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Jafari S, Heydarian S, Lai R, Mehdizadeh Aghdam E, Molavi O. Silibinin induces immunogenic cell death in cancer cells and enhances the induced immunogenicity by chemotherapy. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 13:51-61. [PMID: 36816998 PMCID: PMC9923812 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.23698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Silibinin is a natural flavonoid compound known to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Despite silibinin's safety and efficacy as an anticancer drug, its effects on inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) are largely unknown. Herein, we have evaluated the stimulating effects of silibinin on ICD in cancer cells treated with silibinin alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Methods: The anticancer effect of silibinin, alone or in combination with doxorubicin or oxaliplatin (OXP), was assessed using the MTT assay. Compusyn software was used to analyze the combination therapy data. Western blotting was conducted to examine the level of STAT3 activity. Flow cytometry was used to analyze calreticulin (CRT) and apoptosis. The heat shock protein (HSP70), high mobility group box protein1 (HMGB1), and IL-12 levels were assessed by ELISA. Results: Compared to the negative control groups, silibinin induced ICD in CT26 and B16F10 cells and significantly enhanced the induction of this type of cell death by doxorubicin, and these changes were allied with substantial increases in the level of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) including CRT, HSP70, and HMGB1. Furthermore, conditioned media from cancer cells exposed to silibinin and doxorubicin was found to stimulate IL-12 secretion in dendritic cells (DCs), suggesting the link of this treatment with the induction of Th1 response. Silibinin did not augment the ICD response induced by OXP. Conclusion: Our findings showed that silibinin can induce ICD and it potentiates the induction of this type of cell death induced by chemotherapy in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Jafari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saba Heydarian
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Elnaz Mehdizadeh Aghdam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ommoleila Molavi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Corresponding author: Ommoleila Molavi,
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Meng H, Wei W, Li G, Fu M, Wang C, Hong S, Guan X, Bai Y, Feng Y, Zhou Y, Cao Q, Yuan F, He M, Zhang X, Wei S, Li Y, Guo H. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation signature of plasma zinc and their mediation roles in the association of zinc with lung cancer risk. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119563. [PMID: 35654255 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Essential trace element zinc is associated with decreased lung cancer risk, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate role of DNA methylation in zinc-lung cancer association. We conducted a case-cohort study within prospective Dongfeng-Tongji cohort, including 359 incident lung cancer cases and a randomly selected sub-cohort of 1399 participants. Epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) was used to examine association of plasma zinc with DNA methylation in peripheral blood. For the zinc-related CpGs, their mediation effects on zinc-lung cancer association were assessed; their diagnostic performance for lung cancer was testified in the case-cohort study and further validated in another 126 pairs of lung cancer case-control study. We identified 28 CpGs associated with plasma zinc at P < 1.0 × 10-5 and seven of them (cg07077080, cg01077808, cg17749033, cg15554270, cg26125625, cg10669424, and cg15409013 annotated to GSR, CALR3, SLC16A3, PHLPP2, SLC12A8, VGLL4, and ADAMTS16, respectively) were associated with incident risk of lung cancer. Moreover, the above seven CpGs were differently methylated between 126 pairs of lung cancer and adjacent normal lung tissues and had the same directions with EWAS of zinc. They could mediate a separate 7.05%∼22.65% and a joint 29.42% of zinc-lung cancer association. Compared to using traditional factors, addition of methylation risk score exerted improved discriminations for lung cancer both in case-cohort study [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.818 vs. 0.738] and in case-control study (AUC = 0.816 vs. 0.646). Our results provide new insights for the biological role of DNA methylation in the inverse association of zinc with incident lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Meng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guyanan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chenming Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiru Hong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yansen Bai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fangfang Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yangkai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Yang S, Sun IC, Hwang HS, Shim MK, Yoon HY, Kim K. Rediscovery of nanoparticle-based therapeutics: boosting immunogenic cell death for potential application in cancer immunotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3983-4001. [PMID: 33909000 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00397f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) occurring by chemical and physical stimuli has shown the potential to activate an adaptive immune response in the immune-competent living body through the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) into the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, limitations to the long-term immune responses and systemic toxicity of conventional ICD inducers have led to unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy in ICD-based cancer immunotherapy. Until now, various nanoparticle-based ICD-inducers have been developed to induce an antitumor immune response without severe toxicity, and to efficiently elicit an anticancer immune response against target cancer cells. In this review, we introduce a recent advance in the designs and applications of nanoparticle-based therapeutics to elicit ICD for effective cancer immunotherapy. In particular, combination strategies of nanoparticle-based ICD inducers with typical theranostic modalities are introduced intensively. Subsequently, we discuss the expected challenges and future direction of nanoparticle-based ICD inducers to provide strategies for boosting ICD in cancer immunotherapy. These versatile designs and applications of nanoparticle-based therapeutics for ICD can provide advantages to improve the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suah Yang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. and Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Sun
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sook Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. and Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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Hargadon KM. Strategies to Improve the Efficacy of Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy for Melanoma. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1594. [PMID: 29209327 PMCID: PMC5702020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer that frequently metastasizes to vital organs, where it is often difficult to treat with traditional therapies such as surgery and radiation. In such cases of metastatic disease, immunotherapy has emerged in recent years as an exciting treatment option for melanoma patients. Despite unprecedented successes with immune therapy in the clinic, many patients still experience disease relapse, and others fail to respond at all, thus highlighting the need to better understand factors that influence the efficacy of antitumor immune responses. At the heart of antitumor immunity are dendritic cells (DCs), an innate population of cells that function as critical regulators of immune tolerance and activation. As such, DCs have the potential to serve as important targets and delivery agents of cancer immunotherapies. Even immunotherapies that do not directly target or employ DCs, such as checkpoint blockade therapy and adoptive cell transfer therapy, are likely to rely on DCs that shape the quality of therapy-associated antitumor immunity. Therefore, understanding factors that regulate the function of tumor-associated DCs is critical for optimizing both current and future immunotherapeutic strategies for treating melanoma. To this end, this review focuses on advances in our understanding of DC function in the context of melanoma, with particular emphasis on (1) the role of immunogenic cell death in eliciting tumor-associated DC activation, (2) immunosuppression of DC function by melanoma-associated factors in the tumor microenvironment, (3) metabolic constraints on the activation of tumor-associated DCs, and (4) the role of the microbiome in shaping the immunogenicity of DCs and the overall quality of anti-melanoma immune responses they mediate. Additionally, this review highlights novel DC-based immunotherapies for melanoma that are emerging from recent progress in each of these areas of investigation, and it discusses current issues and questions that will need to be addressed in future studies aimed at optimizing the function of melanoma-associated DCs and the antitumor immune responses they direct against this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian M. Hargadon
- Hargadon Laboratory, Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, United States
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