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Li C, Buch S, Sun Z, Muccio M, Jiang L, Chen Y, Haacke EM, Zhang J, Wisniewski TM, Ge Y. In vivo mapping of hippocampal venous vasculature and oxygenation using susceptibility imaging at 7T. Neuroimage 2024; 291:120597. [PMID: 38554779 PMCID: PMC11115460 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mapping the small venous vasculature of the hippocampus in vivo is crucial for understanding how functional changes of hippocampus evolve with age. Oxygen utilization in the hippocampus could serve as a sensitive biomarker for early degenerative changes, surpassing hippocampal tissue atrophy as the main source of information regarding tissue degeneration. Using an ultrahigh field (7T) susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) sequence, it is possible to capture oxygen-level dependent contrast of submillimeter-sized vessels. Moreover, the quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) results derived from SWI data allow for the simultaneous estimation of venous oxygenation levels, thereby enhancing the understanding of hippocampal function. In this study, we proposed two potential imaging markers in a cohort of 19 healthy volunteers aged between 20 and 74 years. These markers were: 1) hippocampal venous density on SWI images and 2) venous susceptibility (Δχvein) in the hippocampus-associated draining veins (the inferior ventricular veins (IVV) and the basal veins of Rosenthal (BVR) using QSM images). They were chosen specifically to help characterize the oxygen utilization of the human hippocampus and medial temporal lobe (MTL). As part of the analysis, we demonstrated the feasibility of measuring hippocampal venous density and Δχvein in the IVV and BVR at 7T with high spatial resolution (0.25 × 0.25 × 1 mm3). Our results demonstrated the in vivo reconstruction of the hippocampal venous system, providing initial evidence regarding the presence of the venous arch structure within the hippocampus. Furthermore, we evaluated the age effect of the two quantitative estimates and observed a significant increase in Δχvein for the IVV with age (p=0.006, r2 = 0.369). This may suggest the potential application of Δχvein in IVV as a marker for assessing changes in atrophy-related hippocampal oxygen utilization in normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Li
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sagar Buch
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marco Muccio
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - E Mark Haacke
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jiangyang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yulin Ge
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Bilgic B, Costagli M, Chan KS, Duyn J, Langkammer C, Lee J, Li X, Liu C, Marques JP, Milovic C, Robinson SD, Schweser F, Shmueli K, Spincemaille P, Straub S, van Zijl P, Wang Y. Recommended implementation of quantitative susceptibility mapping for clinical research in the brain: A consensus of the ISMRM electro-magnetic tissue properties study group. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1834-1862. [PMID: 38247051 PMCID: PMC10950544 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This article provides recommendations for implementing QSM for clinical brain research. It is a consensus of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Electro-Magnetic Tissue Properties Study Group. While QSM technical development continues to advance rapidly, the current QSM methods have been demonstrated to be repeatable and reproducible for generating quantitative tissue magnetic susceptibility maps in the brain. However, the many QSM approaches available have generated a need in the neuroimaging community for guidelines on implementation. This article outlines considerations and implementation recommendations for QSM data acquisition, processing, analysis, and publication. We recommend that data be acquired using a monopolar 3D multi-echo gradient echo (GRE) sequence and that phase images be saved and exported in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format and unwrapped using an exact unwrapping approach. Multi-echo images should be combined before background field removal, and a brain mask created using a brain extraction tool with the incorporation of phase-quality-based masking. Background fields within the brain mask should be removed using a technique based on SHARP or PDF, and the optimization approach to dipole inversion should be employed with a sparsity-based regularization. Susceptibility values should be measured relative to a specified reference, including the common reference region of the whole brain as a region of interest in the analysis. The minimum acquisition and processing details required when reporting QSM results are also provided. These recommendations should facilitate clinical QSM research and promote harmonized data acquisition, analysis, and reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkin Bilgic
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mauro Costagli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Magnetic Resonance, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kwok-Shing Chan
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeff Duyn
- Advanced MRI Section, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jongho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xu Li
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - José P Marques
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Milovic
- School of Electrical Engineering (EIE), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Simon Daniel Robinson
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre of Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ferdinand Schweser
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical and Translational Science Institute at the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Karin Shmueli
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pascal Spincemaille
- MRI Research Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sina Straub
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- MRI Research Institute, Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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Huck J, Jäger A, Schneider U, Grahl S, Fan AP, Tardif C, Villringer A, Bazin P, Steele CJ, Gauthier CJ. Modeling venous bias in resting state functional MRI metrics. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:4938-4955. [PMID: 37498014 PMCID: PMC10472917 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting-state (rs) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to detect low-frequency fluctuations in the blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal across brain regions. Correlations between temporal BOLD signal fluctuations are commonly used to infer functional connectivity. However, because BOLD is based on the dilution of deoxyhemoglobin, it is sensitive to veins of all sizes, and its amplitude is biased by draining veins. These biases affect local BOLD signal location and amplitude, and may also influence BOLD-derived connectivity measures, but the magnitude of this venous bias and its relation to vein size and proximity is unknown. Here, veins were identified using high-resolution quantitative susceptibility maps and utilized in a biophysical model to investigate systematic venous biases on common local rsfMRI-derived measures. Specifically, we studied the impact of vein diameter and distance to veins on the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), Hurst exponent (HE), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and eigenvector centrality values in the grey matter. Values were higher across all distances in smaller veins, and decreased with increasing vein diameter. Additionally, rsfMRI values associated with larger veins decrease with increasing distance from the veins. ALFF and ReHo were the most biased by veins, while HE and fALFF exhibited the smallest bias. Across all metrics, the amplitude of the bias was limited in voxel-wise data, confirming that venous structure is not the dominant source of contrast in these rsfMRI metrics. Finally, the models presented can be used to correct this venous bias in rsfMRI metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Huck
- Department of PhysicsConcordia UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- PERFORM CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Anna‐Thekla Jäger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB)Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Uta Schneider
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
| | - Sophia Grahl
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
| | - Audrey P. Fan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christine Tardif
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical EngineeringMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- McConnell Brain Imaging CentreMontreal Neurological InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Arno Villringer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB)Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Clinic for Cognitive NeurologyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- IFB Adiposity DiseasesLeipzig University Medical CentreLeipzigGermany
| | - Pierre‐Louis Bazin
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Christopher J. Steele
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Department of PsychologyConcordia UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Claudine J. Gauthier
- Department of PhysicsConcordia UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- PERFORM CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
- Montreal Heart InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada
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Biondetti E, Cho J, Lee H. Cerebral oxygen metabolism from MRI susceptibility. Neuroimage 2023; 276:120189. [PMID: 37230206 PMCID: PMC10335841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of MRI methods exploiting magnetic susceptibility properties of blood to assess cerebral oxygen metabolism, including the tissue oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2). The first section is devoted to describing blood magnetic susceptibility and its effect on the MRI signal. Blood circulating in the vasculature can have diamagnetic (oxyhemoglobin) or paramagnetic properties (deoxyhemoglobin). The overall balance between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin determines the induced magnetic field which, in turn, modulates the transverse relaxation decay of the MRI signal via additional phase accumulation. The following sections of this review then illustrate the principles underpinning susceptibility-based techniques for quantifying OEF and CMRO2. Here, it is detailed whether these techniques provide global (OxFlow) or local (Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping - QSM, calibrated BOLD - cBOLD, quantitative BOLD - qBOLD, QSM+qBOLD) measurements of OEF or CMRO2, and what signal components (magnitude or phase) and tissue pools they consider (intravascular or extravascular). Validations studies and potential limitations of each method are also described. The latter include (but are not limited to) challenges in the experimental setup, the accuracy of signal modeling, and assumptions on the measured signal. The last section outlines the clinical uses of these techniques in healthy aging and neurodegenerative diseases and contextualizes these reports relative to results from gold-standard PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Biondetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "D'Annunzio University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "D'Annunzio University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Junghun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Hyunyeol Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Meng Y, Li CX, Zhang X. Quantitative Evaluation of Oxygen Extraction Fraction Changes in the Monkey Brain during Acute Stroke by Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1008. [PMID: 37109537 PMCID: PMC10146121 DOI: 10.3390/life13041008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) indicates the brain's oxygen consumption and can be estimated by using the quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) MRI technique. Recent studies have suggested that OEF alteration following stroke is associated with the viability of at-risk tissue. In the present study, the temporal evolution of OEF in the monkey brain during acute stroke was investigated using QSM. METHODS Ischemic stroke was induced in adult rhesus monkeys (n = 8) with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) by using an interventional approach. Diffusion-, T2-, and T2*-weighted images were conducted on day 0, day 2, and day 4 post-stroke using a clinical 3T scanner. Progressive changes in magnetic susceptibility and OEF, along with their correlations with the transverse relaxation rates and diffusion indices, were examined. RESULTS The magnetic susceptibility and OEF in injured gray matter of the brain significantly increased during the hyperacute phase, and then decreased significantly on day 2 and day 4. Moreover, the temporal changes of OEF in gray matter were moderately correlated with mean diffusivity (MD) (r = 0.52; p = 0.046) from day 0 to day 4. Magnetic susceptibility in white matter progressively increased (from negative values to near zero) during acute stroke, and significant increases were seen on day 2 (p = 0.08) and day 4 (p = 0.003) when white matter was significantly degenerated. However, significant reduction of OEF in white matter was not seen until day 4 post-stroke. CONCLUSION The preliminary results demonstrate that QSM-derived OEF is a robust approach to examine the progressive changes of gray matter in the ischemic brain from the hyperacute phase to the subacute phase of stroke. The changes of OEF in gray matter were more prominent than those in white matter following stroke insult. The findings suggest that QSM-derived OEF may provide complementary information for understanding the neuropathology of the brain tissue following stroke and predicting stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Meng
- EPC Imaging Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Chun-Xia Li
- EPC Imaging Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- EPC Imaging Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Cao F, Wang M, Han S, Fan S, Guo Y, Yang Y, Luo Y, Guo J, Kang Y. Quantitative Distribution of Cerebral Venous Oxygen Saturation and Its Prognostic Value in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081109. [PMID: 36009171 PMCID: PMC9406002 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the quantitative distribution of cerebral venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) based on quantitative sensitivity mapping (QSM) and determined its prognostic value in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). A retrospective study was conducted on 39 hospitalized patients. Reconstructed QSM was used to calculate the cerebral SvO2 of each region of interest (ROI) in the ischemic hemisphere. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland−Altman analysis were conducted to define the best resolution of the distribution map. The correlation between the cerebral SvO2 in hypoxic regions (SvO2ROI < 0.7) and clinical scores was obtained by Spearman and power analysis. The associations between cerebral SvO2 and unfavorable prognosis were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Excellent agreement was found between the cerebral SvO2 in hypoxic regions with a resolution of 7.18 × 7.18 × 1.6 mm3 and asymmetrically prominent cortical veins regions (ICC: 0.879 (admission), ICC: 0.906 (discharge)). The cerebral SvO2 was significantly negative with clinical scores (all |r| > 0.3). The cerebral SvO2 and its changes at discharge were significantly associated with an unfavorable prognosis (OR: 0.812 and 0.866). Therefore, the cerebral SvO2 in hypoxic regions measured by the quantitative distribution map can be used as an indicator for evaluating the early prognosis of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqiu Cao
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Shanhua Han
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Shengyu Fan
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Yingwei Guo
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yingjian Yang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.G.); (Y.K.); Tel.: +86-13-9404-72926 (Y.K.)
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.G.); (Y.K.); Tel.: +86-13-9404-72926 (Y.K.)
| | - Yan Kang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Medical Imaging and Intelligent Analysis, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110169, China
- School of Applied Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.G.); (Y.K.); Tel.: +86-13-9404-72926 (Y.K.)
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A Novel Rodent Model of Hypertensive Cerebral Small Vessel Disease with White Matter Hyperintensities and Peripheral Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115915. [PMID: 35682594 PMCID: PMC9180536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is the second most common cause of stroke and a major contributor to dementia. Manifestations of CSVD include cerebral microbleeds, intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH), lacunar infarcts, white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and enlarged perivascular spaces. Chronic hypertensive models have been found to reproduce most key features of the disease. Nevertheless, no animal models have been identified to reflect all different aspects of the human disease. Here, we described a novel model for CSVD using salt-sensitive ‘Sabra’ hypertension-prone rats (SBH/y), which display chronic hypertension and enhanced peripheral oxidative stress. SBH/y rats were either administered deoxycorticosteroid acetate (DOCA) (referred to as SBH/y-DOCA rats) or sham-operated and provided with 1% NaCl in drinking water. Rats underwent neurological assessment and behavioral testing, followed by ex vivo MRI and biochemical and histological analyses. SBH/y-DOCA rats show a neurological decline and cognitive impairment and present multiple cerebrovascular pathologies associated with CSVD, such as ICH, lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces, blood vessel stenosis, BBB permeability and inflammation. Remarkably, SBH/y-DOCA rats show severe white matter pathology as well as WMH, which are rarely reported in commonly used models. Our model may serve as a novel platform for further understanding the mechanisms underlying CSVD and for testing novel therapeutics.
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8
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Bartnik-Olson BL, Blood AB, Terry MH, Hanson SF, Day C, Kido D, Kim P. Quantitative susceptibility mapping as a measure of cerebral oxygenation in neonatal piglets. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:891-900. [PMID: 34878947 PMCID: PMC9254037 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211065199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Prominence of cerebral veins using susceptibility weighted magnetic resonance imaging (SWI) has been used as a qualitative indicator of cerebral venous oxygenation (CvO2). Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) adds more precision to the assessment of CvO2, but has not been applied to neonatal hypoxic ischemic injury (HII). We proposed to study QSM measures of venous susceptibility and their correlation with direct measures of brain oxygenation and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the neonatal piglet. The association of QSM intravascular cerebral venous susceptibility, with brain tissue O2 tension, CBF, cortical tissue oxyhemoglobin saturation, and the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood measurement during various oxygenation states was determined by linear regression. Compared to normoxia, venous susceptibility in the straight sinus increased 56.8 ± 25.4% during hypoxia, while decreasing during hyperoxia (23.5 ± 32.9%) and hypercapnia (23.3 ± 73.1%), which was highly correlated to all other measures of oxygenation (p < 0.0001) but did not correlate to CBF (p = 0.82). These findings demonstrate a strong relationship between venous susceptibility and brain tissue O2 tension. Our results suggest that QSM-derived venous susceptibility is sensitive to cerebral oxygenation status across various oxygenation states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arlin B Blood
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Michael H Terry
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Fl Hanson
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Day
- Department of Pediatrics, Office of Graduate Medical Education, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Kido
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Paggie Kim
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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9
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Keenan KE, Berman BP, Rýger S, Russek SE, Wang WT, Butman JA, Pham DL, Dagher J. Comparison of Phase Estimation Methods for Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Using a Rotating-Tube Phantom. Radiol Res Pract 2021; 2021:1898461. [PMID: 34868681 PMCID: PMC8635951 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1898461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) is an MRI tool with the potential to reveal pathological changes from magnetic susceptibility measurements. Before phase data can be used to recover susceptibility (Δχ), the QSM process begins with two steps: data acquisition and phase estimation. We assess the performance of these steps, when applied without user intervention, on several variations of a phantom imaging task. We used a rotating-tube phantom with five tubes ranging from Δχ=0.05 ppm to Δχ=0.336 ppm. MRI data was acquired at nine angles of rotation for four different pulse sequences. The images were processed by 10 phase estimation algorithms including Laplacian, region-growing, branch-cut, temporal unwrapping, and maximum-likelihood methods, resulting in approximately 90 different combinations of data acquisition and phase estimation methods. We analyzed errors between measured and expected phases using the probability mass function and Cumulative Distribution Function. Repeatable acquisition and estimation methods were identified based on the probability of relative phase errors. For single-echo GRE and segmented EPI sequences, a region-growing method was most reliable with Pr (relative error <0.1) = 0.95 and 0.90, respectively. For multiecho sequences, a maximum-likelihood method was most reliable with Pr (relative error <0.1) = 0.97. The most repeatable multiecho methods outperformed the most repeatable single-echo methods. We found a wide range of repeatability and reproducibility for off-the-shelf MRI acquisition and phase estimation approaches, and this variability may prevent the techniques from being widely integrated in clinical workflows. The error was dominated in many cases by spatially discontinuous phase unwrapping errors. Any postprocessing applied on erroneous phase estimates, such as QSM's background field removal and dipole inversion, would suffer from error propagation. Our paradigm identifies methods that yield consistent and accurate phase estimates that would ultimately yield consistent and accurate Δχ estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Keenan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Physical Measurement Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Ben P. Berman
- The MITRE Corporation, 7515 Colshire Dr, McLean, VA 22102, USA
| | - Slávka Rýger
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Physical Measurement Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Stephen E. Russek
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Physical Measurement Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Wen-Tung Wang
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John A. Butman
- Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Dzung L. Pham
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph Dagher
- The MITRE Corporation, 7515 Colshire Dr, McLean, VA 22102, USA
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Lu X, Luo Y, Fawaz M, Zhu C, Chai C, Wu G, Wang H, Liu J, Zou Y, Gong Y, Haacke EM, Xia S. Dynamic Changes of Asymmetric Cortical Veins Relate to Neurologic Prognosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Radiology 2021; 301:672-681. [PMID: 34581624 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021210201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Cerebral oxygenation is closely related to neural function in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and can be measured noninvasively from asymmetrically prominent cortical veins (APCVs) using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Purpose To quantify venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) using brain MRI with QSM in patients with AIS, to analyze its change at 2-week follow-up, and to assess the influence of SvO2 in clinical prognosis. Materials and Methods Between 2016 and 2020, consecutive patients with AIS who underwent brain MRI within 24 hours from symptom onset and 2 weeks after treatment were retrospectively enrolled. The SvO2 of APCVs was quantified using QSM. The independent sample t test was used to compare the SvO2 between patients with and patients without APCVs. The paired sample t test was used to assess the dynamic change in SvO2. Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship among dynamic change in SvO2 and hypoperfusion, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score change, and 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. The independent sample t test was used to compare the dynamic change in SvO2 between different clinical prognoses and outcome subgroups. Results APCVs were detected in 39 of 73 patients (mean age, 70 years ± 10 [standard deviation]; 49 men) at admission and disappeared in 35 patients at 2-week follow-up MRI. The mean SvO2 increased from 35.0% ± 5.8 to 64.5% ± 10.0 (P < .001) in 39 patients. For the 35 patients with APCVs that disappeared, the dynamic change in SvO2 negatively correlated with change in NIHSS score (r = -0.37, R2 = 0.19, P = .03) and 90-day mRS score (r = -0.54, R2 = 0.27, P = .001), and the dynamic change in SvO2 in the subgroup with good 90-day outcomes (n = 19) was greater than that in the subgroup with poor 90-day outcomes (n = 16) (mean, 34.5% ± 5.8 vs 29.7% ± 6.3; 95% CI: 0.6, 8.9; P = .03). Conclusion Improved oxygen saturation of asymmetric cortical veins detected using brain MRI with quantitative susceptibility mapping corresponded with better acute ischemic stroke outcomes for patients with asymmetrically prominent cortical veins that disappeared at 2-week follow-up MRI. © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiudi Lu
- From the Department of Radiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China (X.L., J.L., Y.Z.); Department of Radiology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L.); Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich (M.F., E.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (C.Z.); Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China (C.C., S.X.); School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (G.W., H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China (Y.G.)
| | - Yu Luo
- From the Department of Radiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China (X.L., J.L., Y.Z.); Department of Radiology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L.); Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich (M.F., E.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (C.Z.); Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China (C.C., S.X.); School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (G.W., H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China (Y.G.)
| | - Miller Fawaz
- From the Department of Radiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China (X.L., J.L., Y.Z.); Department of Radiology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L.); Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich (M.F., E.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (C.Z.); Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China (C.C., S.X.); School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (G.W., H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China (Y.G.)
| | - Chengcheng Zhu
- From the Department of Radiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China (X.L., J.L., Y.Z.); Department of Radiology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L.); Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich (M.F., E.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (C.Z.); Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China (C.C., S.X.); School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (G.W., H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China (Y.G.)
| | - Chao Chai
- From the Department of Radiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China (X.L., J.L., Y.Z.); Department of Radiology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L.); Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich (M.F., E.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (C.Z.); Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China (C.C., S.X.); School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (G.W., H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China (Y.G.)
| | - Gemuer Wu
- From the Department of Radiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China (X.L., J.L., Y.Z.); Department of Radiology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L.); Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich (M.F., E.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (C.Z.); Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China (C.C., S.X.); School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (G.W., H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China (Y.G.)
| | - Huiying Wang
- From the Department of Radiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China (X.L., J.L., Y.Z.); Department of Radiology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L.); Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich (M.F., E.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (C.Z.); Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China (C.C., S.X.); School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (G.W., H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China (Y.G.)
| | - Jihua Liu
- From the Department of Radiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China (X.L., J.L., Y.Z.); Department of Radiology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L.); Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich (M.F., E.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (C.Z.); Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China (C.C., S.X.); School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (G.W., H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China (Y.G.)
| | - Ying Zou
- From the Department of Radiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China (X.L., J.L., Y.Z.); Department of Radiology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L.); Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich (M.F., E.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (C.Z.); Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China (C.C., S.X.); School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (G.W., H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China (Y.G.)
| | - Yan Gong
- From the Department of Radiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China (X.L., J.L., Y.Z.); Department of Radiology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L.); Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich (M.F., E.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (C.Z.); Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China (C.C., S.X.); School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (G.W., H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China (Y.G.)
| | - E Mark Haacke
- From the Department of Radiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China (X.L., J.L., Y.Z.); Department of Radiology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L.); Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich (M.F., E.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (C.Z.); Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China (C.C., S.X.); School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (G.W., H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China (Y.G.)
| | - Shuang Xia
- From the Department of Radiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China (X.L., J.L., Y.Z.); Department of Radiology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L.); Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich (M.F., E.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (C.Z.); Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China (C.C., S.X.); School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (G.W., H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China (Y.G.)
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11
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Probst J, Rohner M, Zahn M, Piccirelli M, Pangalu A, Luft A, Deistung A, Klohs J, Wegener S. Quantitative susceptibility mapping in ischemic stroke patients after successful recanalization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16038. [PMID: 34362957 PMCID: PMC8346586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a novel processing method for gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Higher magnetic susceptibility in cortical veins have been observed on susceptibility maps in the ischemic hemisphere of stroke patients, indicating an increased oxygen extraction fraction (OEF). Our goal was to investigate susceptibility in veins of stroke patients after successful recanalization in order to analyze the value of QSM in predicting tissue prognosis and clinical outcome. We analyzed MR images of 23 patients with stroke due to unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA)-M1/M2 occlusion acquired 24–72 h after successful thrombectomy. The susceptibilities of veins were obtained from QSM and compared between the stroke territory, the ipsilateral non-ischemic MCA territory and the contralateral MCA territory. As outcome variables, early infarct size and functional disability (modified Rankin Scale, mRS) after 3–5 months was used. The median susceptibility value of cortical veins in the ischemic core was 41% lower compared to the ipsilateral non-ischemic MCA territory and 38% lower than on the contralateral MCA territory. Strikingly, in none of the patients prominent vessels with high susceptibility signal were found after recanalization. Venous susceptibility values within the infarct did not correlate with infarct volume or functional disability after 3–5 months. Low venous susceptibility within the infarct core after successful recanalization of the occluded vessel likely indicates poor oxygen extraction arising from tissue damage. We did not identify peri-infarct tissue with increased susceptibility values as potential surrogate of former penumbral areas. We found no correlation of QSM parameters with infarct size or outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Probst
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Rohner
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malin Zahn
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Piccirelli
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Athina Pangalu
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Luft
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Cereneo Center for Neurology and Rehabilitation, Vitznau, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Deistung
- University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Jan Klohs
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegener
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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12
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Gozt A, Hellewell S, Ward PGD, Bynevelt M, Fitzgerald M. Emerging Applications for Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping in the Detection of Traumatic Brain Injury Pathology. Neuroscience 2021; 467:218-236. [PMID: 34087394 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common but heterogeneous injury underpinned by numerous complex and interrelated pathophysiological mechanisms. An essential trace element, iron is abundant within the brain and involved in many fundamental neurobiological processes, including oxygen transportation, oxidative phosphorylation, myelin production and maintenance, as well as neurotransmitter synthesis and metabolism. Excessive levels of iron are neurotoxic and thus iron homeostasis is tightly regulated in the brain, however, many details about the mechanisms by which this is achieved are yet to be elucidated. A key mediator of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammatory response, iron dysregulation is an important contributor to secondary injury in TBI. Advances in neuroimaging that leverage magnetic susceptibility properties have enabled increasingly comprehensive investigations into the distribution and behaviour of iron in the brain amongst healthy individuals as well as disease states such as TBI. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) is an advanced neuroimaging technique that promises quantitative estimation of local magnetic susceptibility at the voxel level. In this review, we provide an overview of brain iron and its homeostasis, describe recent advances enabling applications of QSM within the context of TBI and summarise the current state of the literature. Although limited, the emergent research suggests that QSM is a promising neuroimaging technique that can be used to investigate a host of pathophysiological changes that are associated with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gozt
- Curtin University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA Australia
| | - Sarah Hellewell
- Curtin University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA Australia
| | - Phillip G D Ward
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, VIC Australia; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, VIC Australia
| | - Michael Bynevelt
- Neurological Intervention and Imaging Service of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Curtin University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA Australia.
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13
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Callewaert B, Jones EAV, Himmelreich U, Gsell W. Non-Invasive Evaluation of Cerebral Microvasculature Using Pre-Clinical MRI: Principles, Advantages and Limitations. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11060926. [PMID: 34064194 PMCID: PMC8224283 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11060926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations to the cerebral microcirculation have been recognized to play a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. However, the exact role of the microvascular alterations in the pathophysiological mechanisms often remains poorly understood. The early detection of changes in microcirculation and cerebral blood flow (CBF) can be used to get a better understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. This could be an important step towards the development of new treatment approaches. Animal models allow for the study of the disease mechanism at several stages of development, before the onset of clinical symptoms, and the verification with invasive imaging techniques. Specifically, pre-clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool for the development and validation of MRI sequences under clinically relevant conditions. This article reviews MRI strategies providing indirect non-invasive measurements of microvascular changes in the rodent brain that can be used for early detection and characterization of neurodegenerative disorders. The perfusion MRI techniques: Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE), Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Enhanced (DSC) and Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL), will be discussed, followed by less established imaging strategies used to analyze the cerebral microcirculation: Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM), Vascular Space Occupancy (VASO), Steady-State Susceptibility Contrast (SSC), Vessel size imaging, SAGE-based DSC, Phase Contrast Flow (PC) Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) and quantitative Blood-Oxygenation-Level-Dependent (qBOLD). We will emphasize the advantages and limitations of each strategy, in particular on applications for high-field MRI in the rodent's brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Callewaert
- Biomedical MRI Group, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 505, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.C.); (W.G.)
- CMVB, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 911, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Elizabeth A. V. Jones
- CMVB, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 911, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- CARIM, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI Group, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 505, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.C.); (W.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Willy Gsell
- Biomedical MRI Group, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 505, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.C.); (W.G.)
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Shih CM, Lo HC, Hsieh MC, Chen JH. Functional quantitative susceptibility mapping (fQSM) of rat brain during flashing light stimulation. Neuroimage 2021; 233:117924. [PMID: 33753240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based on the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast has become an indispensable tool in neuroscience. However, the BOLD signal is nonlocal, lacking quantitative measurement of oxygenation fluctuation. This preclinical study aimed to introduced functional quantitative susceptibility mapping (fQSM) to complement BOLD-fMRI to quantitatively assess the local susceptibility and venous oxygen saturation (SvO2). Rats were subjected to a 5 Hz flashing light and the different inhaled oxygenation levels (30% and 100%) were used to observe the venous susceptibility to quantify SvO2. Phase information was extracted to produce QSM, and the activation responses of magnitude (conventional BOLD) and the QSM time-series were analyzed. During light stimulation, the susceptibility change of fQSM was four times larger than the BOLD signal change in both inhalation oxygenation conditions. Moreover, the responses in the fQSM map were more restricted to the visual pathway, such as the lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus, compared with the relatively diffuse distributions in the BOLD map. Also, the calibrated SvO2 was approximately 84% (88%) when the task was on, 83% (87%) when the task was off during 30% (and during 100%) oxygen inhalation. This is the first fQSM study in a small animal model and increases our understanding of fQSM in the brains of small animals. This study demonstrated the feasibility, sensitivity, and specificity of fQSM using light stimulus, as fQSM provides quantitative clues as well as localized information, complementing the defects of BOLD-fMRI. In addition to neural activity, fQSM also assesses SvO2 as supplementary information while BOLD-fMRI dose not. Accordingly, the fQSM technique could be a useful quantitative tool for functional studies, such as longitudinal follow up of neurodegenerative diseases, functional recovery after brain surgery, and negative BOLD studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ming Shih
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Lo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chi Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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15
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Dimov AV, Christoforidis GA, Saadat N, Liu MM, Jeong YI, Roth S, Niekrasz M, Carroll TJ. QSM in canine model of acute cerebral ischemia: A pilot study. Magn Reson Med 2021; 85:1602-1610. [PMID: 33034078 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, we investigated the potential of QSM to assess the physiological state of cortical tissue in the middle cerebral artery occlusion canine model of a cerebral ischemia. METHODS Experiments were performed in 8 anesthetized canines. Gradient echo, perfusion, and DWI data of brains at normal and ischemic states were acquired. In the postprocessed susceptibility and quantitative cerebral blood flow maps, changes in values within the middle cerebral artery-fed cortical territories were quantified both on the ischemic and normal contralateral hemisphere side. RESULTS QSM values in critically ischemic tissue were significantly different from contralateral values-namely, susceptibility increase was observed in the cases in which cerebral perfusion was maintained above the threshold of neuronal death. Furthermore, the data indicates presence of a significant correlation between the changes in susceptibility values, cerebral perfusion, and the infarct volume and pial collateral scores. Additionally, our data suggests that difference in cortical susceptibility is prospectively indicative of the infarct growth rate. CONCLUSION In an experimental permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model, QSM was shown to correlate with the functional parameters characterizing viability of ischemic tissue, thus warranting further research on its ability to provide complementary information during acute stroke MRI examinations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Dimov
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Niloufar Saadat
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mira M Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yong I Jeong
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Steven Roth
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marek Niekrasz
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Timothy J Carroll
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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16
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Dymerska B, Eckstein K, Bachrata B, Siow B, Trattnig S, Shmueli K, Robinson SD. Phase unwrapping with a rapid opensource minimum spanning tree algorithm (ROMEO). Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:2294-2308. [PMID: 33104278 PMCID: PMC7821134 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a rapid and accurate MRI phase-unwrapping technique for challenging phase topographies encountered at high magnetic fields, around metal implants, or postoperative cavities, which is sufficiently fast to be applied to large-group studies including Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and functional MRI (with phase-based distortion correction). METHODS The proposed path-following phase-unwrapping algorithm, ROMEO, estimates the coherence of the signal both in space-using MRI magnitude and phase information-and over time, assuming approximately linear temporal phase evolution. This information is combined to form a quality map that guides the unwrapping along a 3D path through the object using a computationally efficient minimum spanning tree algorithm. ROMEO was tested against the two most commonly used exact phase-unwrapping methods, PRELUDE and BEST PATH, in simulated topographies and at several field strengths: in 3T and 7T in vivo human head images and 9.4T ex vivo rat head images. RESULTS ROMEO was more reliable than PRELUDE and BEST PATH, yielding unwrapping results with excellent temporal stability for multi-echo or multi-time-point data. It does not require image masking and delivers results within seconds, even in large, highly wrapped multi-echo data sets (eg, 9 seconds for a 7T head data set with 31 echoes and a 208 × 208 × 96 matrix size). CONCLUSION Overall, ROMEO was both faster and more accurate than PRELUDE and BEST PATH, delivering exact results within seconds, which is well below typical image acquisition times, enabling potential on-console application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Dymerska
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Korbinian Eckstein
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beata Bachrata
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernard Siow
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Shmueli
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Daniel Robinson
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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17
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Li HL, Ding H, Yin XZ, Chen ZH, Tang B, Sun JY, Hu XH, Lv X, Kang ST, Fan YS, Wu T, Zhao SF, Xiao B, Zhang MQ. Comparison of high-resolution synchrotron-radiation-based phase-contrast imaging and absorption-contrast imaging for evaluating microstructure of vascular networks in rat brain: from 2D to 3D views. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:2024-2032. [PMID: 31721747 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519011688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional imaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography have limited temporospatial resolutions and shortcomings like invasive angiography, potential allergy to contrast agents, and image deformation, that restrict their application in high-resolution visualization of the structure of microvessels. In this study, through comparing synchrotron radiation (SR) absorption-contrast imaging to absorption phase-contrast imaging, it was found that SR-based phase-contrast imaging could provide more detailed ultra-high-pixel images of microvascular networks than absorption phase-contrast imaging. Simultaneously, SR-based phase-contrast imaging was used to perform high-quality, multi-dimensional and multi-scale imaging of rat brain angioarchitecture. With the aid of image post-processing, high-pixel-size two-dimensional virtual slices can be obtained without sectioning. The distribution of blood supply is in accordance with the results of traditional tissue staining. Three-dimensional anatomical maps of cerebral angioarchitecture can also be acquired. Functional partitions of regions of interest are reproduced in the reconstructed rat cerebral vascular networks. Imaging analysis of the same sample can also be displayed simultaneously in two- and three-dimensional views, which provides abundant anatomical information together with parenchyma and vessels. In conclusion, SR-based phase-contrast imaging holds great promise for visualizing microstructure of microvascular networks in two- and three-dimensional perspectives during the development of neurovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lei Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Zhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Hui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Hang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Lv
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Tong Kang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shu Fan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Feng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
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18
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Microcirculatory Changes in Experimental Models of Stroke and CNS-Injury Induced Immunodepression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205184. [PMID: 31635068 PMCID: PMC6834192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second-leading cause of death globally and the leading cause of disability in adults. Medical complications after stroke, especially infections such as pneumonia, are the leading cause of death in stroke survivors. Systemic immunodepression is considered to contribute to increased susceptibility to infections after stroke. Different experimental models have contributed significantly to the current knowledge of stroke pathophysiology and its consequences. Each model causes different changes in the cerebral microcirculation and local inflammatory responses after ischemia. The vast majority of studies which focused on the peripheral immune response to stroke employed the middle cerebral artery occlusion method. We review various experimental stroke models with regard to microcirculatory changes and discuss the impact on local and peripheral immune response for studies of CNS-injury (central nervous system injury) induced immunodepression.
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19
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Lin F, Prince MR, Spincemaille P, Wang Y. Patents on Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) of Tissue Magnetism. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2018; 13:90-113. [PMID: 30556508 DOI: 10.2174/1872208313666181217112745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) depicts biodistributions of tissue magnetic susceptibility sources, including endogenous iron and calcifications, as well as exogenous paramagnetic contrast agents and probes. When comparing QSM with simple susceptibility weighted MRI, QSM eliminates blooming artifacts and shows reproducible tissue susceptibility maps independent of field strength and scanner manufacturer over a broad range of image acquisition parameters. For patient care, QSM promises to inform diagnosis, guide surgery, gauge medication, and monitor drug delivery. The Bayesian framework using MRI phase data and structural prior knowledge has made QSM sufficiently robust and accurate for routine clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To address the lack of a summary of US patents that is valuable for QSM product development and dissemination into the MRI community. METHOD We searched the USPTO Full-Text and Image Database for patents relevant to QSM technology innovation. We analyzed the claims of each patent to characterize the main invented method and we investigated data on clinical utility. RESULTS We identified 17 QSM patents; 13 were implemented clinically, covering various aspects of QSM technology, including the Bayesian framework, background field removal, numerical optimization solver, zero filling, and zero-TE phase. CONCLUSION Our patent search identified patents that enable QSM technology for imaging the brain and other tissues. QSM can be applied to study a wide range of diseases including neurological diseases, liver iron disorders, tissue ischemia, and osteoporosis. MRI manufacturers can develop QSM products for more seamless integration into existing MRI scanners to improve medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- School of Law, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin R Prince
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pascal Spincemaille
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.,Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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20
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Chai C, Liu S, Fan L, Liu L, Li J, Zuo C, Qian T, Haacke EM, Shen W, Xia S. Reduced deep regional cerebral venous oxygen saturation in hemodialysis patients using quantitative susceptibility mapping. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:313-323. [PMID: 29249064 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) is an important indicator of brain function. There was debate about lower cerebral oxygen metabolism in hemodialysis patients and there were no reports about the changes of deep regional cerebral SvO2 in hemodialysis patients. In this study, we aim to explore the deep regional cerebral SvO2 from straight sinus using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and the correlation with clinical risk factors and neuropsychiatric testing. 52 hemodialysis patients and 54 age-and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled. QSM reconstructed from original phase data of 3.0 T susceptibility-weighted imaging was used to measure the susceptibility of straight sinus. The susceptibility was used to calculate the deep regional cerebral SvO2 and compare with healthy individuals. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between deep regional cerebral SvO2, clinical risk factors and neuropsychiatric testing. The deep regional cerebral SvO2 of hemodialysis patients (72.5 ± 3.7%) was significantly lower than healthy controls (76.0 ± 2.1%) (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the measured volume of interests of straight sinus between hemodialysis patients (250.92 ± 46.65) and healthy controls (249.68 ± 49.68) (P = 0.859). There were no significant correlations between the measured susceptibility and volume of interests in hemodialysis patients (P = 0.204) and healthy controls (P = 0.562), respectively. Hematocrit (r = 0.480, P < 0.001, FDR corrected), hemoglobin (r = 0.440, P < 0.001, FDR corrected), red blood cell (r = 0.446, P = 0.003, FDR corrected), dialysis duration (r = 0.505, P = 0.002, FDR corrected) and parathyroid hormone (r = -0.451, P = 0.007, FDR corrected) were risk factors for decreased deep regional cerebral SvO2 in patients. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores of hemodialysis patients were significantly lower than healthy controls (P < 0.001). However, the deep regional cerebral SvO2 did not correlate with MMSE scores (P = 0.630). In summary, the decreased deep regional cerebral SvO2 occurred in hemodialysis patients and dialysis duration, parathyroid hormone, hematocrit, hemoglobin and red blood cell may be clinical risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chai
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Saifeng Liu
- The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, N9A6T2, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Linlin Fan
- Department of Prophylactic Inoculation and Statistics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Graduates, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Department of Hemodialysis, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Chao Zuo
- School of Graduates, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Tianyi Qian
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare, Northeast Asia, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - E Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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21
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Vaas M, Deistung A, Reichenbach JR, Keller A, Kipar A, Klohs J. Vascular and Tissue Changes of Magnetic Susceptibility in the Mouse Brain After Transient Cerebral Ischemia. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 9:426-435. [PMID: 29177950 PMCID: PMC6061250 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0591-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has been recently introduced as a novel MRI post-processing technique of gradient recalled echo (GRE) data. QSM is useful in depicting both brain anatomy and for detecting abnormalities. Its utility in the context of ischemic stroke has, however, not been extensively characterized so far. In this study, we explored the potential of QSM to characterize vascular and tissue changes in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model of cerebral ischemia. We acquired GRE data of mice brains at different time points after tMCAO, from which we computed QSM and MR frequency maps, and compared these maps with diffusion imaging and multi-slice multi-echo imaging data acquired in the same animals. Prominent vessels with increased magnetic susceptibility were visible surrounding the lesion on both frequency and magnetic susceptibility maps at all time points (mostly visible at > 12 h after reperfusion). Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of compressed capillaries and dilated larger vessels, suggesting that the appearance of prominent vessels after reestablishment of reperfusion may serve compensatory purposes. In addition, on both contrast maps, tissue regions of decreased magnetic susceptibility were observed at 24 and 48 h after reperfusion that were distinctly different from the lesions seen on maps of the apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 relaxation time constant. Since QSM can be extracted as an add-on from GRE data and thus requires no additional acquisition time in the course of acute stroke MRI examination, it may provide unique and complementary information during the course of acute stroke MRI examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Vaas
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Deistung
- Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Section of Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen R Reichenbach
- Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Michael Stifel Center for Data-driven and Simulation Science Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Annika Keller
- Division of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Kipar
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Klohs
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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22
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Verma RK, Keller D, Grunt S, Bigi S, Weisstanner C, Wiest R, Gralla J, Hutter D, Wagner B. Decreased oxygen saturation levels in neonates with transposition of great arteries: Impact on appearance of cerebral veins in susceptibility-weighted imaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15471. [PMID: 29133891 PMCID: PMC5684390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of this study was to investigate a potential correlation between the pattern of cerebral veins (CV) on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and blood oxygen saturation, as well as preoperative brain injury, in neonates with transposition of the great arteries (TGA). Eleven neonates with TGA underwent MRI preoperatively, including SWI, T1- and T2-weighted scans. Images were retrospectively evaluated and appearance of CV was graded from 0 (normal appearance) to 3 (severe prominent appearance). White matter injuries (WMI) and strokes were analysed. Results were correlated with preductal arterial oxygen saturation. As findings one subject showed a normal CV appearance (grade 0) whereas 10 showed pathological prominent CV (grades 1–3); median 2. Mean oxygen saturation ranged between 67.5% and 89.0% (median 81.0%). CV grade and mean oxygen saturation correlated significantly (p = 0.011). WMI were absent in 5 cases, mild in 4, and moderate in 2 cases. We conclude, that SWI has the potential to be used to estimate the current hypoxic burden on brain tissue in TGA newborns by assessing the prominence of the CV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Kumar Verma
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Tiefenau Hospital, Division Stadt, Inselgroup, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Desislava Keller
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Grunt
- University Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Development and Rehabilitation, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Bigi
- University Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Development and Rehabilitation, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Weisstanner
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Wiest
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Gralla
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Damian Hutter
- University Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bendicht Wagner
- University Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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23
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Wang L, Mu Z, Lin X, Geng J, Xiao TQ, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Guan Y, Yang GY. Simultaneous Imaging of Cerebrovascular Structure and Function in Hypertensive Rats Using Synchrotron Radiation Angiography. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:359. [PMID: 29163140 PMCID: PMC5673661 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension has a profound influence on the structure and function of blood vessels. Cerebral vessels undergo both structural and functional changes in hypertensive animals. However, dynamic changes of cerebrovasculature and the factors involved in this process are largely unknown. In this study, we explored the dynamic changes of vascular structure in hypertensive rats using novel synchrotron radiation angiography. Twenty-four spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and 24 Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats underwent synchrotron radiation (SR) angiography. Each group had 8 animals. We studied the cerebral vascular changes in SHR over a time period of 3–12-month and performed quantitative analysis. No vascular morphology differences between SHR and SD rats were observed in the early stage of hypertension. The number of twisted blood vessels in the front brain significantly increased at the 9- and 12-month observation time-points in the SHR compared to the SD rats (p < 0.01). The vessel density of the cortex and the striatum in SHR was consistently higher than that in SD rats at time points of 3-, 9-, and 12-month (p < 0.001). Vascular elasticity decreased both in SHR and SD rats with aging. There were statistically significant differences in the relative vascular elasticity of extracranial/intracranial internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery between SHR and SD rats at 12-month (p < 0.01). We concluded that the dynamic vascular alterations detected by SR angiography provided novel imaging data for the study of hypertension in vivo. The longer the course of hypertension was, the more obvious the vascular differences between the SHR and the SD rats became.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihao Mu
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaojie Lin
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieli Geng
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ti Qiao Xiao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjing Guan
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Decreased susceptibility of major veins in mild traumatic brain injury is correlated with post-concussive symptoms: A quantitative susceptibility mapping study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 15:625-632. [PMID: 28664033 PMCID: PMC5479969 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) is an important biomarker of brain function. In this study, we aimed to explore the relative changes of regional cerebral SvO2 among axonal injury (AI) patients, non-AI patients and healthy controls (HCs) using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). 48 patients and 32 HCs were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the imaging based evidence of AI. QSM was used to measure the susceptibility of major cerebral veins. Nonparametric testing was performed for susceptibility differences among the non-AI patient group, AI patient group and healthy control group. Correlation was performed between the susceptibility of major cerebral veins, elapsed time post trauma (ETPT) and post-concussive symptom scores. The ROC analysis was performed for the diagnostic efficiency of susceptibility to discriminate mTBI patients from HCs. The susceptibility of the straight sinus in non-AI and AI patients was significantly lower than that in HCs (P < 0.001, P = 0.004, respectively, Bonferroni corrected), which may indicate an increased regional cerebral SvO2 in patients. The susceptibility of the straight sinus in non-AI patients positively correlated with ETPT (r = 0.573, P = 0.003, FDR corrected) while that in AI patients negatively correlated with the Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire scores (r = − 0.582, P = 0.018, FDR corrected). The sensitivity, specificity and AUC values of susceptibility for the discrimination between mTBI patients and HCs were 88%, 69% and 0.84. In conclusion, the susceptibility of the straight sinus can be used as a biomarker to monitor the progress of mild TBI and to differentiate mTBI patients from healthy controls. Mild traumatic brain injury caused decreased venous susceptibility. The venous susceptibility can discriminate mTBI patients from healthy controls. Decreased susceptibility may indicate increased venous oxygen saturation (SvO2). Increased SvO2 of patients without axonal injury decreased with time post-injury. Increased SvO2 of axonal injury patients indicated severe post-concussive symptoms.
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