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Tsai CL, Chu CM, Lane HY, Chen SL, Tu CH, Ma WF. The Comparison of Lifestyles, Mental Risks, and Physical Indices among Individuals with Ultra-High Risk of Psychosis, Patients with Schizophrenia, and the General Public. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:395. [PMID: 38785886 PMCID: PMC11118771 DOI: 10.3390/bs14050395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Early interventions may effectively reduce the risk of mental disorders in individuals with ultra-high risk. Specifying the health needs of individuals with ultra-high risk is crucial before the implementation of successful early intervention. This study aimed to explore the differences in lifestyles, mental risks, and physical indices among individuals with ultra-high risk, patients with schizophrenia, and healthy subjects. (2) Methods: A cross-section design applying seven questionnaires with physical examinations for 144 participants aged 13-45 years old was conducted in this study. The questionnaires included one about personal data, four on mental risks, and two for lifestyles. (3) Results: The individuals with ultra-high risk scored similarly in many dimensions as the patients with schizophrenia, but they displayed lower positive symptoms, lower negative symptoms, lower prodromal symptoms, higher interpersonal deficits, lower nutrition intake, and higher levels of exercise than the patients with schizophrenia. Female individuals with ultra-high risk had lower self-esteem, higher positive symptoms, lower nutrition intake, and higher exercise levels than male ones. (4) Conclusions: The study pinpointed specific health needs with interpersonal deficits, nutrition intake, and physical activity for the individuals with ultra-high risk. Future interventions targeted on improving social function, dietary pattern, and exercise will be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lun Tsai
- Department of Research and Development, BIOZOE Co., Ltd., Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Ming Chu
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Big Data Research Center, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Shiah-Lian Chen
- Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 403, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Hao Tu
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Fen Ma
- School of Nursing, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Inter-Sectoral Management of Suicidal Persons in Ghana: Tensions and Prospects. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:1010-1016. [PMID: 32995947 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Inter-sectoral collaboration health care model is essential for effective suicide prevention and treatment. This brief report presents three cases to illustrate two important facts in suicidology and related observed dynamics working as suicide researchers in Ghana. The first fact is that suicidal work is a multidisciplinary approach. The second: there may be contextual factors which may make a multidisciplinary approach in working with a suicidal person difficult in Ghana. The first two cases involved the work of a Clinical Psychologist/Suicidologist (First author), while the third involved the work of a Community Psychologist/Suicidologist (Second Author). Thematic analysis of experiences showed the trajectories of tensions and prospects involved when working as a team in providing help for persons in suicidal crisis in Ghana. Based on the findings, we make recommendations for scaling up mental health education and suicide training for allied professionals towards enriching and expanding inter-sectoral collaboration in preventing and treating suicidality.
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Chiang SK, Chen PT, Liu CC. Psychometric properties of the brief self-report questionnaire for screening putative pre-psychotic states and validation of clinical utility in young adult. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251915. [PMID: 34138873 PMCID: PMC8211275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Brief Self-Report Questionnaire for Screening Putative Pre-Psychotic States (BQSPS), a brief, self-reported screening tool for risk of psychosis, can detect auditory perceptual disturbances significantly associated with perceived need for psychological services among young adults. However, the relationship is largely explained by the existence of neurotic traits, anxiety and depression symptoms. Objective This study explores possible explanations of previous results from factor structures of the BQSPS and the clinical implications underlying each factor. Methods Construct validity, criterion-related validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability of the BQSPS are determined among young adults (N = 289). Results We find that Social Anxiety, Positive Symptoms, and Negative Symptoms are three components in the BQSPS for young adults. Moreover, we find that each component of the BQSPS can be explained by related forms of psychopathology, self-esteem, or personality traits. Finally, the BQSPS can satisfactorily distinguish cases from non-cases using the Symptoms Check List-90-Revised. Conclusions We clarify the clinical implications of each component of the BQSPS and thus expand its clinical utility. The BQSPS has good psychometric properties in young adults from an ethnically Chinese population. Limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Kuang Chiang
- Department of Counselling and Clinical Psychology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien County, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ti Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Hsiung DY, Tsai CL, Chiang LC, Ma WF. Screening nursing students to identify those at high risk of poor mental health: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025912. [PMID: 31243030 PMCID: PMC6597654 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify those at high risk of poor mental health among nursing students and to examine the relationships and consistency among five mental health assessments. DESIGN A cross-sectional design with purposive sampling was used. Four mental health screening tools plus previous mental health history/information were conducted during June 2015 to October 2016. SETTING A nursing major university in Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2779 participants aged between 19 and 45 years were recruited. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Five mental health risks were identified: increased risk for ultra-high risk, putative prepsychosis states, high trait anxiety, high state anxiety with genetic risk and depression. RESULTS Out of the 3395 collected questionnaire, 2779 (82%) were found valid and included in the study. 612 (22%) of the participants were identified to be at mental health risk. 12 of them appeared positive in four, 79 in three, 148 in two and 373 in one of the adopted mental health screening tools. 69 participants had the experience of seeking medical help due to mental health issues, and 58% of them were identified to be at risk of mental health during the screening. Trait and state anxiety scored the highest in correlation analysis (r(2620)=0.76, p<0.001). Correlations were observed in the scores on the subscales of Chinese Version of Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (CSPQ-B) and those of Brief self-report Questionnaire for Screening Putative Prepsychotic States (BQSPS), and the highest correlation coefficients was (r(2740)=0.70, p<0.001). Although both of the screening tools are used to assess mental illness risk at its prodromal phase, but CSPQ-B in general appeared to have more rigorous screening criteria than BQSPS. CONCLUSION For expediting early identification high risk of poor mental health, easy-to-use screening questionnaires can be adopted to assess the mental health state of nursing students whose mental well-being and overall health are of vital importance to the entire healthcare industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Yun Hsiung
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Lun Tsai
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Fen Ma
- School of Nursing, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Núñez D, Fresno A, van Borkulo CD, Courtet P, Arias V, Garrido V, Wigman JTW. Examining relationships between psychotic experiences and suicidal ideation in adolescents using a network approach. Schizophr Res 2018; 201:54-61. [PMID: 29804930 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in young individuals. Timely and adequate identification of individuals with suicidal ideation could prevent from suicidal behavior. Psychotic experiences (PE) have been shown to increase levels of suicidal ideation (SI) in the general population. Therefore, detailed investigation of the relationship of PE and SI is relevant. However, the exact nature of the relationship between these two phenomena remains unclear. Understanding psychopathology as a complex network of interacting symptoms could be helpful to elucidate specific associations existing between PE and SI. METHOD A specific type of network analysis, the Ising model, was used to examine connections between dichotomized questions on psychotic experiences and suicidal ideation in a cross-sectional study with 1685 adolescents from the general population aged 13-18 years. RESULTS SI was mostly connected to the PE domains perceptual anomalies (PA) and bizarre experiences (BE), which have higher strength values in the network. Central nodes within these domains, as indexed by higher centrality measures (strength and betweenness) were: auditory experiences (PA1: hearing voices when you are alone), persecutory ideation (BE1: feelings of being persecuted; BE2: conspiracy against you), and social anxiety (SANX) (SANX1: I cannot get close to people). CONCLUSIONS Suicidal ideation is differentially connected to specific psychotic experiences. Auditory PE, persecutory ideation, and social anxiety symptoms could play a central role in the interconnectedness of the two constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Núñez
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Chile.
| | - A Fresno
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Chile
| | - C D van Borkulo
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P Courtet
- Département d'Urgences & Post Urgence Psychiatrique, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, France
| | - V Arias
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Community Integration (INICO), Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - V Garrido
- Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - J T W Wigman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. of Psychiatry, the Netherlands
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Hielscher E, DeVylder JE, Saha S, Connell M, Scott JG. Why are psychotic experiences associated with self-injurious thoughts and behaviours? A systematic review and critical appraisal of potential confounding and mediating factors. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1410-1426. [PMID: 28929996 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic experiences (PEs), including hallucination- and delusion-like experiences, are robustly associated with self-injurious thoughts and behaviours (SITB) in the general population. However, it remains unclear as to why there is an association. The purpose of this systematic review was to elucidate the role of other factors that influence the association between PEs and SITB and, in doing so, highlight potential mechanisms underlying the relationship. A search of electronic international databases was undertaken, including PubMed, PsycINFO and EMBASE, and eligible studies were grouped according to seven confounder categories: sociodemographics, mental disorders, alcohol and substance use, environmental, psychological, intervention and family history/genetic factors. The systematic search strategy identified 41 publications reporting on 1 39 427 participants from 16 different countries. In the majority of studies, where adjustment for other variables occurred, the association between PEs and SITB persisted, suggesting PEs have an independent role. Common mental disorders, psychological distress and negative environmental exposures explained a substantial amount of the variance and therefore need to be considered as potential underlying mechanisms. There was high variability in the variables adjusted for in these studies, and so the question still remains as to whether the association between PEs and self-harm/suicidality can be attributed (fully or in part) to confounding and mediating factors or directly causal mechanisms. Regardless of causality, the now extensive literature reporting an association between these two clinical phenomena supports the broad usefulness of PEs as an indicator of risk for SITB.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hielscher
- Centre for Clinical Research,Faculty of Medicine,The University of Queensland,Brisbane, QLD,Australia
| | - J E DeVylder
- Graduate School of Social Service,Fordham University,New York, NY,USA
| | - S Saha
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (QCMHR),The Park Centre for Mental Health,Brisbane, QLD,Australia
| | - M Connell
- Centre for Clinical Research,Faculty of Medicine,The University of Queensland,Brisbane, QLD,Australia
| | - J G Scott
- Centre for Clinical Research,Faculty of Medicine,The University of Queensland,Brisbane, QLD,Australia
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