1
|
Killiny N, Brodersen CR. Using X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography to Three-Dimensionally Visualize the Foregut of the Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter ( Homalodisca vitripennis). INSECTS 2022; 13:710. [PMID: 36005335 PMCID: PMC9409420 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dissecting the heads of small insects belonging to the order Hemiptera for detailed anatomical investigation with light or scanning electron microscopy is difficult, time-consuming, and destructive, often resulting in sample preparation artifacts. Nevertheless, the structural details of these insects often hold critical information regarding their interactions with bacterial pathogens. For example, the glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS) is an efficient vector of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of Pierce's disease in grape vines, but the foregut of this species is exceptionally difficult to dissect. Here, we describe a simple, non-destructive method to investigate the structure of the anterior gut of GWSS using high-resolution micro-computed X-ray tomography (microCT). The use of microCT eliminates the need for destructive dissection and reveals the morphology of small insects in three dimensions, allowing the user to virtually dissect the sample. The use of microCT imaging is a promising and powerful tool in the entomological sciences for studying the structures of vector insects, especially for difficult-to-dissect regions such as the foregut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Killiny
- Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Craig R. Brodersen
- School of the Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fischer G, Friedman NR, Huang JP, Narula N, Knowles LL, Fisher BL, Mikheyev AS, Economo EP. Socially Parasitic Ants Evolve a Mosaic of Host-Matching and Parasitic Morphological Traits. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3639-3646.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
3
|
Salata S, Fisher BL. Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar - an introduction and a taxonomic revision of eleven species groups. Zookeys 2020; 905:1-235. [PMID: 32063726 PMCID: PMC7004242 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.905.39592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study represents an introduction to the revision of Pheidole Westwood, 1839 from Madagascar. Sixteen species groups are established, of which eleven are revised below, and illustrated identification keys to species groups and species of groups revised in this monograph are presented. Two species are raised to species level: Pheidolepetax Forel, 1895 stat. nov., and P.scabrata Forel, 1895 stat. nov. We also redescribe worker castes and designate lectotypes for P.annemariae Forel, 1918, P.nemoralis Forel, 1892, P.petax Forel, 1895, P.ensifera Forel, 1897, P.longispinosa Forel, 1891, and P.scabrata Forel, 1895. The following 46 new species are described: Pheidoleaelloeasp. nov., P.alasp. nov., P.andapasp. nov., P.ankeranasp. nov., P.avaratrasp. nov., P.bemarahaensissp. nov., P.bemarivoensissp. nov., P.binarasp. nov., P.boriborasp. nov., P.brevipilosasp. nov., P.curvistriatasp. nov., P.diakritossp. nov., P.ehazoarasp. nov., P.ferrugineasp. nov., P.fisakasp. nov., P.fitaratasp. nov., P.glabrasp. nov., P.goavanasp. nov., P.lamperossp. nov., P.longipilosasp. nov., P.luteasp. nov., P.madinikasp. nov., P.mahaboensissp. nov., P.maizinasp. nov., P.makaensissp. nov., P.makirovanasp. nov., P.manantenensissp. nov., P.mantadiasp. nov., P.marieannaesp. nov., P.masoalasp. nov., P.mavesatrasp. nov., P.miramilasp. nov., P.moramanaensissp. nov., P.navoatrensissp. nov., P.ocypodeasp. nov., P.parvioculasp. nov., P.podargeasp. nov., P.praegrandissp. nov., P.ranohirensissp. nov., P.rugocephalasp. nov., P.rugofitaratasp. nov., P.typhlossp. nov., P.vatovavensissp. nov., P.voasarasp. nov., P.vohemarensissp. nov., and P.zavamanirasp. nov. At present, there are 69 valid species and subspecies of Pheidole known from Madagascar, but this number is expected to increase significantly with upcoming taxonomic revisions of the species groups not revised in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Salata
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences San Francisco United States of America
| | - Brian L Fisher
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences San Francisco United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Darwell CT, Fischer G, Sarnat EM, Friedman NR, Liu C, Baiao G, Mikheyev AS, Economo EP. Genomic and phenomic analysis of island ant community assembly. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:1611-1627. [PMID: 31820838 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Island biodiversity has long fascinated biologists as it typically presents tractable systems for unpicking the eco-evolutionary processes driving community assembly. In general, two recurring themes are of central theoretical interest. First, immigration, diversification, and extinction typically depend on island geographical properties (e.g., area, isolation, and age). Second, predictable ecological and evolutionary trajectories readily occur after colonization, such as the evolution of adaptive trait syndromes, trends toward specialization, adaptive radiation, and eventual ecological decline. Hypotheses such as the taxon cycle draw on several of these themes to posit particular constraints on colonization and subsequent eco-evolutionary dynamics. However, it has been challenging to examine these integrated dynamics with traditional methods. Here, we combine phylogenomics, population genomics and phenomics, to unravel community assembly dynamics among Pheidole (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) ants in the isolated Fijian archipelago. We uphold basic island biogeographic predictions that isolated islands accumulate diversity primarily through in situ evolution rather than dispersal, and population genomic support for taxon cycle predictions that endemic species have decreased dispersal ability and demography relative to regionally widespread taxa. However, rather than trending toward island syndromes, ecomorphological diversification in Fiji was intense, filling much of the genus-level global morphospace. Furthermore, while most endemic species exhibit demographic decline and reduced dispersal, we show that the archipelago is not an evolutionary dead-end. Rather, several endemic species show signatures of population and range expansion, including a successful colonization to the Cook islands. These results shed light on the processes shaping island biotas and refine our understanding of island biogeographic theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clive T Darwell
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Georg Fischer
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Eli M Sarnat
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nicholas R Friedman
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Cong Liu
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Guilherme Baiao
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Alexander S Mikheyev
- Ecology and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.,Research School of Biology, Evolutionary Genomics Research Group, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Evan P Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Newe A, Becker L. Three-Dimensional Portable Document Format (3D PDF) in Clinical Communication and Biomedical Sciences: Systematic Review of Applications, Tools, and Protocols. JMIR Med Inform 2018; 6:e10295. [PMID: 30087092 PMCID: PMC6103636 DOI: 10.2196/10295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Portable Document Format (PDF) is the standard file format for the communication of biomedical information via the internet and for electronic scholarly publishing. Although PDF allows for the embedding of three-dimensional (3D) objects and although this technology has great potential for the communication of such data, it is not broadly used by the scientific community or by clinicians. Objective The objective of this review was to provide an overview of existing publications that apply 3D PDF technology and the protocols and tools for the creation of model files and 3D PDFs for scholarly purposes to demonstrate the possibilities and the ways to use this technology. Methods A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar. Articles searched for were in English, peer-reviewed with biomedical reference, published since 2005 in a journal or presented at a conference or scientific meeting. Ineligible articles were removed after screening. The found literature was categorized into articles that (1) applied 3D PDF for visualization, (2) showed ways to use 3D PDF, and (3) provided tools or protocols for the creation of 3D PDFs or necessary models. Finally, the latter category was analyzed in detail to provide an overview of the state of the art. Results The search retrieved a total of 902 items. Screening identified 200 in-scope publications, 13 covering the use of 3D PDF for medical purposes. Only one article described a clinical routine use case; all others were pure research articles. The disciplines that were covered beside medicine were many. In most cases, either animal or human anatomies were visualized. A method, protocol, software, library, or other tool for the creation of 3D PDFs or model files was described in 19 articles. Most of these tools required advanced programming skills and/or the installation of further software packages. Only one software application presented an all-in-one solution with a graphical user interface. Conclusions The use of 3D PDF for visualization purposes in clinical communication and in biomedical publications is still not in common use, although both the necessary technique and suitable tools are available, and there are many arguments in favor of this technique. The potential of 3D PDF usage should be disseminated in the clinical and biomedical community. Furthermore, easy-to-use, standalone, and free-of-charge software tools for the creation of 3D PDFs should be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Newe
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,NewTec GmbH, Pfaffenhofen an der Roth, Germany
| | - Linda Becker
- Chair of Health Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Staab M, Garcia FH, Liu C, Xu ZH, Economo EP. Systematics of the ant genus Proceratium Roger (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Proceratiinae) in China - with descriptions of three new species based on micro-CT enhanced next-generation-morphology. Zookeys 2018; 770:137-192. [PMID: 30002593 PMCID: PMC6041363 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.770.24908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Proceratium Roger, 1863 contains cryptic, subterranean ants that are seldom sampled and rare in natural history collections. Furthermore, most Proceratium specimens are extremely hairy and, due to their enlarged and curved gaster, often mounted suboptimally. As a consequence, the poorly observable physical characteristics of the material and its scarcity result in a rather challenging alpha taxonomy of this group. In this study, the taxonomy of the Chinese Proceratium fauna is reviewed and updated by combining examinations of traditional light microscopy with x-ray microtomography (micro-CT). Based on micro-CT scans of seven out of eight species, virtual 3D surface models were generated that permit in-depth comparative analyses of specimen morphology in order to overcome the difficulties to examine physical material of Proceratium. Eight Chinese species are recognized, of which three are newly described: Proceratium bruelheidei Staab, Xu & Hita Garcia, sp. n. and P. kepingmaisp. n. belong to the P. itoi clade and have been collected in the subtropical forests of southeast China, whereas P. shoheisp. n. belongs to the P. stictum clade and it is only known from a tropical forest of Yunnan Province. Proceratium nujiangense Xu, 2006 syn. n. is proposed as a junior synonym of P. zhaoi Xu, 2000. These taxonomic acts raise the number of known Chinese Proceratium species to eight. In order to integrate the new species into the existing taxonomic system and to facilitate identifications, an illustrated key to the worker caste of all Chinese species is provided, supplemented by species accounts with high-resolution montage images and still images of volume renderings of 3D models based on micro-CT. Moreover, cybertype datasets are provided for the new species, as well as digital datasets for the remaining species that include the raw micro-CT scan data, 3D surface models, 3D rotation videos, and all light photography and micro-CT still images. These datasets are available online (Dryad, Staab et al. 2018, http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h6j0g4p).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Staab
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francisco Hita Garcia
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Cong Liu
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Zheng-Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, College of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650224, P.R. China
| | - Evan P. Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Agavekar G, Hita Garcia F, Economo EP. Taxonomic overview of the hyperdiverse ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in India with descriptions and X-ray microtomography of two new species from the Andaman Islands. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3800. [PMID: 28948101 PMCID: PMC5610556 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With 600 described species, the ant genus Tetramorium represents one of the most species-rich ant radiations. However, much work remains to fully document the hyperdiversity of this remarkable group. Tetramorium, while globally distributed, is thought to have originated in the Afrotropics and is particularly diverse in the Old World. Here, we focus attention on the Tetramorium fauna of India, a region of high biodiversity value and interest for conservation. We overview Tetramorium diversity in India by providing a species list, accounts of all species groups present, an illustrated identification key to Indian Tetramorium species groups and notes on the Indian Tetramorium fauna. Further, we describe two new species, Tetramorium krishnani sp. n. and Tetramorium jarawa sp. n. from the Andaman Islands archipelago and embed them into currently recognized Tetramorium tonganum and Tetramorium inglebyi species groups. We also provide illustrated species level keys for these groups. Along with detailed species descriptions and high-resolution montage images of types, we provide 3D cybertypes of the new species derived from X-ray micro-computed tomography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Agavekar
- Master's Program in Wildlife Biology and Conservation, Wildlife Conservation Society - India Program and National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India.,National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India.,Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Francisco Hita Garcia
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Evan P Economo
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Garcia FH, Fischer G, Liu C, Audisio TL, Economo EP. Next-generation morphological character discovery and evaluation: an X-ray micro-CT enhanced revision of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) in the Afrotropics. Zookeys 2017; 693:33-93. [PMID: 29362522 PMCID: PMC5777420 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.693.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New technologies for imaging and analysis of morphological characters offer opportunities to enhance revisionary taxonomy and better integrate it with the rest of biology. In this study, we revise the Afrotropical fauna of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler, and use high-resolution X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) to analyse a number of morphological characters of taxonomic and biological interest. We recognise and describe three new species: Z. obamaisp. n., Z. sarowiwaisp. n., and Z. wilsonisp. n. The species delimitations are based on the morphological examination of all physical specimens in combination with 3D scans and volume reconstructions. Based on this approach, we present a new taxonomic discrimination system for the regional fauna that consists of a combination of easily observable morphological characters visible at magnifications of around 80-100 ×, less observable characters that require higher magnifications, as well as characters made visible through virtual dissections that would otherwise require destructive treatment. Zasphinctus are rarely collected ants and the material available to us is comparatively scarce. Consequently, we explore the use of micro-CT as a non-invasive tool for the virtual examination, manipulation, and dissection of such rare material. Furthermore, we delineate the treated species by providing a diagnostic character matrix illustrated by numerous images and supplement that with additional evidence in the form of stacked montage images, 3D PDFs and 3D rotation videos of scans of major body parts and full body (in total we provide 16 stacked montage photographs, 116 images of 3D reconstructions, 15 3D rotation videos, and 13 3D PDFs). In addition to the comparative morphology analyses used for species delimitations, we also apply micro-CT data to examine certain traits, such as mouthparts, cuticle thickness, and thoracic and abdominal muscles in order to assess their taxonomic usefulness or gain insights into the natural history of the genus. The complete datasets comprising the raw micro-CT data, 3D PDFs, 3D rotation videos, still images of 3D models, and coloured montage photos have been made available online as cybertypes (Dryad, http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4s3v1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Hita Garcia
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919–1 Tancha, Onna-son 904–0495, Japan
| | - Georg Fischer
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919–1 Tancha, Onna-son 904–0495, Japan
| | - Cong Liu
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919–1 Tancha, Onna-son 904–0495, Japan
| | - Tracy L. Audisio
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919–1 Tancha, Onna-son 904–0495, Japan
| | - Evan P. Economo
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919–1 Tancha, Onna-son 904–0495, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sarnat EM, Friedman NR, Fischer G, Lecroq-Bennet B, Economo EP. Rise of the spiny ants: diversification, ecology and function of extreme traits in the hyperdiverse genus Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
10
|
Hita Garcia F, Fischer G, Liu C, Audisio TL, Alpert GD, Fisher BL, Economo EP. X-Ray microtomography for ant taxonomy: An exploration and case study with two new Terataner (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) species from Madagascar. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172641. [PMID: 28328931 PMCID: PMC5362212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the potential of x-ray micro computed tomography (μCT) for the field of ant taxonomy by using it to enhance the descriptions of two remarkable new species of the ant genus Terataner: T. balrogsp. n. and T. nymeriasp. n.. We provide an illustrated worker-based species identification key for all species found on Madagascar, as well as detailed taxonomic descriptions, which include diagnoses, discussions, measurements, natural history data, high-quality montage images and distribution maps for both new species. In addition to conventional morphological examination, we have used virtual reconstructions based on volumetric μCT scanning data for the species descriptions. We also include 3D PDFs, still images of virtual reconstructions, and 3D rotation videos for both holotype workers and one paratype queen. The complete μCT datasets have been made available online (Dryad, https://datadryad.org) and represent the first cybertypes in ants (and insects). We discuss the potential of μCT scanning and critically assess the usefulness of cybertypes for ant taxonomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Hita Garcia
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Georg Fischer
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Cong Liu
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tracy L. Audisio
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Gary D. Alpert
- Entomology Department, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brian L. Fisher
- Entomology Department, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Evan P. Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Correction: Revision and Microtomography of the Pheidole knowlesi Group, an Endemic Ant Radiation in Fiji (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161520. [PMID: 27529169 PMCID: PMC4986979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|