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Le Lay A, Philippe E, Roth F, Sanchez-Archidona AR, Mehl F, Denom J, Prasad R, Asplund O, Hansson O, Ibberson M, Andreelli F, Santoro L, Amouyal P, Amouyal G, Brechot C, Jamot L, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Magnan C. Regenerating islet-derived protein 3α: A promising therapy for diabetes. Preliminary data in rodents and in humans. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09944. [PMID: 35874080 PMCID: PMC9304733 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that administration of Regenerating islet-derived protein 3α (Reg3α), a protein described as having protective effects against oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activity, could participate in the control of glucose homeostasis and potentially be a new target of interest in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. To that end the recombinant human Reg3α protein was administered for one month in insulin-resistant mice fed high fat diet. We performed glucose and insulin tolerance tests, assayed circulating chemokines in plasma and measured glucose uptake in insulin sensitive tissues. We evidenced an increase in insulin sensitivity during an oral glucose tolerance test in ALF-5755 treated mice vs controls and decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokine C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CXCL5). We also demonstrated an increase in glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Finally, correlation studies using human and mouse muscle biopsies showed negative correlation between intramuscular Reg3α mRNA expression (or its murine isoform Reg3γ) and insulin resistance. Thus, we have established the proof of concept that Reg3α could be a novel molecule of interest in the treatment of T2D by increasing insulin sensitivity via a skeletal muscle effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Le Lay
- The Healthy Aging Company, Incubateur Paris Biotech Santé, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Erwann Philippe
- The Healthy Aging Company, Incubateur Paris Biotech Santé, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Roth
- The Healthy Aging Company, Incubateur Paris Biotech Santé, F-75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Florence Mehl
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Denom
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Rashmi Prasad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olof Asplund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Andreelli
- Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Sorbonne Université, INSERM; Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lyse Santoro
- The Healthy Aging Company, Incubateur Paris Biotech Santé, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Paul Amouyal
- The Healthy Aging Company, Incubateur Paris Biotech Santé, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Amouyal
- The Healthy Aging Company, Incubateur Paris Biotech Santé, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Christian Brechot
- The Healthy Aging Company, Incubateur Paris Biotech Santé, F-75014 Paris, France.,University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Laure Jamot
- The Healthy Aging Company, Incubateur Paris Biotech Santé, F-75014 Paris, France
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Hepatitis A: Epidemiology, Natural History, Unusual Clinical Manifestations, and Prevention. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2020; 49:191-199. [PMID: 32389358 PMCID: PMC7883407 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that is transmitted feco-orally through person-to-person contact. Outbreaks are often linked to poor sanitation, overcrowding, or food and water contamination. Infection is often asymptomatic in children, but adults present with jaundice, abdominal pain, hepatitis, and hyperbilirubinemia. Diagnosis is through detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies against HAV, and treatment is supportive. Vaccination is the mainstay of prevention and should be given before exposure whenever possible.
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Hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatitis-associated protein (HIP/PAP) confers protection against hepatic fibrosis through downregulation of transforming growth factor β receptor II. J Transl Med 2020; 100:466-482. [PMID: 31641222 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatitis-associated protein (HIP/PAP) has antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, mitogenic, and antiapoptotic effects and thus exerts important functions in the maintenance of integrity and homeostasis of several organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and liver. Although the potent hepatoprotective effect of HIP/PAP has been validated, its impact on liver fibrosis has not been reported. In this study, we evaluated the role of HIP/PAP on hepatic fibrosis and explored the possible underlying mechanisms. We found that the expression of HIP/PAP and its mouse counterpart, Reg3B, was markedly upregulated in fibrotic human or mouse livers. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, and TNF-α but not TGF-β1 significantly induced hepatic overexpression of Reg3B in mice. In both CCl4 and BDL liver fibrosis models, adenovirus-mediated ectopic expression of HIP/PAP markedly alleviated liver injury, inflammation, collagen deposition, hepatic stellate cell activation, and the overexpression of profibrotic cytokines, including transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A, B, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), in mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated that, in addition to suppressing hepatic stellate cell proliferation and accelerating hepatocyte proliferation, HIP/PAP mitigated TGF-β1-induced hepatic stellate cell activation, hepatocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and upregulated expression of profibrotic cytokines in both hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes. Moreover, HIP/PAP attenuated the overexpression of TGF-β receptor II (TGF-βRII) in fibrotic mouse livers and decreased the basal expression of TGF-βRII in nonfibrotic mouse livers as well as in cultured hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells, which is at least partly attributable to the TGF-β1-antagonizing function of HIP/PAP. This study indicates that increased expression of hepatic HIP/PAP serves as a countermeasure against liver injury and fibrosis. Exogenous supplementation of HIP/PAP might be a promising therapeutic agent for hepatic fibrosis as well as liver injury.
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The recovery of the PT-INR to less than 1.3 predicts survival in patients with severe acute liver injury. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:861-872. [PMID: 29260300 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute liver failure is a potentially fatal disease of various etiologies for which liver transplantation is the only known curative treatment. Although the decision-making on transplantation is largely dependent on the severity of liver injury (based on predicting a fatal outcome), a statistical analysis to predict "survival" has not been extensively conducted. In this study, we investigate the medical history of patients in two distinct areas of Japan with the aim of identifying the predictors of survival in patients with acute liver injury (ALI). METHODS Datasets of 301 patients with ALI in two distinct areas (93 in southern Kyushu and 208 in northern Tohoku) of Japan, who were treated from 2004 to 2014, were included in the analysis. RESULTS Among the enrolled 301 cases, 263 patients survived without transplantation. A PT-INR of ≥ 1.3 during the clinical course was found to be adequate for predicting a poor prognosis, because all of the fatal cases emerged from this population (hazard ratios: southern Kyushu, 0.2827; northern Tohoku, 0.1862). All surviving patients showed a reduction in their PT-INR during treatment, whereas the PT-INR did not decrease in the patients with a poor prognosis. A PT-INR of < 1.3 on days 7 and 8 efficiently predicted transplant-free survival (log-rank test: southern Kyushu, P = 0.0030; northern Tohoku, P = 0.0022). CONCLUSIONS A PT-INR of ≥ 1.3 during the clinical course might identify cases with a poor prognosis, while the recovery of the PT-INR to < 1.3 predicts transplant-free survival.
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