
- b Molecular Systematics Division , Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Zoological Survey of India , Kolkata , India
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Symonová R, Howell WM. Vertebrate Genome Evolution in the Light of Fish Cytogenomics and rDNAomics. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020096. [PMID: 29443947 PMCID: PMC5852592 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the cytogenomic evolution of vertebrates, we must first unravel the complex genomes of fishes, which were the first vertebrates to evolve and were ancestors to all other vertebrates. We must not forget the immense time span during which the fish genomes had to evolve. Fish cytogenomics is endowed with unique features which offer irreplaceable insights into the evolution of the vertebrate genome. Due to the general DNA base compositional homogeneity of fish genomes, fish cytogenomics is largely based on mapping DNA repeats that still represent serious obstacles in genome sequencing and assembling, even in model species. Localization of repeats on chromosomes of hundreds of fish species and populations originating from diversified environments have revealed the biological importance of this genomic fraction. Ribosomal genes (rDNA) belong to the most informative repeats and in fish, they are subject to a more relaxed regulation than in higher vertebrates. This can result in formation of a literal 'rDNAome' consisting of more than 20,000 copies with their high proportion employed in extra-coding functions. Because rDNA has high rates of transcription and recombination, it contributes to genome diversification and can form reproductive barrier. Our overall knowledge of fish cytogenomics grows rapidly by a continuously increasing number of fish genomes sequenced and by use of novel sequencing methods improving genome assembly. The recently revealed exceptional compositional heterogeneity in an ancient fish lineage (gars) sheds new light on the compositional genome evolution in vertebrates generally. We highlight the power of synergy of cytogenetics and genomics in fish cytogenomics, its potential to understand the complexity of genome evolution in vertebrates, which is also linked to clinical applications and the chromosomal backgrounds of speciation. We also summarize the current knowledge on fish cytogenomics and outline its main future avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Symonová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - W Mike Howell
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA.
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Wang ZD, Liao J, Huang CQ, Long SS, Zhang S, Guo YS, Liu L, Liu CW. Significant genetic differentiation of Gobiopterus lacustris, a newly recorded transparent goby in China. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2017; 29:785-791. [PMID: 28752775 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2017.1357712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In our recent survey, the transparent small Lacustrine goby, Gobiopterus lacustris had reported as the endemic species of Luzon, Philippines, was identified as an abundant species in mangroves of Leizhou Peninsula, China. Here, high diversity and significant differentiation of five sites of samples representing the west and east populations were revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequences. Five haplotypes of 56 cytochrome oxidase subunit I (Cox1) with the lengths of 623 base pairs (bp) have the high pairwise identity (>98.8%). Moreover, a total of 31 haplotypes for 129 partial D-loop regions were clustered into two clades corresponding to the east and west sampling sites. The strong population structure was confirmed (ΦST = 0.43017, p < .0001) with high haplotype diversity (h = 0.880 ± 0.017) and low nucleotide diversity (p=.00484). Moreover, both the mismatch distribution analysis and neutral test of D-loop revealed that the west group might experience a recent demographic expansion. Lastly, the isolation-with-migration analysis supported the expansion and indicated that the east-west split happened at approximately 7.1 kyr ago. Given the distribution and diversity, G. lacustris could be a good model for the study of the sea-level fluctuations and coast evolution of the South China Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Duo Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Jian Liao
- a Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Cheng-Qin Huang
- a Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Shui-Sheng Long
- a Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Shun Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Yu-Song Guo
- a Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Li Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Chu-Wu Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
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Rashid I, Nagpure NS, Srivastava P, Kumar R, Pathak AK, Singh M, Kushwaha B. HRGFish: A database of hypoxia responsive genes in fishes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42346. [PMID: 28205556 PMCID: PMC5304231 DOI: 10.1038/srep42346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have highlighted the changes in the gene expression due to the hypoxia response in fishes, but the systematic organization of the information and the analytical platform for such genes are lacking. In the present study, an attempt was made to develop a database of hypoxia responsive genes in fishes (HRGFish), integrated with analytical tools, using LAMPP technology. Genes reported in hypoxia response for fishes were compiled through literature survey and the database presently covers 818 gene sequences and 35 gene types from 38 fishes. The upstream fragments (3,000 bp), covered in this database, enables to compute CG dinucleotides frequencies, motif finding of the hypoxia response element, identification of CpG island and mapping with the reference promoter of zebrafish. The database also includes functional annotation of genes and provides tools for analyzing sequences and designing primers for selected gene fragments. This may be the first database on the hypoxia response genes in fishes that provides a workbench to the scientific community involved in studying the evolution and ecological adaptation of the fish species in relation to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliyas Rashid
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, ICAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow- 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.,AMITY Institute of Biotechnology, AMITY University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow-226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naresh Sahebrao Nagpure
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400 061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prachi Srivastava
- AMITY Institute of Biotechnology, AMITY University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow-226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, ICAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow- 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajey Kumar Pathak
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, ICAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow- 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahender Singh
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, ICAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow- 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Basdeo Kushwaha
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, ICAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow- 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Nagpure NS, Pathak AK, Pati R, Rashid I, Sharma J, Singh SP, Singh M, Sarkar UK, Kushwaha B, Kumar R, Murali S. Fish Karyome version 2.1: a chromosome database of fishes and other aquatic organisms. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2016; 2016:baw012. [PMID: 26980518 PMCID: PMC4792524 DOI: 10.1093/database/baw012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A voluminous information is available on karyological studies of fishes; however, limited efforts were made for compilation and curation of the available karyological data in a digital form. ‘Fish Karyome’ database was the preliminary attempt to compile and digitize the available karyological information on finfishes belonging to the Indian subcontinent. But the database had limitations since it covered data only on Indian finfishes with limited search options. Perceiving the feedbacks from the users and its utility in fish cytogenetic studies, the Fish Karyome database was upgraded by applying Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP (pre hypertext processor) (LAMP) technologies. In the present version, the scope of the system was increased by compiling and curating the available chromosomal information over the globe on fishes and other aquatic organisms, such as echinoderms, molluscs and arthropods, especially of aquaculture importance. Thus, Fish Karyome version 2.1 presently covers 866 chromosomal records for 726 species supported with 253 published articles and the information is being updated regularly. The database provides information on chromosome number and morphology, sex chromosomes, chromosome banding, molecular cytogenetic markers, etc. supported by fish and karyotype images through interactive tools. It also enables the users to browse and view chromosomal information based on habitat, family, conservation status and chromosome number. The system also displays chromosome number in model organisms, protocol for chromosome preparation and allied techniques and glossary of cytogenetic terms. A data submission facility has also been provided through data submission panel. The database can serve as a unique and useful resource for cytogenetic characterization, sex determination, chromosomal mapping, cytotaxonomy, karyo-evolution and systematics of fishes. Database URL:http://mail.nbfgr.res.in/Fish_Karyome
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajey Kumar Pathak
- Division of Fish Taxonomy and Resources, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, PO-Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, UP, India
| | | | | | | | - Shri Prakash Singh
- Division of Fish Taxonomy and Resources, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, PO-Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, UP, India
| | | | - Uttam Kumar Sarkar
- Division of Fish Taxonomy and Resources, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, PO-Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, UP, India
| | | | | | - S Murali
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
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