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Curry AM, Rymarchyk S, Herrington NB, Donu D, Kellogg GE, Cen Y. Nicotinamide riboside activates SIRT5 deacetylation. FEBS J 2023; 290:4762-4776. [PMID: 37289138 PMCID: PMC10592517 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human sirtuins play important roles in various cellular events including DNA repair, gene silencing, mitochondrial biogenesis, insulin secretion and apoptosis. They regulate a wide array of protein and enzyme targets through their NAD+ -dependent deacetylase activities. Sirtuins are also thought to mediate the beneficial effects of low-calorie intake to extend longevity in diverse organisms from yeast to mammals. Small molecules mimicking calorie restriction to stimulate sirtuin activity are attractive therapeutics against age-related disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and neurodegeneration. Little is known about one of the mitochondrial sirtuins, SIRT5. SIRT5 has emerged as a critical player in maintaining cardiac health and neuronal viability upon stress and functions as a tumour suppressor in a context-specific manner. Much has been debated about whether SIRT5 has evolved away from being a deacetylase because of its weak catalytic activity, especially in the in vitro testing. We have, for the first time, identified a SIRT5-selective allosteric activator, nicotinamide riboside (NR). It can increase SIRT5 catalytic efficiency with different synthetic peptide substrates. The mechanism of action was further explored using a combination of molecular biology and biochemical strategies. Based on the existing structural biology information, the NR binding site was also mapped out. These activators are powerful chemical probes for the elucidation of cellular regulations and biological functions of SIRT5. The knowledge gained in this study can be used to guide the design and synthesis of more potent, isotype-selective SIRT5 activators and to develop them into therapeutics for metabolic disorders and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson M. Curry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540
| | - Stacia Rymarchyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT 05446
| | - Noah B. Herrington
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540
| | - Dickson Donu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540
| | - Glen E. Kellogg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540
| | - Yana Cen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0133
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Hu B, Zhao M, Luo D, Yu C, Shao S, Zhao L, Yang Y, Zhang X, Zhao J, Gao L. Quantitative Analysis of the Proteome and the Succinylome in the Thyroid Tissue of High-Fat Diet-Induced Hypothyroxinemia in Rats. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:3240198. [PMID: 32774361 PMCID: PMC7396117 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3240198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is a common disease, and its molecular mechanism still needs further investigation. Lysine succinylation is found to be involved in various metabolic processes associated with hypothyroidism. We performed quantitative analysis on lysine succinylome in thyroids of rats with hypothyroxinemia, which was induced through the administration of a high-fat diet. Overall, 129 differentially expressed proteins were quantified. Downregulated proteins were enriched in the thyroid hormone synthesis and thyroid hormone signaling pathways and were mainly localized in the mitochondria. In addition, 172 lysine succinylation sites on 104 proteins were obviously changed. Decreased succinylated proteins were involved in diverse metabolic pathways and were primarily localized in mitochondria. Finally, the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates of human normal thyroid epithelial cells were measured to further verify the role of lysine succinylation. The mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates were markedly blunted in the cells treated with palmitic acid (all p < 0.05), and the changes were reversed when the cells were treated with palmitic acid and desuccinylase inhibitor together (all p < 0.05). Thus, we theorize that the thyroid differentially expressed proteins and changed succinylation levels played potential roles in the mitochondria-mediated energy metabolism in the high-fat diet-induced hypothyroxinemia rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 54 Gongqingtuan West Road, Zibo 255036, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Dandan Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yashuang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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The Lifespan Extension Ability of Nicotinic Acid Depends on Whether the Intracellular NAD + Level Is Lower than the Sirtuin-Saturating Concentrations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010142. [PMID: 31878234 PMCID: PMC6982340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction can extend lifespan by increasing intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), thereby upregulating the activity of sirtuins (Caenorhabditis elegans Sir-2.1; human SIRT1). Nicotinic acid (NA) can be metabolized to NAD+; however, the calorie restriction mimetic (CRM) potential of NA is unclear. This study explored the ability and mechanism of NA to extend the lifespan of human Hs68 cells and C. elegans. We found that NA can efficiently increase the intracellular NAD+ levels in Hs68 cells and C. elegans; however, NA was only able to extend the lifespan of C. elegans. The steady-state NAD+ level in C. elegans was approximately 55 μM. When intracellular NAD+ was increased by a mutation of pme-1 (poly (ADP-ribose) metabolism enzyme 1) or by pretreatment with NAD+ in the medium, the lifespan extension ability of NA disappeared. Additionally, the saturating concentration of NAD+ required by SIRT1 was approximately 200 μM; however, the steady-state concentration of NAD+ in Hs68 cells reached up to 460 μM. These results demonstrate that the lifespan extension ability of NA depends on whether the intracellular level of NAD+ is lower than the sirtuin-saturating concentration in Hs68 cells and in C. elegans. Thus, the CRM potential of NA should be limited to individuals with lower intracellular NAD+.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Developing evidence in the literature suggests that sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) may be involved in metabolic reprogramming, an emerging hallmark of cancer by which neoplastic cells reconfigure their metabolism to support the anabolic demands of rapid cell division. SIRT5 is one of the seven members of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent sirtuin family of lysine deacetylases. It removes succinyl, malonyl, and glutaryl groups from protein targets within the mitochondrial matrix and other subcellular compartments. SIRT5 substrates include a number of proteins integral to metabolism. Recent Advances: New work has begun to elucidate the roles of SIRT5 in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, nitrogen metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, antioxidant defense, and apoptosis. CRITICAL ISSUES In this study, we summarize biological functions of SIRT5 reported in normal tissues and in cancer and discuss potential mechanisms whereby SIRT5 may impact tumorigenesis, particularly focusing on its reported roles in metabolic reprogramming. Finally, we review current efforts to target SIRT5 pharmacologically. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The biological significance of SIRT5 has been elucidated in the context of only an extremely small fraction of its targets and interactors. There is no doubt that further studies in this area will provide a wealth of insights into functions of SIRT5 and its targets in normal and neoplastic cells. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 677-690.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela H. Guo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David B. Lombard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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