Multiresidue Method for Analysis of β Agonists in Swine Urine by Enzyme Linked Receptor Assay Based on β2 Adrenergic Receptor Expressed in HEK293 Cells

Trends using biological target-based assays for drug detection in complex sample matrices

In vivo, drug molecules interact with their biological targets (e.g., enzymes, receptors, ion channels, transporters), thereby eliciting therapeutic effects. Assays that measure the interaction between drugs and bio-targets may be used as drug biosensors, which are capable of broadly detecting entire drug classes without prior knowledge of their chemical structure. This Trends article covers recent developments in bio-target-based screening assays for detecting drugs associated with the following areas: illicit products marketed as dietary supplements, food-producing animals, and bodily fluids. General challenges and considerations associated with using bio-target assays are also presented. Finally, future applications of these assays for drug detection are suggested based upon current needs.

Novel miRNA-based biomarker panel for detection β2-agonists in goats

miRNA sequencing was applied in this work to screen miRNA biomarkers related to β₂-agonists from the test and control goat samples. A total of 10 selected miRNAs were proven by qRT-PCR to be able to separate treatment cell groups from the control. With previously reported differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we used target gene prediction to build a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network related to β₂-agonists, which validated the miRNA biomarkers and provided a reference for identifying the mechanism of β₂-agonists. Our subsequent in vivo experiments revealed that the regulation trends of the miRNAs were the same as in vitro experiments. DD-SIMCA and heatmap analysis also indicated concordant separation effects with the 10 miRNAs, which could therefore be used as biomarkers to monitor illegal use of β₂-agonists in goats.