1
|
Lauenroth D, Gokhale CS. Theoretical assessment of persistence and adaptation in weeds with complex life cycles. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1267-1279. [PMID: 37537400 PMCID: PMC10435386 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide-resistant weeds pose a substantial threat to global food security. Perennial weed species are particularly troublesome. Such perennials as Sorghum halepense spread quickly and are difficult to manage due to their ability to reproduce sexually via seeds and asexually through rhizomes. Our theoretical study of S. halepense incorporates this complex life cycle with control measures of herbicide application and tillage. Rooted in the biology and experimental data of S. halepense, our population-based model predicts population dynamics and target-site resistance evolution in this perennial weed. We found that the resistance cost determines the standing genetic variation for herbicide resistance. The sexual phase of the life cycle, including self-pollination and seed bank dynamics, contributes substantially to the persistence and rapid adaptation of S. halepense. While self-pollination accelerates target-site resistance evolution, seed banks considerably increase the probability of escape from control strategies and maintain genetic variation. Combining tillage and herbicide application effectively reduces weed densities and the risk of control failure without delaying resistance adaptation. We also show how mixtures of different herbicide classes are superior to rotations and mono-treatment in controlling perennial weeds and resistance evolution. Thus, by integrating experimental data and agronomic views, our theoretical study synergistically contributes to understanding and tackling the global threat to food security from resistant weeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Lauenroth
- Research Group for Theoretical Models of Eco-evolutionary Dynamics, Department Theoretical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.
| | - Chaitanya S Gokhale
- Research Group for Theoretical Models of Eco-evolutionary Dynamics, Department Theoretical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chieppa J, Power SA, Nielsen UN, Tissue DT. Plant functional traits affect competitive vigor of pasture grasses during drought and following recovery. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Chieppa
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus Western Sydney University Richmond New South Wales Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Sally A. Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus Western Sydney University Richmond New South Wales Australia
| | - Uffe N. Nielsen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus Western Sydney University Richmond New South Wales Australia
| | - David T. Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus Western Sydney University Richmond New South Wales Australia
- Global Centre for Land‐based Innovation Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus Richmond New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oliveira ACC, Forti VA, Viani RAG. Fertility responses of a native grass: technology supporting native plant production for restoration in Brazil. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. C. Oliveira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” Universidade de São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Victor A. Forti
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias Universidade Federal de São Carlos São Carlos Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. G. Viani
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias Universidade Federal de São Carlos São Carlos Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lakoba VT, Welbaum GE, Seiler JR, Barney JN. A perennial invader’s seed and rhizome differ in cold tolerance and apparent local adaptation. NEOBIOTA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.70.64614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Extreme cold plays a key role in the range boundaries of plants. Winter survival is central to their persistence, but not all structures are equally susceptible to frost kill and, therefore, limiting to distributions. Furthermore, we expect intraspecific variation in cold tolerance both within and among tissue types. In a laboratory setting, we determined freezing tolerances of two overwintering propagule types – seeds and rhizomes – of the globally invasive Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), testing apparent emergence and electrolyte leakage as a proxy for cell death. We used 18 genotypes from agricultural and non-agricultural habitats spanning the climatic extremes occupied by Johnsongrass in the US. Single node rhizome fragments had an average LT90 of -5.1 °C with no significant variation based on home climate or ecotype. Seeds frozen at -85 °C suffered a decline in germinability to 10% from 25% at 22 °C. Population origin did not affect seed response to any temperature. However, non-agricultural seeds germinated more and faster than agricultural seeds from the coldest climates, with a reversed relationship among warmest origin seeds. Regardless of ecotype, seeds from the cold/dry and wet/warm sectors of Johnsongrass’s range germinated more and faster. Drastic differences in cold tolerance between seeds and rhizome and evidence for seeds’ local adaptation to land use and climate suggest that its spread is likely limited by winter rhizome survival, as well as adaptability of germination behavior to longer winters. These findings shed light on Johnsongrass’ dispersal dynamics and help identify future avenues for mechanistically understanding its range limitation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lakoba VT, Barney JN. Home climate and habitat drive ecotypic stress response differences in an invasive grass. AOB PLANTS 2020; 12:plaa062. [PMID: 33408848 PMCID: PMC7770431 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plants and agricultural weeds are a ubiquitous and ever-expanding threat to biosecurity, biodiversity and ecosystem services. Many of these species are known to succeed through rapid adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress regimes, often in highly disturbed systems. Given the current state of evidence for selection of weedy genotypes via primary physiological stresses like drought, flooding, heat, cold and nutrient deficiency, we posit that adaptation to land management regimes which comprise suites of these stresses can also be expected. To establish this link, we tested adaptation to water and nutrient stresses in five non-agricultural and five agricultural populations of the invader Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) sampled across a broad range of climates in the USA. We subjected seedlings from each population to factorial drought and nutrient stresses in a common garden greenhouse experiment. Agricultural and non-agricultural ecotypes did not respond differently to experimentally applied stresses. However, non-agricultural populations from more drought-prone and nutrient-poor locations outperformed their agricultural counterparts in shoot allocation and chlorophyll production, respectively. We also found evidence for root allocation adaptation to hotter climates, in line with other C4 grasses, while greater adaptation to drought treatment was associated with soil organic carbon (SOC)-rich habitats. These findings imply that adaptation to land-use types can interact with other macrohabitat parameters, which will be fluctuating in a changing climate and resource-needy world. We see that invasive plants are poised to take on novel habitats within their introduced ranges, leading to complications in the prevention and management of their spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy T Lakoba
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jacob N Barney
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Garbowski M, Avera B, Bertram JH, Courkamp JS, Gray J, Hein KM, Lawrence R, McIntosh M, McClelland S, Post AK, Slette IJ, Winkler DE, Brown CS. Getting to the root of restoration: considering root traits for improved restoration outcomes under drought and competition. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Garbowski
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
- Department of Agricultural Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
| | - Bethany Avera
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
| | - Jonathan H Bertram
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
- Department of Agricultural Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
| | - Jacob S Courkamp
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
| | - Jesse Gray
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
| | - Kirsten M Hein
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
- Department of Agricultural Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
| | - Ryan Lawrence
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
| | - Mariah McIntosh
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT U.S.A
| | - Shelby McClelland
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
| | - Alison K Post
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
| | - Ingrid J Slette
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
| | - Daniel E Winkler
- U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center Moab UT U.S.A
| | - Cynthia S Brown
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
- Department of Agricultural Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
AbstractAmong the weedy plant species, Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) is one of the most destructive. Johnsongrass has invaded new habitats beyond its native Eurasian origin by outcompeting native flora and cultivated crops. The Johnsongrass habitat is expanding continuously due to clonal and self-pollinating reproduction strategy, accelerated growth and the progressing climate change. As a result, Johnsongrass has reduced native plant diversity in grasslands and inflicted economic damage to agriculture on every continent. Johnsongrass is a growing threat to crop production, as it serves as a refuge for a variety of agricultural pests and plant viral diseases. Over the past decades, herbicides extensively applied to control Johnsongrass have boosted selection pressure, resulting in the independent evolution of herbicide-resistant ecotypes across multiple locations. The apparent threat to native flora and agriculture caused by the invasive Johnsongrass is a subject to a long and ongoing research. This review provides a historical and research overview on Johnsongrass expansion, its current as well future impact particularly on North American and European grasslands and agriculture.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kelly S, Fletcher RA, Barney JN. Intraspecific, ecotypic and home climate variation in photosynthetic traits of the widespread invasive grass Johnsongrass. AOB PLANTS 2020; 12:plaa015. [PMID: 32549973 PMCID: PMC7291798 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite their near ubiquity across global ecosystems, the underlying mechanisms contributing to the success of invasive plants remain largely unknown. In particular, ecophysiological traits, which are fundamental to plants' performance and response to their environment, are poorly understood with respect to geographic and climate space. We evaluated photosynthetic trait variation among populations, ecotypes and home climates (i.e. the climates from the locations they were collected) of the widespread and expanding invader Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). We found that populations vary in the maximum net photosynthetic flux and the light-saturated net photosynthetic rate, and that agricultural and non-agricultural ecotypes vary in apparent quantum yield and water-use efficiency (WUE). We also found that populations from warmer home climates had lower dark respiration rates, light compensation points and WUEs. As Johnsongrass expands across the USA the abiotic and biotic environments are driving variation in its genetics, phenotypes and its underlying physiology. Our study demonstrates the importance of evaluating physiological traits in invasive plants, especially as they relate to home climates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannen Kelly
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Fletcher
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jacob N Barney
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin ZH, Wu CH, Ho CK. Warming neutralizes host-specific competitive advantages between a native and invasive herbivore. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11130. [PMID: 30042428 PMCID: PMC6057923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although native-invasive species interactions have become a common mechanism shaping ecosystems, whether these interactions shift under warming remains unclear. To investigate how warming may affect native and invasive species separately and together (intraspecific and interspecific competition, respectively) and whether any warming impact is resource dependent, we examined the performance of two competing herbivores (native Pieris canidia and invasive P. rapae) on two common host plants under three temperature settings (control, 3 °C, and 6 °C warming using environmental chambers). The results revealed that warming benefited the development and growth of both Pieris under intraspecific competition, but the benefits were host-plant dependent. Notably, the native or invasive Pieris gained an advantage from interspecific competition (host-plant dependent), but warming neutralized the competitive advantages of either Pieris species. These findings raise the possibility that warming-induced shifts in competitive status may become a crucial mechanism shaping ecosystems worldwide, because most ecosystems are challenged by species invasion and warming. Moreover, this study revealed a discrepancy in species thermal performance between intra- and interspecific competition. Therefore, to predict native-invasive species competition under warming, current thermal performance applications should use species performance curves derived from interspecific rather than intraspecific competition studies (although the latter is more readily available).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hong Lin
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Huey Wu
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chuan-Kai Ho
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|