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Shi L, Qiu L, Jiang Z, Xie Z, Dong M, Zhan Z. The influences of green light on locomotion, growth and reproduction in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4100-4112. [PMID: 37314193 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light stimulation at a specific wavelength triggers various responses in insects and can be used for pest control. To develop efficient and ecofriendly photophysical pest control methods, the effects of green light on locomotion, growth (molting and eclosion) and reproduction in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (BPH), a major rice pest, were studied. Transcriptomics and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the mechanisms involved. RESULTS BPH adults showed disrupted daily locomotion patterns following green light treatment at night and exhibited abnormal locomotion peaks. Total 6-day locomotion of brachypterous adults was significantly greater than in the control group. The durations of growth stages 1-4 were all shorter under green light treatment than in the control, whereas the time from fourth molting to eclosion (stage 5) was significantly longer. When BPH adults under green light treatment began laying eggs, the egg hatching ratio (36.69%) was significantly lower than in the control (47.49%). Moreover, in contrast to the control, BPH molting and eclosion events tended to happen more at night. Transcriptome analysis proved that green light significantly affected the expression of genes involved in cuticular proteins, chitin deacetylase and chitinase, which are related to cuticular development. TEM observations confirmed abnormal cuticular development in nymph and adult BPHs (endocuticle, exocuticle and pore canals) under green light treatment. CONCLUSION Green light treatment at night notably affected locomotion, growth and reproduction in BPH, thus providing a novel idea for controlling this pest. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqing Shi
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Liangmiao Qiu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhaowei Jiang
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Meng Dong
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiong Zhan
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, P. R. China
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Zhao Y, Song Q, Song Y. The role of insect intestinal microbes in controlling of Empoasca onukii Matsuda (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) pest infestations in the production of tea garden: a review. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:267. [PMID: 37351731 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Pests like the phytophagous bug Empoasca onukii Matsuda frequently harm tea plants. The harm this insect does to agricultural and environmentally sensitive places is extremely harmful since physical and chemical prevention and control are still the primary methods of handling it. Therefore, it is important to develop pest management strategies. Recent research has demonstrated that pathogenic fungus and the gut microbiota interact to induce host and death, and that the gut microbiota, which has a dramatic effect on the host, can engage in pest control. The advancement of genome editing technologies is also new to the field of pest management. The diversity, function, and research methodologies of insect gut microbiota are summarized in this work, and discusses E. onukii Matsuda control options as well as the importance of insect gut microbiome in pest management. In comparison to traditional pesticides and physical prevention and control, the interaction between pathogenic fungi represented by Beauveria bassiana and intestinal microorganisms, as well as their participation in pest management, causes physiological stress on the host, which meets the new requirements of modern agricultural green development and has a protective effect on habitat fragmentation areas (Karst region). Exploring additional harmful fungus for pest management and fully using the specific traits of insect gut microbiota to achieve "killing insects with bacteria" would be a promising technique from this standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqi Zhao
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Qingfa Song
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Yuehua Song
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, 550001, China.
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Qin H, Hong W, Qi Z, Hu Y, Shi R, Wang S, Wang Y, Zhou J, Mu D, Fu J, Sun T. A Temperature-Dependent Model for Tritrophic Interactions Involving Tea Plants, Tea Green Leafhoppers and Natural Enemies. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13080686. [PMID: 36005311 PMCID: PMC9409375 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tea green leaf hopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda, is a severe pest of tea plants. Volatile emissions from tea shoots infested by the tea green leafhopper may directly repel insect feeding or attract natural enemies. Many studies have been conducted on various aspects of the tritrophic relationship involving tea plants, tea green leafhoppers and natural enemies. However, mathematic models which could explain the dynamic mechanisms of this tritrophic interaction are still lacking. In the current work, we constructed a realistic and stochastic model with temperature-dependent features to characterize the tritrophic interactions in the tea agroecosystem. Model outputs showed that two leafhopper outbreaks occur in a year, with their features being consistent with field observations. Simulations showed that daily average effective accumulated temperature (EAT) might be an important metric for outbreak prediction. We also showed that application of slow-releasing semiochemicals, as either repellents or attractants, may be highly efficacious for pest biocontrol and can significantly increase tea yields. Furthermore, the start date of applying semiochemicals can be optimized to effectively increase tea yields. The current model qualitatively characterizes key features of the tritrophic interactions and provides critical insight into pest control in tea ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaguang Qin
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China; (H.Q.); (W.H.); (Z.Q.); (Y.H.); (R.S.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (D.M.)
| | - Wuxuan Hong
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China; (H.Q.); (W.H.); (Z.Q.); (Y.H.); (R.S.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (D.M.)
| | - Zehua Qi
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China; (H.Q.); (W.H.); (Z.Q.); (Y.H.); (R.S.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (D.M.)
| | - Yinghong Hu
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China; (H.Q.); (W.H.); (Z.Q.); (Y.H.); (R.S.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (D.M.)
| | - Rui Shi
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China; (H.Q.); (W.H.); (Z.Q.); (Y.H.); (R.S.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (D.M.)
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China; (H.Q.); (W.H.); (Z.Q.); (Y.H.); (R.S.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (D.M.)
| | - Yuxi Wang
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China; (H.Q.); (W.H.); (Z.Q.); (Y.H.); (R.S.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (D.M.)
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Wanxinan Products Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Anqing 246052, China;
| | - Dan Mu
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China; (H.Q.); (W.H.); (Z.Q.); (Y.H.); (R.S.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (D.M.)
| | - Jianyu Fu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Tingzhe Sun
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China; (H.Q.); (W.H.); (Z.Q.); (Y.H.); (R.S.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (T.S.)
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Chang Y, Xing Y, Dong Y, Li X, Lin S, Chen Y, Sun X. Biological evidences for successive oogenesis and egg-laying of Matsumurasca onukii. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263933. [PMID: 35176082 PMCID: PMC8853495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most important horticultural cash crops, and tea green leafhopper (Matsumurasca onukii) is an extremely harmful sap-sucking pest of tea plant. Serious generation overlapping, which is mainly caused by the long oviposition period, leads to poor control effect of pesticides on this pest in the tea plantation. But the intuitive evidences of continuous oogenesis and egg-laying of this pest are still lacking, which seriously hindered the development of genetic control methods. Here, we clarified the main structures of the inner reproductive system of tea green leafhopper female adult. Oviposition behaviors were monitored as well, and six oviposition steps were recorded. According to the maturity of oocytes, the maturity stages of the reproductive system under different copulation periods were classified into 4 stages. For female adults at stage IV, mature and immature oocytes were presented simultaneously, and the developmental levels of oocytes were asynchronous among different ovarioles. The proportion of gravid females with mature oocytes significantly increased when the continuous copulation time was prolonged. In sync with the development of the ovary maturity, female adults started to slightly deposit eggs at the 5th day, and then increased dramatically. In addition, we found that, whether mature or immature, oocytes in the ovarioles always emitted green fluorescence under blue light excitation, which in turn provide solid proof for the new egg detection method from the insect physiology point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Chang
- Tea Science Department, Henan Engineering Research Center of Tea Processing and Testing, Henan Key Laboratory of Tea-plants Comprehensive Utilization in Southern Henan Province, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxian Xing
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiwang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songbo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Tea Science Department, Henan Engineering Research Center of Tea Processing and Testing, Henan Key Laboratory of Tea-plants Comprehensive Utilization in Southern Henan Province, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan, China
- * E-mail: (YC); (XS)
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (YC); (XS)
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A Review on Transcriptional Responses of Interactions between Insect Vectors and Plant Viruses. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040693. [PMID: 35203347 PMCID: PMC8870222 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides a synopsis of transcriptional responses pertaining to interactions between plant viruses and the insect vectors that transmit them in diverse modes. In the process, it attempts to catalog differential gene expression pertinent to virus–vector interactions in vectors such as virus reception, virus cell entry, virus tissue tropism, virus multiplication, and vector immune responses. Whiteflies, leafhoppers, planthoppers, and thrips are the main insect groups reviewed, along with aphids and leaf beetles. Much of the focus on gene expression pertinent to vector–virus interactions has centered around whole-body RNA extraction, whereas data on virus-induced tissue-specific gene expression in vectors is limited. This review compares transcriptional responses in different insect groups following the acquisition of non-persistent, semi-persistent, and persistent (non-propagative and propagative) plant viruses and identifies parallels and divergences in gene expression patterns. Understanding virus-induced changes in vectors at a transcriptional level can aid in the identification of candidate genes for targeting with RNAi and/or CRISPR editing in insect vectors for management approaches.
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Doria HB, Caliendo C, Gerber S, Pfenninger M. Photoperiod is an important seasonal selection factor in Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Most organisms respond and can adapt to photoperiodic changes. This affects measurable end points like developmental time, survival and fertility. For ectotherms like Chironomus riparius, temperature is the most studied environmental cue regulating their life cycle, whereas photoperiodic influence is neglected. However, the developmental speed between summer and winter seasons of a field population could not be explained solely by temperature variations. Therefore, to have a comprehensive view on how photoperiods influence chironomid’s life cycle, we investigated if it plays a role in their development and if it acts as an important selective pressure on developmental time speed. To this end, first emerged C. riparius were artificially selected for seven generations. Pre-selected and unselected organisms could develop and breed independently under three light regimes: constant light (24:0 L:D), long days (16:8 L:D) and short days (8:16 L:D). Adult emergence, mean and median emergence time and fertility were integrated into the population growth rate to compare fitness. Our findings show that although developmental time is extended under short days, this same condition may exert a selective pressure towards a shorter development. Moreover, by also using photoperiodic clues to anticipate environmental changes, chironomids can potentially adapt to alterations in climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Binde Doria
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Georg-Voigt-Straße, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cosima Caliendo
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Gerber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Pfenninger
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Georg-Voigt-Straße, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Molecular and Organismic Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg, Mainz, Germany
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Are Yellow Sticky Cards and Light Traps Effective on Tea Green Leafhoppers and Their Predators in Chinese Tea Plantations? INSECTS 2020; 12:insects12010014. [PMID: 33383612 PMCID: PMC7823744 DOI: 10.3390/insects12010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Leafhoppers are serious insect pests in agriculture across the world. Both nymphs and adults suck the sap of plant shoots and leaves with their piercing–sucking mouthparts causing damage called “hopperburn”. The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii, is one of most damaging pests in tea plantations in Asia. In China, yellow sticky cards and light traps are increasingly used to control leafhoppers in tea plantations, especially the tea green leafhopper. Visually, several leafhoppers appear to be captured and killed, however, the real control efficiency and the damage to natural enemies remains unclear. In our study, a 16-week open field experiment with daily weather monitoring was designed to test the responses of tea green leafhopper, parasitoids and spiders to yellow sticky cards and light traps (cover with sticky cards) that used different light colours. An exclosure experiment was also designed to further test the influence of the three light systems (without sticky card) on the same groups of species. The results suggested that light, especially green and white, can be useful as a way to control leafhopper populations without affecting parasitoids and spiders too much. Abstract In Chinese tea plantations, yellow sticky cards and light traps are increasingly used to control insect pests, especially the tea green leafhopper Empoasca onukii. In this study, a 16-week open-field experiment with daily weather monitoring was designed to test the responses of tea green leafhopper, parasitoids and spiders to yellow sticky cards and three light traps with different wavelengths (covered with sticky cards). An exclosure experiment was also designed to further test the influence of the three light systems (without sticky card) on the same species. The results showed that all three light emitting diode (LED) light traps (white, green and yellow) and yellow sticky cards attracted many more E. onukii male adults than females during the course of the open field experiment, with less than 25% of trapped adults being females. Parasitoids and spiders were also attracted by these systems. Weather variables, especially rainfall, influenced the trapping efficiency. In the exclosure experiment, the population of leafhoppers in the yellow sticky card treatment did not decline significantly, but the number of spiders significantly decreased. The green and white light treatments without sticky cards showed a significant control of E. onukii and no obvious harm to spiders. These results suggest that yellow sticky cards and light traps have limited capacity to control tea green leafhoppers. However, light, especially green light, may be a promising population control measure for tea green leafhoppers, not as killing agents in the traps, but rather as a behavioral control system.
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Chen K, Huang MX, Shi QC, Xie X, Jin LH, Xu WM, Li XY. Screening of a potential leafhopper attractants and their applications in tea plantations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:858-865. [PMID: 31264923 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1633856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pheromones can be used as leafhopper attractants. However, commercial pheromone products, such as the Ingle lure, have certain limitations, including poor persistence in the field. In this study, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-ocimene, linalool, and geraniol were selected and behaviorally tested as potential leafhopper attractants. Y-tube olfactometer tests showed that the C2 formulation was more effective than other formulations. In tea field trials, the number of leafhoppers caught by sticky board traps baited with C2 lures was greater than that caught by treatment. The number of leafhoppers attracted by the C2 lures was greater than that attracted by the commercial Ingle lures. Additionally, the total amount of active C2 components on lures was greater than that of the active components on the lure after 14 days. Thus, the results indicated that the C2 formulation may attract leafhoppers and have a greater persistence than other formulations in tea field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao-Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Cai Shi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hong Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
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Liu JH, Sun CY, Long J, Guo JJ. Complete mitogenome of tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Anshun, Guizhou Province in China. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2017; 2:808-809. [PMID: 33473990 PMCID: PMC7799657 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2017.1398616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is one of the most serious pest insects in tea plantations in Asia. In this study, Mitogenome of this species was assembled with high coverage using Illumina sequencing data and the 15,167 bp length was acquired. The base composition is 38.1% for A, 11.2% for C, 10.5% for G, and 40.2% for T. The mitogenome includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The phylogeny showed that it is closely related to E. vitis with high bootstrap value supported. The complete mitogenome of E. onukii can provide essential DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Informative System and Resource Development and Utilization of Guizhou Province, School of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, China
| | - Cui-Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Insect Informative System and Resource Development and Utilization of Guizhou Province, School of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, China
| | - Ju Long
- Key Laboratory of Insect Informative System and Resource Development and Utilization of Guizhou Province, School of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, China
| | - Jian-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Insect Informative System and Resource Development and Utilization of Guizhou Province, School of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, China
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Behavioral responses to visual overstimulation in the cockroach Periplaneta americana L. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2017; 203:1007-1015. [PMID: 28884199 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-017-1210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the visual systems of insects, different types of photoreceptors contribute to specialized visual channels that mediate distinct functions and behaviors. Large compound eyes of Periplaneta americana contain photoreceptors of two spectral classes, broadband green-sensitive photoreceptors and narrow-band UV-sensitive photoreceptors. Here, we investigated how visual stimulation by UV and green light affects locomotor, resting, and grooming behaviors in P. americana under conditions when light avoidance is not possible. We show that green but not UV light stimulates locomotor activity, inducing paradoxical positive masking. Duration of resting and grooming decreased with increasing light intensity, consistent with development of behavioral stress in response to visual overstimulation. A reaction of full immobility is described under UV light and at higher intensities of green light, with relative periods of immobility and grooming strongly negatively correlated. Low-intensity UV was more effective than low-intensity green light in suppressing grooming and inducing immobility. Our results suggest that locomotor activity in P. americana is mainly regulated by green-sensitive photoreceptors, and that dim UV light can trigger behavioral immobility, whereas both wavelengths induce stress-like reactions at high intensities. Considering the intrinsic UV sensitivity of green-sensitive photoreceptors, the contrasting behavioral responses indicate antagonistic interactions between UV and green visual channels.
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