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de Rooij SR. Are Brain and Cognitive Reserve Shaped by Early Life Circumstances? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:825811. [PMID: 35784851 PMCID: PMC9243389 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.825811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
When growing older, many people are faced with cognitive deterioration, which may even amount to a form of dementia at some point in time. Although neuropathological signs of dementia disorders can often be demonstrated in brains of patients, the degree to which clinical symptoms are present does mostly not accurately reflect the amount of neuropathology that is present. Sometimes existent pathology even goes without any obvious clinical presentation. An explanation for this phenomenon may be found in the concept of reserve capacity. Reserve capacity refers to the ability of the brain to effectively buffer changes that are associated with normal aging processes and to cope with pathological damage. A larger reserve capacity has been suggested to increase resilience against age-associated cognitive deterioration and dementia disorders. Traditionally, a division has been made between brain reserve, which is based on morphological characteristics of the brain, and cognitive reserve, which is based on functional characteristics of the brain. The present review discusses the premises that brain and cognitive reserve capacity are shaped by prenatal and early postnatal factors. Evidence is accumulating that circumstances during the first 1,000 days of life are of the utmost importance for the lifelong health of an individual. Cognitive deterioration and dementia disorders may also have their origin in early life and a potentially important pathway by which the early environment affects the risk for neurodegenerative diseases is by developmental programming of the reserve capacity of the brain. The basic idea behind developmental programming of brain and cognitive reserve is explained and an overview of studies that support this idea is presented. The review is concluded by a discussion of potential mechanisms, synthesis of the evidence and relevance and future directions in the field of developmental origins of reserve capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne R. de Rooij
- Epidemiology and Data Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Aging and Later Life, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Birth Weight was Favorably Associated With Physical Fitness in Childhood After Adjustment for Several Perinatal Factors. J Phys Act Health 2021; 19:12-19. [PMID: 34894629 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose was to examine the potential associations of birth weight and infant growth with physical fitness (PF) components in childhood. METHOD A random sample of 5125 dyads of children aged 8-9 years and their mothers were evaluated. Telephone interviews were carried out with the use of a standardized questionnaire for the collection of maternal lifestyle factors. Mothers were asked to provide information contained in their medical booklets and pregnancy ultrasound records. Data from 5 PF tests were used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness, speed, and body strength. Linear regression analysis was applied to assess the associations between birth weight and infant growth with PF test performances and logistic regression analysis to evaluate the associations of normal weight versus low birth weight and normal versus accelerated infant growth with PF tests performance categories (low vs high/average). RESULTS Birth weight was favorably associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (b = 0.12 stage increase per SD increase in birth weight, P = .047), lower body strength (b = 1.07, P = .037), upper body strength (b = 0.10, P = .038), and speed (b = -0.04, P = .001), and infant growth was associated with upper body strength (b = 0.21 cm increase per SD increase in infant weight gain, P < .001) after adjusting for children's body mass index and several perinatal factors. Low birth weight children had 35% increased odds for low performances in PF tests compared with their normal birth weight counterparts. CONCLUSION Low birth weight negatively affects childhood PF, and hence, it could play an unfavorable role in the future health of the offspring.
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Bernhardsen GP, Stensrud T, Nystad W, Ekelund U. Pre- and post-natal factors and physical activity in childhood: The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:2264-2274. [PMID: 32720380 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the possibility that pre- and post-natal factors may be non-linearly associated with later physical activity. We used data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study (MoBa) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN), including 48 672 children with available data on leisure time physical activity (LTPA) at child's age 7 years. Restricted cubic and linear splines or linear regression was used to examine the associations between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, birth weight for gestational age, and infant weight gain from birth to 1 year with LTPA (frequency/wk) in 7-year-old children. The results suggest no associations between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, birth weight, and infant weight gain on subsequent LTPA in girls. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and birth weight may be non-linearly associated with LTPA in 7-year-old boys. Infant weight gain (change in weight z-score from birth to 1 year) may be weakly linearly associated with LTPA in boys. Pre- and post-natal factors may therefore influence LTPA in childhood differently in boys and girls. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and birth weight are positively associated with LTPA at the lower ends of the maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and birth weight continuums in boys. The negative associations at the higher ends of the continuums and the positive association between infant weight gain and LTPA in boys may not be important and needs further replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trine Stensrud
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wenche Nystad
- Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Psychological and cognitive factors related to prehospital delay in acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 2020; 108:103613. [PMID: 32473396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In acute coronary syndrome the time elapsed between the start of symptoms and the moment the patient receives treatment is an important determinant of survival and subsequent recovery. However, many patients do not receive treatment as quickly as recommended, mostly due to substantial prehospital delays such as waiting to seek medical attention after symptoms have started. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis of the relationship between nine frequently investigated psychological and cognitive factors and prehospital delay. DESIGN A protocol was preregistered in PROSPERO [CRD42018094198] and a systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. DATA SOURCES The following databases were searched for quantitative articles published between 1997 and 2019: Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, Psych Info, PAIS, and Open grey. REVIEW METHODS Study risk of bias was assessed with the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational, Cohort, and Cross-Sectional Studies. A best evidence synthesis was performed to summarize the findings of the included studies. RESULTS Forty-eight articles, reporting on 57 studies from 23 countries met the inclusion criteria. Studies used very diverse definitions of prehospital delay and analytical practices, which precluded meta-analysis. The best evidence synthesis indicated that there was evidence that patients who attributed their symptoms to a cardiac event (n = 37), perceived symptoms as serious (n = 24), or felt anxiety in response to symptoms (n = 15) reported shorter prehospital delay, with effect sizes indicating important clinical differences (e.g., 1.5-2 h shorter prehospital delay). In contrast, there was limited evidence for a relationship between prehospital delay and knowledge of symptoms (n = 18), concern for troubling others (n = 18), fear (n = 17), or embarrassment in asking for help (n = 14). CONCLUSIONS The current review shows that symptom attribution to cardiac events and some degree of perceived threat are fundamental to speed up help-seeking. In contrast, social concerns and barriers in seeking medical attention (embarrassment or concern for troubling others) may not be as important as initially thought. The current review also shows that the use of very diverse methodological practices strongly limits the integration of evidence into meaningful recommendations. We conclude that there is urgent need for common guidelines for prehospital delay study design and reporting.
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Jones DW. One Doctor's Opinion on Why the US Obesity Pandemic Persists. Am J Med 2020; 133:401-403. [PMID: 32331572 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Jones
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson.
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6
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Collings PJ, Dogra SA, Costa S, Bingham DD, Barber SE. Objectively-measured sedentary time and physical activity in a bi-ethnic sample of young children: variation by socio-demographic, temporal and perinatal factors. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:109. [PMID: 31992249 PMCID: PMC6986109 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that South Asian school-aged children and adults are less active compared to the white British population. It is unknown if this generalises to young children. We aimed to describe variability in levels of physical activity and sedentary time in a bi-ethnic sample of young children from a deprived location. Methods This observational study included 202 South Asian and 140 white British children aged 1.5 to 5y, who provided 3181 valid days of triaxial accelerometry (Actigraph GT3X+). Variability in sedentary time and physical activity levels were analysed by linear multilevel modelling. Logistic multilevel regression was used to identify factors associated with physical inactivity (failing to perform ≥180 min of total physical activity including ≥60 min moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day). Results There were no significant ethnic differences in the overall levels of behaviours; South Asian and white British children spent half of daily time sedentary, just over 40% in light physical activity, and the remaining 7.5 to 8% of time in MVPA. Sedentary time was lower and physical activity levels were higher in older children, and levels of MVPA and vector magnitude counts per minute (CPM) were higher on weekends compared to weekdays. In South Asian children, sedentary time was lower on weekends. Sedentary time was lower and physical activity levels were higher in spring compared to winter in white British children, and in all seasons compared to winter in South Asian children. South Asian children born at high birth weight performed more MVPA, and in both ethnicities there was some evidence that children with older mothers were more sedentary and less active. Sedentary time was higher and light physical activity was lower in South Asian children in the highest compared to the lowest income families. South Asian girls performed less MVPA, registered fewer vector magnitude CPM, and were 3.5 times more likely to be physically inactive than South Asian boys. Conclusions Sedentary time and physical activity levels vary by socio-demographic, temporal and perinatal characteristics in young children from a deprived location. South Asian girls have the most to gain from efforts to increase physical activity levels. Trial registration The Pre-schoolers in the Playground (PiP) pilot randomized controlled trial is registered with the ISRCTN (ISRCTN54165860; http://www.isrctn.com).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK. .,Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
| | - Sufyan A Dogra
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Silvia Costa
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Daniel D Bingham
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Sally E Barber
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
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Low birth weight, a risk factor for diseases in later life, is a surrogate of insulin resistance at birth. J Hypertens 2019; 37:2123-2134. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Le Dréan G, Pocheron AL, Billard H, Grit I, Pagniez A, Parnet P, Chappuis E, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Michel C. Neonatal Consumption of Oligosaccharides Greatly Increases L-Cell Density without Significant Consequence for Adult Eating Behavior. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091967. [PMID: 31438620 PMCID: PMC6769936 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharides (OS) are commonly added to infant formulas, however, their physiological impact, particularly on adult health programming, is poorly described. In adult animals, OS modify microbiota and stimulate colonic fermentation and enteroendocrine cell (EEC) activity. Since neonatal changes in microbiota and/or EEC density could be long-lasting and EEC-derived peptides do regulate short-term food intake, we hypothesized that neonatal OS consumption could modulate early EECs, with possible consequences for adult eating behavior. Suckling rats were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), beta-galacto-oligosaccharides/inulin (GOS/In) mix, alpha-galacto-oligosaccharides (αGOS) at 3.2 g/kg, or a control solution (CTL) between postnatal day (PND) 5 and 14/15. Pups were either sacrificed at PND14/15 or weaned at PND21 onto standard chow. The effects on both microbiota and EEC were characterized at PND14/15, and eating behavior at adulthood. Very early OS supplementation drastically impacted the intestinal environment, endocrine lineage proliferation/differentiation particularly in the ileum, and the density of GLP-1 cells and production of satiety-related peptides (GLP-1 and PYY) in the neonatal period. However, it failed to induce any significant lasting changes on intestinal microbiota, enteropeptide secretion or eating behavior later in life. Overall, the results did not demonstrate any OS programming effect on satiety peptides secreted by L-cells or on food consumption, an observation which is a reassuring outlook from a human perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenola Le Dréan
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France.
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France.
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Anne-Lise Pocheron
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Hélène Billard
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Grit
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Anthony Pagniez
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Patricia Parnet
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Eric Chappuis
- Olygose, parc Technologique des Rives de l'Oise, F 60280 Venette, France
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, INSERM, UMR 1235, TENS, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Michel
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
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Portella AK, Paquet C, Bischoff AR, Molle RD, Faber A, Moore S, Arora N, Levitan R, Silveira PP, Dube L. Multi-behavioral obesogenic phenotypes among school-aged boys and girls along the birth weight continuum. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212290. [PMID: 30789933 PMCID: PMC6383887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that extremes of birth weight (BW) carry a common increased risk for the development of adiposity and related cardiovascular diseases, but little is known about the role of obesogenic behaviors in this process. Moreover, no one has empirically examined whether the relationship between BW, obesogenic behaviors and BMI along the full low-to-high birthweight continuum reflects the U-shape pattern expected from common risk at both BW extremes. Our objective was to characterize physical activity, screen time, and eating behavior and their relationship to BMI as a function of BW among school-aged boys and girls. In this cross-sectional study, 460 children aged 6 to 12 years (50% boys) from Montreal, Canada provided information on sleeping time, screen time, physical activity levels, eating behavior (emotional, external and restrained eating) and anthropometrics (height, weight, BW) through parent reported questionnaires. BMI was normalized using WHO Standards (zBMI), and BW expressed as ratio using Canadian population standards (BW for gestational age and sex). Analyses were conducted using generalized linear models with linear and quadratic terms for BW, stratified by sex and adjusted for age, ethnicity and household income. In boys, physical activity and screen time showed U-shaped associations with BW, while physical activity had an inverted U-shaped in girls. Emotional and restrained eating had positive linear relations with BW in boys and girls. Sleep time and external eating were not associated with BW. A U-shaped relationship between BW and zBMI was found in boys but no association was found in girls. Only sleep (in boys and girls), and emotional eating (girls only) were related to zBMI and mediation of the BW-zBMI relationship was only supported for emotional eating. In conclusion, BW relates to obesogenic behaviors and BMI in both non-linear and linear ways, and these associations differed by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Krumel Portella
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill Center for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PostGraduate Program in Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de Ciencias da Saude de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Catherine Paquet
- School of Health Sciences, Centre for Population Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Adrianne Rahde Bischoff
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roberta Dalle Molle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aida Faber
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill Center for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Spencer Moore
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | | | - Robert Levitan
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurette Dube
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill Center for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Singh AS, Saliasi E, van den Berg V, Uijtdewilligen L, de Groot RHM, Jolles J, Andersen LB, Bailey R, Chang YK, Diamond A, Ericsson I, Etnier JL, Fedewa AL, Hillman CH, McMorris T, Pesce C, Pühse U, Tomporowski PD, Chinapaw MJM. Effects of physical activity interventions on cognitive and academic performance in children and adolescents: a novel combination of a systematic review and recommendations from an expert panel. Br J Sports Med 2018; 53:640-647. [PMID: 30061304 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarise the current evidence on the effects of physical activity (PA) interventions on cognitive and academic performance in children, and formulate research priorities and recommendations. DESIGN Systematic review (following PRISMA guidelines) with a methodological quality assessment and an international expert panel. We based the evaluation of the consistency of the scientific evidence on the findings reported in studies rated as of high methodological quality. DATA SOURCES PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, ERIC, and SPORTDiscus. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES PA-intervention studies in children with at least one cognitive or academic performance assessment. RESULTS Eleven (19%) of 58 included intervention studies received a high-quality rating for methodological quality: four assessed effects of PA interventions on cognitive performance, six assessed effects on academic performance, and one on both. All high-quality studies contrasted the effects of additional/adapted PA activities with regular curriculum activities. For cognitive performance 10 of 21 (48%) constructs analysed showed statistically significant beneficial intervention effects of PA, while for academic performance, 15 of 25 (60%) analyses found a significant beneficial effect of PA. Across all five studies assessing PA effects on mathematics, beneficial effects were reported in six out of seven (86%) outcomes. Experts put forward 46 research questions. The most pressing research priority cluster concerned the causality of the relationship between PA and cognitive/academic performance. The remaining clusters pertained to PA characteristics, moderators and mechanisms governing the 'PA-performance' relationship and miscellaneous topics. CONCLUSION There is currently inconclusive evidence for the beneficial effects of PA interventions on cognitive and overall academic performance in children. We conclude that there is strong evidence for beneficial effects of PA on maths performance.The expert panel confirmed that more 'high-quality' research is warranted. By prioritising the most important research questions and formulating recommendations we aim to guide researchers in generating high-quality evidence. Our recommendations focus on adequate control groups and sample size, the use of valid and reliable measurement instruments for physical activity and cognitive performance, measurement of compliance and data analysis. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42017082505.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amika S Singh
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emi Saliasi
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vera van den Berg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Renate H M de Groot
- Welten Institute - Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Jolles
- Centre for Brain & Learning, Faculty of Psychology and Education, LEARN! Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Department of Teacher Education and Sport, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Richard Bailey
- International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Adele Diamond
- Program in Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ingegerd Ericsson
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Learning and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jennifer L Etnier
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alicia L Fedewa
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Terry McMorris
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute for Sport, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Caterina Pesce
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University Sport and Movement "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Mai J M Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Specht IO, Rohde JF, Olsen NJ, Heitmann BL. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding may be related to eating behaviour and dietary intake in obesity prone normal weight young children. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200388. [PMID: 29995949 PMCID: PMC6040730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants who are breastfed are introduced to a variety of flavours from the maternal milk, and thus the transition from maternal milk to complementary foods may be easier for these children. The aim of this study was to investigate if duration of exclusive breastfeeding was associated with pickiness or dietary intake of vegetables, fruit, starchy foods or sugar sweetened beverages among obesity prone normal weight children aged 2–6 years. This cohort study was based on data from the Healthy Start primary intervention study, the Danish Medical Birth registry and the Danish Health Visitor’s Child Health Database. Infant feeding was registered by health nurses while home-visiting the mother and child up to four times within the first year. Information on eating behaviour and diet intake at age 2–6 years was obtained by parents. Crude and adjusted logistic and general linear regression models were used to investigate associations. A total of 236 children had complete information on all variables. Data showed lower odds of picky eating behaviour when exclusively breastfed until age 4–5 months compared to exclusively breastfed for 0–1 months (OR = 0.35, 95CI = 0.16;0.76, p = 0.008). In the crude analysis only, exclusively breastfed until age 6–10 months was associated with a higher daily intake of vegetables (p = 0.04). This study suggests that exclusive breastfeeding duration seems to influence pickiness and may contribute to facilitate the consumption of more vegetables in later childhood in obesity prone normal weight children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Olmer Specht
- The Parker Institute, Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jeanett Friis Rohde
- The Parker Institute, Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nanna Julie Olsen
- The Parker Institute, Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- The Parker Institute, Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Public Health, Section for General Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Current Resources for Evidence-Based Practice, November/December 2017. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2017; 46:878-885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kopec G, Shekhawat PS, Mhanna MJ. Prevalence of diabetes and obesity in association with prematurity and growth restriction. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2017; 10:285-295. [PMID: 28740412 PMCID: PMC5505541 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is when fetuses and newborn infants have not reached their true growth potential as genetically defined. Fetuses with IUGR develop in a less than ideal environment that leads to epigenetic changes and marks infants' metabolism for the rest of their lives. Epigenetic changes affect insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels and lead to insulin resistance and ultimately to a metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of illnesses that raise one's risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and ischemic heart disease, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. The association between IUGR or prematurity and long-term insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome remains unclear. While studies have shown an association, others have not supported such association. If alteration of intrauterine growth can ultimately lead to the development of metabolic derangements in childhood and adulthood, and if such association is true, then early interventions targeting the health of pregnant women will ensure the health of the population to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Kopec
- Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Centre, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Prem S Shekhawat
- Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Centre, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maroun J Mhanna
- Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Centre, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Correspondence: Maroun J Mhanna, Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA, Tel +1 216 778 1346, Fax +1 216 778 4223, Email
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