1
|
Hedya S, Charlton A, Leitch AC, Aljehani FA, Pinker B, Wright MC, Abdelghany TM. The methylimidazolium ionic liquid M8OI is a substrate for OCT1 and p-glycoprotein-1 in rat. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 88:105550. [PMID: 36603777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The methylimidazolium ionic liquid M8OI was recently found to be present in both the environment and man. In this study, M8OI disposition and toxicity were examined in an established rat progenitor-hepatocyte model. The progenitor B-13 cell was approx. 13 fold more sensitive to the toxic effects of M8OI than the hepatocyte B-13/H cell. However, this difference in sensitivity was not associated with a difference in metabolic capacities. M8OI toxicity was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner by co-addition of the OCT1 (SLC22A1) inhibitor clonidine, but not by OCT2 or OCT3 inhibitors in B-13 cells. M8OI toxicity was also dose-dependently increased by the co-addition of p-glycoprotein-1 (ABCB1B, multi drug resistant protein 1 (MDR1)) substrates/inhibitors. Excretion of B-13-loaded fluorophore Hoechst 33342 was also inhibited by the p-glycoproteins substrate cyclosporin A and by M8OI in a dose-dependent manner. Comparing levels of OCT and p-glycoprotein transcripts and proteins in B-13 and B-13/H cells suggest that the lower sensitivity to M8OI in B-13/H cells is predominantly associated with their higher expression of p-glycoprotein-1. These data together therefore suggest that a determinant in M8OI toxicity in rats is the expression and activity of the p-glycoprotein-1 transporter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Hedya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt; Institute of Translation and Clinical Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4AA, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Charlton
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, NE1 8QB, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair C Leitch
- Institute of Translation and Clinical Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4AA, United Kingdom
| | - Fahad A Aljehani
- Institute of Translation and Clinical Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4AA, United Kingdom; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Benjamin Pinker
- Institute of Translation and Clinical Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4AA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C Wright
- Institute of Translation and Clinical Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Tarek M Abdelghany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt; Institute of Translation and Clinical Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4AA, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE24HH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdelghany TM, Leitch AC, Nevjestić I, Ibrahim I, Miwa S, Wilson C, Heutz S, Wright MC. Emerging risk from "environmentally-friendly" solvents: Interaction of methylimidazolium ionic liquids with the mitochondrial electron transport chain is a key initiation event in their mammalian toxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111593. [PMID: 32777338 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified the 8C alkyl chain methylimidazolium ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium in the environment and its potential to trigger the auto-immune liver disease primary biliary cholangitis. The toxicity of a range of methylimidazolium ionic liquids were therefore examined. Oxygen consumption was rapidly inhibited, with potency increasing with alkyl chain length. This preceded caspase 3/7 induction and DNA fragmentation. Time- and dose-dependent loss of dye reduction capacities reflected these effects, with a >700 fold difference in potency between 2C and 10C alkyl chain liquids. None of the ionic liquids directly inhibited mitochondrial complexes I-IV or complex V (F0F1-ATPase). However, dithionite reduction and ESR spectroscopy studies indicate a one electron reduction of oxygen in the presence of a methylimidazolium ionic liquid, suggesting methylimidazolium ionic liquids function as mitochondrial electron acceptors. However, only longer chain ionic liquids form a non-aqueous phase or micelle under aqueous physiological conditions and lead to increases in reactive oxygen species in intact cells. These data therefore suggest that the longer chain methylimidazolium liquids are toxic in sensitive liver progenitor cells because they both readily integrate within the inner mitochondrial membrane and accept electrons from the electron chain, leading to oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M Abdelghany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Bioscience Institute, Cookson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE24HH, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair C Leitch
- Health Protection Research Unit, Wolfson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, United Kingdom; Translational and Clinical Research, Level 4 Leech, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE24HH, United Kingdom
| | - Irena Nevjestić
- Department of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Ibrahim
- Translational and Clinical Research, Level 4 Leech, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE24HH, United Kingdom; Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Satomi Miwa
- Bioscience Institute, Cookson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE24HH, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Wilson
- Translational and Clinical Research, Level 4 Leech, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE24HH, United Kingdom; Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sandrine Heutz
- Department of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C Wright
- Health Protection Research Unit, Wolfson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, United Kingdom; Translational and Clinical Research, Level 4 Leech, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE24HH, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Expression of serine/threonine protein kinase SGK1F promotes an hepatoblast state in stem cells directed to differentiate into hepatocytes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218135. [PMID: 31242206 PMCID: PMC6594595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat pancreatic AR42J-B13 (B-13) cell line differentiates into non-replicative hepatocyte-like (B-13/H) cells in response to glucocorticoid. Since this response is dependent on an induction of serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (SGK1), this may suggest that a general pivotal role for SGK1 in hepatocyte maturation. To test this hypothesis, the effects of expressing adenoviral-encoded flag tagged human SGK1F (AdV-SGK1F) was examined at 3 stages of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) differentiation to hepatocytes. B-13 cells infected with AdV-SGK1F in the absence of glucocorticoid resulted in expression of flag tagged SGK1F protein; increases in β-catenin phosphorylation; decreases in Tcf/Lef transcriptional activity; expression of hepatocyte marker genes and conversion of B-13 cells to a cell phenotype near-similar to B-13/H cells. Given this demonstration of functionality, iPSCs directed to differentiate towards hepatocyte-like cells using a standard protocol of chemical inhibitors and mixtures of growth factors were additionally infected with AdV-SGK1F, either at an early time point during differentiation to endoderm; during endoderm differentiation to anterior definitive endoderm and hepatoblasts and once converted to hepatocyte-like cells. SGK1F expression had no effect on differentiation to endoderm, likely due to low levels of expression. However, expression of SGK1F in both iPSCs-derived endoderm and hepatocyte-like cells both resulted in promotion of cells to an hepatoblast phenotype. These data demonstrate that SGK1 expression promotes an hepatoblast phenotype rather than maturation of human iPSC towards a mature hepatocyte phenotype and suggest a transient role for Sgk1 in promoting an hepatoblast state in B-13 trans-differentiation to B-13/H cells.
Collapse
|
4
|
Fairhall EA, Leitch AC, Lakey AF, Abdelghany TM, Ibrahim I, Tosh D, Kass GEN, Wilson C, Wright MC. HNF4alpha expression amplifies the glucocorticoid-induced conversion of a human pancreatic cell line to an hepatocyte-like cell. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1633-1640. [PMID: 30057318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas and liver are closely related developmentally and trans-differentiation of cells from one tissue into the cells of the other has been documented to occur after injury or exposure to selected growth factors or glucocorticoid hormones. To generate a readily-expandable source of human hepatocyte-like (H-13) cells, the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell (HPAC) line was stably transfected with a construct encoding the variant 2 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4α) using a piggyBac vector and transient expression of a transposase. Through induction of transgene HNF4α regulated via an upstream glucocorticoid response element in combination with existing modulating effects of glucocorticoid, H-13 cells were converted into quantitatively similar hepatocyte-like (H-13/H) cells based on expression of a variety of hepatocyte proteins. H-13/H cells also demonstrated the ability to store glycogen and lipids. These data provide proof of concept that regulated expression of genes associated with hepatocyte phenotype could be used to generate quantitatively functional human hepatocyte-like cells using a readily expandable cell source and simple culture protocol. This approach would have utility in Toxicology and Hepatology research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Fairhall
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Health Protection Research Unit, Level 4 Leech, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE24HH, United Kingdom; Leica Biosystems Ltd, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Alistair C Leitch
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Health Protection Research Unit, Level 4 Leech, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE24HH, United Kingdom.
| | - Anne F Lakey
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Health Protection Research Unit, Level 4 Leech, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE24HH, United Kingdom.
| | - Tarek M Abdelghany
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Health Protection Research Unit, Level 4 Leech, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE24HH, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim Ibrahim
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Health Protection Research Unit, Level 4 Leech, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE24HH, United Kingdom; Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE7 7DN, United Kingdom.
| | - David Tosh
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK.
| | - George E N Kass
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Colin Wilson
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE7 7DN, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew C Wright
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Health Protection Research Unit, Level 4 Leech, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE24HH, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fairhall EA, Leitch AC, Lakey AF, Probert PME, Richardson G, De Santis C, Wright MC. Glucocorticoid-induced pancreatic-hepatic trans-differentiation in a human cell line in vitro. Differentiation 2018; 102:10-18. [PMID: 29857331 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rodent pancreatic AR42J-B13 (B-13) cell line differentiates into non-replicative hepatocyte-like cells in response to glucocorticoid mediated via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The aims of this study were to identify a human cell line that responds similarly and investigate the mechanisms underpinning any alteration in differentiation. Exposing the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma (HPAC) cell line to 1-10 µM concentrations of dexamethasone (DEX) resulted an inhibition of proliferation, suppressed carcinoembryonic antigen expression, limited expression of pancreatic acinar and hepatic gene expression and significant induction of the constitutively-expressed hepatic CYP3A5 mRNA transcript. These changes were associated with a pulse of genomic DNA methylation and suppressed notch signalling activity. HPAC cells expressed high levels of GR transcript in contrast to other nuclear receptors - such as the glucocorticoid-activated pregnane X receptor (PXR) - and GR transcriptional function was activated by DEX in HPAC cells. Expression of selected hepatocyte transcripts in response to DEX was blocked by co-treatment with the GR antagonist RU486. These data indicate that the HPAC response to glucocorticoid exposure includes an inhibition in proliferation, alterations in notch signalling and a limited change in the expression of genes associated with an acinar and hepatic phenotype. This is the first demonstration of a human cell responding to similarly to the rodent B-13 cell regarding formation of hepatocyte-like cells in response to glucocorticoid. Identifying and modulating the ablating factor(s) may enhance the hepatocyte-like forming capacity of HPAC cells after exposure to glucocorticoid and generate an unlimited in vitro supply of human hepatocytes for toxicology studies and a variety of clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Fairhall
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Level 4 William Leech Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Alistair C Leitch
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Level 4 William Leech Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Anne F Lakey
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Level 4 William Leech Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Philip M E Probert
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Level 4 William Leech Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Gabriella Richardson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Level 4 William Leech Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Carol De Santis
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Level 4 William Leech Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Matthew C Wright
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Level 4 William Leech Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gratte FD, Pasic S, Olynyk JK, Yeoh GCT, Tosh D, Coombe DR, Tirnitz-Parker JEE. Transdifferentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells to hepatocyte-like cells is not serum-dependent when facilitated by extracellular matrix proteins. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29531353 PMCID: PMC5847606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of chronic liver disease, coupled with a permanent shortage of organs for liver transplantation, has sparked enormous interest in alternative treatment strategies. Previous protocols to generate hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) via pancreas-to-liver transdifferentiation have utilised fetal bovine serum, introducing unknown variables and severely limiting study reproducibility. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to develop a protocol for transdifferentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells to HLCs in a chemically defined, serum-free culture medium. The clonal pancreatic progenitor cell line AR42J-B13 was cultured in basal growth medium on uncoated plastic culture dishes in the absence or presence of Dexamethasone on uncoated, laminin- or fibronectin-coated culture substrata, with or without serum supplementation. The hepatocytic differentiation potential was evaluated: (i) morphologically through bright-field and scanning electron microscopy, (ii) by assessing pancreatic and hepatic marker expression and (iii) by determining the function of HLCs through their ability to synthesise glycogen or take up and release indocyanine green. Here we demonstrate for the first time that transdifferentiation of pancreatic cells to HLCs is not dependent on serum. These results will assist in converting current differentiation protocols into procedures that are compliant with clinical use in future cell-based therapies to treat liver-related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis D Gratte
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Sara Pasic
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - John K Olynyk
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fiona Stanley and Fremantle Hospitals, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - George C T Yeoh
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - David Tosh
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Deirdre R Coombe
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia. .,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
| | - Janina E E Tirnitz-Parker
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia. .,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia. .,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leitch AC, Probert PME, Shayman JA, Meyer SK, Kass GEN, Wright MC. B-13 progenitor-derived hepatocytes (B-13/H cells) model lipid dysregulation in response to drugs and chemicals. Toxicology 2017; 386:120-132. [PMID: 28552552 PMCID: PMC5553091 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lipid dysregulation is a common hepatic adverse outcome after exposure to toxic drugs and chemicals. A donor-free rat hepatocyte-like (B-13/H) cell was therefore examined as an in vitro model for investigating mechanisms. The B-13/H cell irreversibly accumulated triglycerides (steatosis) in a time- and dose-dependent manner when exposed to fatty acids, an effect that was potentiated by the combined addition of hyperglycaemic levels of glucose and insulin. B-13/H cells also expressed the LXR nuclear receptors and exposure to their activators – T0901317 or GW3965 – induced luciferase expression from a transfected LXR-regulated reporter gene construct and steatosis in a dose-dependent manner with T0901317. Exposing B-13/H cells to a variety of cationic amphiphilic drugs – but not other hepatotoxins – also resulted in a time- and dose-dependent accumulation of phospholipids (phospholipidosis), an effect that was reduced by over-expression of lysosomal phospholipase A2. Through application of this model, hepatotoxin methapyrilene exposure was shown to induce phospholipidosis in both B-13 and B-13/H cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. However, methapyrilene was only toxic to B-13/H cells and inhibitors of hepatotoxicity enhanced phospholipidosis, suggesting phospholipidosis is not a pathway in toxicity for this withdrawn drug. In contrast, pre-existing steatosis had minimal effect on methapyrilene hepatotoxicity in B-13/H cells. These data demonstrate that the donor free B-13 cell system for generating hepatocyte-like cells may be employed in studies of fatty acid- and LXR activator-induced steatosis and phospholipidosis and in the dissection of pathways leading to adverse outcomes such as hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alistair C Leitch
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Philip M E Probert
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - James A Shayman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie K Meyer
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - George E N Kass
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
| | - Matthew C Wright
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lou Y, Zhang F, Luo Y, Wang L, Huang S, Jin F. Serum and Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinase 1 in Sodium Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081307. [PMID: 27517916 PMCID: PMC5000704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is tightly regulated by osmotic and hormonal signals, including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Recently, SGK1 has been implicated as a signal hub for the regulation of sodium transport. SGK1 modulates the activities of multiple ion channels and carriers, such as epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav1.5), sodium hydrogen exchangers 1 and 3 (NHE1 and NHE3), sodium-chloride symporter (NCC), and sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (NKCC2); as well as the sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) and type A natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-A). Accordingly, SGK1 is implicated in the physiology and pathophysiology of Na+ homeostasis. Here, we focus particularly on recent findings of SGK1’s involvement in Na+ transport in renal sodium reabsorption, hormone-stimulated salt appetite and fluid balance and discuss the abnormal SGK1-mediated Na+ reabsorption in hypertension, heart disease, edema with diabetes, and embryo implantation failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Lou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Gynaecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuqin Luo
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shisi Huang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fan Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, National Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Women's Reproductive Healthy Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|