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Ma G, Chong W, Qi Y, Lu Z, Zhang Z, Nian B, Hu Y. Can vitamin E ester derivatives be excellent alternatives of vitamin E: state of art. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:1695-1709. [PMID: 37555945 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E (VE) is a natural antioxidant which is widely used in the food fields, while the shortcomings of easy oxidative inactivation and poor water solubility limit its application. Vitamin E esters' (VEEs) derivatives, such as vitamin E acetate (VEA), are more stable and easier to be absorbed while have similar biological activities and physiological functions compared with VE. In this systematic review, the digestion, absorption and physiological function of VEEs were summarized. To promote their further industrial applications, the synthesis strategies of VEEs were also summarized in-depth. In particular, as a new generation of green solvents, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely used in enzymatic reactions due to the stabilization and activation of enzymes. Their applications in enzymatic synthesis of VEEs were summarized and discussed. Finally, several future perspectives for developing more efficiency strategies of VEEs synthesis, such as enzyme engineering and design of novel ILs, were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenya Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Bassareo PP, D’Alto M. Metabolomics in Pulmonary Hypertension-A Useful Tool to Provide Insights into the Dark Side of a Tricky Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13227. [PMID: 37686034 PMCID: PMC10487467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a multifaceted illness causing clinical manifestations like dyspnea, fatigue, and cyanosis. If left untreated, it often evolves into irreversible pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), leading to death. Metabolomics is a laboratory technique capable of providing insights into the metabolic pathways that are responsible for a number of physiologic or pathologic events through the analysis of a biological fluid (such as blood, urine, and sputum) using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy or mass spectrometry. A systematic review was finalized according to the PRISMA scheme, with the goal of providing an overview of the research papers released up to now on the application of metabolomics to PH/PAH. So, eighty-five papers were identified, of which twenty-four concerning PH, and sixty-one regarding PAH. We found that, from a metabolic standpoint, the hallmarks of the disease onset and progression are an increase in glycolysis and impaired mitochondrial respiration. Oxidation is exacerbated as well. Specific metabolic fingerprints allow the characterization of some of the specific PH and PAH subtypes. Overall, metabolomics provides insights into the biological processes happening in the body of a subject suffering from PH/PAH. The disarranged metabolic pathways underpinning the disease may be the target of new therapeutic agents. Metabolomics will allow investigators to make a step forward towards personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Bassareo
- Mater Misercordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
- Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, D12 N512 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michele D’Alto
- Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Dipartimento di Cardiologia, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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3
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Müller M, Donhauser E, Maske T, Bischof C, Dumitrescu D, Rudolph V, Klinke A. Mitochondrial Integrity Is Critical in Right Heart Failure Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11108. [PMID: 37446287 PMCID: PMC10342493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular processes underlying right ventricular (RV) dysfunction (RVD) and right heart failure (RHF) need to be understood to develop tailored therapies for the abatement of mortality of a growing patient population. Today, the armament to combat RHF is poor, despite the advancing identification of pathomechanistic processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction implying diminished energy yield, the enhanced release of reactive oxygen species, and inefficient substrate metabolism emerges as a potentially significant cardiomyocyte subcellular protagonist in RHF development. Dependent on the course of the disease, mitochondrial biogenesis, substrate utilization, redox balance, and oxidative phosphorylation are affected. The objective of this review is to comprehensively analyze the current knowledge on mitochondrial dysregulation in preclinical and clinical RVD and RHF and to decipher the relationship between mitochondrial processes and the functional aspects of the right ventricle (RV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Müller
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Elfi Donhauser
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Tibor Maske
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Bischof
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Daniel Dumitrescu
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Volker Rudolph
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Anna Klinke
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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4
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Türck P, Salvador IS, Campos-Carraro C, Ortiz V, Bahr A, Andrades M, Belló-Klein A, da Rosa Araujo AS. Blueberry extract improves redox balance and functional parameters in the right ventricle from rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:373-386. [PMID: 34374852 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricle (RV) failure. In this context, oxidative stress is an essential element contributing to PAH's pathophysiology. Thus, blueberry (BB), which has a high antioxidant capacity, emerges as a natural therapeutic approach in PAH. This work evaluated the effect of BB extract on redox balance in RV in a PAH's animal model. METHODS Male Wistar rats (200 ± 20 g) (n = 72) were randomized into eight groups: control (CTR); monocrotaline (MCT); CTR and MCT treated at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BB. PAH was induced by administration of MCT (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Rats were treated with BB orally for 5 weeks (2 weeks before monocrotaline and 3 weeks after monocrotaline injection). On day 35, rats were submitted to echocardiography and catheterization, then euthanasia and RV harvesting for biochemical analyses. RESULTS RV hypertrophy, observed in the MCT groups, was reduced with BB treatment. MCT elevated RV systolic pressure and pressure/time derivatives, while the intervention with BB decreased these parameters. PAH decreased RV output and pulmonary artery outflow acceleration/ejection time ratio, while increased RV diameters, parameters restored by BB treatment. Animals from the MCT group showed elevated lipid peroxidation and NADPH oxidase activity, outcomes attenuated in animals treated with BB, which also led to increased catalase activity. CONCLUSION Treatment with BB partially mitigated PAH, which could be associated with improvement of RV redox state. Such findings constitute an advance in the investigation of the role of BB extract in chronic progressive cardiovascular diseases that involve the redox balance, such as PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Türck
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Isadora Schein Salvador
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina Campos-Carraro
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Ortiz
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alan Bahr
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Michael Andrades
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alex Sander da Rosa Araujo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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5
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Liu D, Qin S, Su D, Wang K, Huang Y, Huang Y, Pang Y. Metabolic Reprogramming of the Right Ventricle and Pulmonary Arteries in a Flow-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Rat Model. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1273-1287. [PMID: 35036789 PMCID: PMC8757344 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex devastating disease relevant to remarkable metabolic dysregulation. Although various research studies on PAH from a metabolic perspective have been emerging, pathogenesis of PAH varies in different categories. Research on metabolic reprogramming in flow-associated PAH remains insufficient. An untargeted metabolomic profiling platform was used to evaluate the metabolic profile of pulmonary arteries (PAs) as well as the right ventricle (RV) in a flow-associated PAH rat model in the present work. A total of 79 PAs and 128 RV metabolites were significantly altered in PAH rats, among which 39 metabolites were assessed as shared dysregulated metabolites in PAs and the RV. Pathway analysis elucidated that, in PAs of PAH rats, pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism were significantly altered, while in the RV, arginine biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism were altered dramatically. Further integrated analysis of shared dysregulated PA and RV metabolites demonstrated that the linoleic acid metabolism and the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism were the key pathways involved in the pathogenesis of flow-associated PAH. Results obtained from the present work indicate that the PAH pathogenesis could be mediated by widespread metabolic reprogramming. In particular, the dysregulation of AA metabolism may considerably contribute to the development of high blood flow-associated PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Liu
- Department
of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Suyuan Qin
- Department
of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Danyan Su
- Department
of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department
of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Department
of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Yanyun Huang
- Department
of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yuqin Huang
- Department
of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yusheng Pang
- Department
of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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6
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Wang ZB, Jiang SL, Liu SB, Peng JB, Hu S, Wang X, Zhuo W, Liu T, Guo JW, Zhou HH, Yang ZQ, Mao XY, Liu ZQ. Metabolomics of Artichoke Bud Extract in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:18610-18622. [PMID: 34337201 PMCID: PMC8319930 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension adversely affects the quality of life in humans across modern society. Studies have attributed increased reactive oxygen species production to the pathophysiology of hypertension. So far, a specific drug to control the disease perfectly has not been developed. However, artichoke, an edible vegetable, plays an essential role in treating many diseases due to its potent antioxidant activities. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of artichoke bud extract (ABE) on heart tissue metabolomics of hypertensive rats. Spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were divided into six groups, then exposed to different doses comprising ABE, Enalapril Maleate, or 1% carboxylmethyl cellulose for 4 weeks. Their blood pressures were recorded at 0, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after the start of the test period. Thereafter, all rats were anesthetized, and blood was collected from their cardiac apexes. Then, we measured the levels for 15 kinds of serum biochemical parameters. An established orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis model completed the metabolomic analysis. Hypertensive rats in the ABE group exhibited well-controlled blood pressure, relative to those in the model group. Specifically, artichoke significantly lowered serum levels for total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and uric acid (UA) in the hypertensive rats. This effect involved the action of eight metabolites, including guanine, 1-methylnicotinamide, p-aminobenzoic acid, NAD, NADH, uridine 5'-monophosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and methylmalonic acid. Collectively, these findings suggest that ABE may play a role in affecting oxidative stress and purine, nicotinate, and nicotinamide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Wang
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics,
and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya
Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied
Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Long Jiang
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics,
and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya
Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied
Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Bo Liu
- Department
of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South
University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Bo Peng
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics,
and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya
Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied
Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Hu
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology
of National Health Commission, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics,
and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya
Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied
Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhuo
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics,
and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya
Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied
Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics,
and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya
Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied
Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Wei Guo
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics,
and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya
Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied
Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics,
and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya
Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied
Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Quan Yang
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central
South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- . Phone: +86 731 89753845. Fax: +86 731 82354476
| | - Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics,
and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya
Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied
Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics,
and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya
Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied
Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
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7
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Toxicity studies of Aspergillus fumigatus administered by inhalation to B6C3F1/N mice. TOXICITY REPORT SERIES 2021:NTP-TOX-100. [PMID: 34283822 DOI: 10.22427/ntp-tox-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a thermotolerant, soil-borne fungal species that is ubiquitous in the environment. Mold was nominated to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) by a private individual due to suspected adverse health effects associated with personal exposure in indoor and occupational settings. A. fumigatus is of particular concern in the biowaste industry as the species can contaminate self-heating compost piles. Because of this potential for personal and occupational exposure and the lack of available toxicity data, toxicity studies were conducted in which male and female B6C3F1/N mice were exposed to A. fumigatus conidia (spores) two times a week for 3 months. All in-life procedures, including inhalation exposure, test article preparation, and hematology analysis, were completed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, Morgantown, WV). Battelle (Columbus, OH) conducted terminal necropsies, measured terminal body and organ weights, and evaluated gross lesions on-site at NIOSH. Tissue processing and histopathology were completed at Battelle. Grocott's methenamine silver (GMS) staining was performed at NIOSH. Genetic toxicology studies on mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes were conducted by Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC (Research Triangle Park, NC). (Abstract Abridged).
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8
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Petrova B, Warren A, Vital NY, Culhane AJ, Maynard AG, Wong A, Kanarek N. Redox Metabolism Measurement in Mammalian Cells and Tissues by LC-MS. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050313. [PMID: 34068241 PMCID: PMC8153172 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular redox state is highly dynamic and delicately balanced between constant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and neutralization by endogenous antioxidants, such as glutathione. Physiologic ROS levels can function as signal transduction messengers, while high levels of ROS can react with and damage various molecules eliciting cellular toxicity. The redox state is reflective of the cell’s metabolic status and can inform on regulated cell-state transitions or various pathologies including aging and cancer. Therefore, methods that enable reliable, quantitative readout of the cellular redox state are imperative for scientists from multiple fields. Liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS) based methods to detect small molecules that reflect the redox balance in the cell such as glutathione, NADH, and NADPH, have been developed and applied successfully, but because redox metabolites are very labile, these methods are not easily standardized or consolidated. Here, we report a robust LC-MS method for the simultaneous detection of several redox-reactive metabolites that is compatible with parallel global metabolic profiling in mammalian cells. We performed a comprehensive comparison between three commercial hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) columns, and we describe the application of our method in mammalian cells and tissues. The presented method is easily applicable and will enable the study of ROS function and oxidative stress in mammalian cells by researchers from various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boryana Petrova
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.P.); (A.W.); (N.Y.V.); (A.J.C.); (A.G.M.); (A.W.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Warren
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.P.); (A.W.); (N.Y.V.); (A.J.C.); (A.G.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Nuria Yulia Vital
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.P.); (A.W.); (N.Y.V.); (A.J.C.); (A.G.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Andrew J. Culhane
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.P.); (A.W.); (N.Y.V.); (A.J.C.); (A.G.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Adam G. Maynard
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.P.); (A.W.); (N.Y.V.); (A.J.C.); (A.G.M.); (A.W.)
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan Wong
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.P.); (A.W.); (N.Y.V.); (A.J.C.); (A.G.M.); (A.W.)
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Naama Kanarek
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.P.); (A.W.); (N.Y.V.); (A.J.C.); (A.G.M.); (A.W.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-919-7352
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9
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Gorelova A, Berman M, Al Ghouleh I. Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:891-914. [PMID: 32746619 PMCID: PMC8035923 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a process that encompasses extensive transcriptional reprogramming of activated endothelial cells leading to a shift toward mesenchymal cellular phenotypes and functional responses. Initially observed in the context of embryonic development, in the last few decades EndMT is increasingly recognized as a process that contributes to a variety of pathologies in the adult organism. Within the settings of cardiovascular biology, EndMT plays a role in various diseases, including atherosclerosis, heart valvular disease, cardiac fibrosis, and myocardial infarction. EndMT is also being progressively implicated in development and progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This review covers the current knowledge about EndMT in PH and PAH, and provides comprehensive overview of seminal discoveries. Topics covered include evidence linking EndMT to factors associated with PAH development, including hypoxia responses, inflammation, dysregulation of bone-morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2), and redox signaling. This review amalgamates these discoveries into potential insights for the identification of underlying mechanisms driving EndMT in PH and PAH, and discusses future directions for EndMT-based therapeutic strategies in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Gorelova
- Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mariah Berman
- Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Imad Al Ghouleh
- Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Swietlik EM, Ghataorhe P, Zalewska KI, Wharton J, Howard LS, Taboada D, Cannon JE, Morrell NW, Wilkins MR, Toshner M, Pepke-Zaba J, Rhodes CJ. Plasma metabolomics exhibit response to therapy in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2020; 57:13993003.03201-2020. [PMID: 33060150 PMCID: PMC8012591 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03201-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a condition with limited effective treatment options. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a notable exception, with pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) often proving curative. This study investigated the plasma metabolome of CTEPH patients, estimated reversibility to an effective treatment and explored the source of metabolic perturbations.We performed untargeted analysis of plasma metabolites in CTEPH patients compared to healthy controls and disease comparators. Changes in metabolic profile were evaluated in response to PEA. A subset of patients were sampled at three anatomical locations and plasma metabolite gradients calculated.We defined and validated altered plasma metabolite profiles in patients with CTEPH. 12 metabolites were confirmed by receiver operating characteristic analysis to distinguish CTEPH and both healthy (area under the curve (AUC) 0.64-0.94, all p<2×10-5) and disease controls (AUC 0.58-0.77, all p<0.05). Many of the metabolic changes were notably similar to those observed in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Only five metabolites (5-methylthioadenosine, N1-methyladenosine, N1-methylinosine, 7-methylguanine, N-formylmethionine) distinguished CTEPH from chronic thromboembolic disease or IPAH. Significant corrections (15-100% of perturbation) in response to PEA were observed in some, but not all metabolites. Anatomical sampling identified 188 plasma metabolites, with significant gradients in tryptophan, sphingomyelin, methionine and Krebs cycle metabolites. In addition, metabolites associated with CTEPH and gradients showed significant associations with clinical measures of disease severity.We identified a specific metabolic profile that distinguishes CTEPH from controls and disease comparators, despite the observation that most metabolic changes were common to both CTEPH and IPAH patients. Plasma metabolite gradients implicate cardiopulmonary tissue metabolism of metabolites associated with pulmonary hypertension and metabolites that respond to PEA surgery could be a suitable noninvasive marker for evaluating future targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M Swietlik
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pavandeep Ghataorhe
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kasia I Zalewska
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Respiratory Unit, University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff, UK
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Luke S Howard
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and NHLI, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dolores Taboada
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - John E Cannon
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Toshner
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanna Pepke-Zaba
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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11
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Shults NV, Kanovka SS, Ten Eyck JE, Rybka V, Suzuki YJ. Ultrastructural Changes of the Right Ventricular Myocytes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011227. [PMID: 30807241 PMCID: PMC6474942 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH ) is a serious disease without cure. Elevated pulmonary vascular resistance puts strain on the right ventricle ( RV ) and patients die of RV failure. Subjecting Sprague-Dawley rats to SU 5416 injection and hypoxia promotes severe PAH with pulmonary vascular lesions similar to human disease and has been well utilized to investigate pulmonary vascular pathology. However, despite exhibiting severe RV fibrosis, these rats do not die. Recently, subjecting Fischer ( CDF ) rats to the same treatment to promote PAH was found to result in mortality. Thus, the present study performed detailed morphological characterizations of Fischer rats with PAH . Methods and Results Rats were subjected to SU 5416 injection and hypoxia for 3 weeks, followed by maintenance in normoxia. More than 90% of animals died within 6 weeks of the SU 5416 injection. Necropsy revealed the accumulation of fluid in the chest cavity, right ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation, hepatomegaly, and other indications of congestive heart failure. Time course studies demonstrated the progressive thickening of pulmonary arteries with the formation of concentric lamellae and plexiform lesions as well as RV fibrosis in PAH rats. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the destruction of the myofilaments, T-tubules, and sarcoplasmic reticulum. RV mitochondrial damage and fission were found in Fischer rats, but not in Sprague-Dawley rats, with PAH . Conclusions These results suggest that the destruction of RV mitochondria plays a role in the mechanism of PAH -induced death. The SU 5416/hypoxia model in Fischer rats should be useful for further investigating the mechanism of RV failure and finding effective therapeutic agents to increase the survival of PAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia V Shults
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC
| | - Sergey S Kanovka
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC
| | - Jennifer E Ten Eyck
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC
| | - Vladyslava Rybka
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC
| | - Yuichiro J Suzuki
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC
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12
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Ye W, Guo H, Xu J, Cai S, He Y, Shui X, Huang S, Luo H, Lei W. Heart‑lung crosstalk in pulmonary arterial hypertension following myocardial infarction (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:913-924. [PMID: 32582962 PMCID: PMC7388838 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Left heart disease is the main cause of clinical pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Common types of left heart disease that result in PAH include heart failure, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and valvular disease. It is currently believed that mechanical pressure caused by high pulmonary venous pressure is the main cause of myocardial infarction (MI) in individuals with ischemic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. In the presence of decreased cardiac function, vascular remodeling of pulmonary vessels in response to long-term stimulation by high pressure in turn leads to exacerbation of PAH. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear. Elucidating the association between the development of MI and PAH may lead to a better understanding of potential risk factors and better disease treatment. In this article, the pathophysiological effects of multiple systems in individuals with MI and PAH were reviewed in order to provide a general perspective on various potential interactions between cardiomyocytes and pulmonary vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Ye
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Haixu Guo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Jinrong Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Shuyun Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Yuan He
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Shui
- Laboratory of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Shian Huang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Luo
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory‑Zhanjiang, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lei
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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13
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Taverne YJHJ, Sadeghi A, Bartelds B, Bogers AJJC, Merkus D. Right ventricular phenotype, function, and failure: a journey from evolution to clinics. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 26:1447-1466. [PMID: 32556672 PMCID: PMC8510935 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-09982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The right ventricle has long been perceived as the "low pressure bystander" of the left ventricle. Although the structure consists of, at first glance, the same cardiomyocytes as the left ventricle, it is in fact derived from a different set of precursor cells and has a complex three-dimensional anatomy and a very distinct contraction pattern. Mechanisms of right ventricular failure, its detection and follow-up, and more specific different responses to pressure versus volume overload are still incompletely understood. In order to fully comprehend right ventricular form and function, evolutionary biological entities that have led to the specifics of right ventricular physiology and morphology need to be addressed. Processes responsible for cardiac formation are based on very ancient cardiac lineages and within the first few weeks of fetal life, the human heart seems to repeat cardiac evolution. Furthermore, it appears that most cardiogenic signal pathways (if not all) act in combination with tissue-specific transcriptional cofactors to exert inductive responses reflecting an important expansion of ancestral regulatory genes throughout evolution and eventually cardiac complexity. Such molecular entities result in specific biomechanics of the RV that differs from that of the left ventricle. It is clear that sole descriptions of right ventricular contraction patterns (and LV contraction patterns for that matter) are futile and need to be addressed into a bigger multilayer three-dimensional picture. Therefore, we aim to present a complete picture from evolution, formation, and clinical presentation of right ventricular (mal)adaptation and failure on a molecular, cellular, biomechanical, and (patho)anatomical basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick J H J Taverne
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Rg627, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Unit for Cardiac Morphology and Translational Electrophysiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Rg627, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beatrijs Bartelds
- Division of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ad J J C Bogers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Rg627, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Jakovljevic Uzelac J, Djukic T, Mutavdzin S, Stankovic S, Labudovic Borovic M, Rakocevic J, Milic N, Savic Radojevic A, Vasic M, Japundzic Zigon N, Simic T, Djuric D. The influence of subchronic co-application of vitamins B6 and folic acid on cardiac oxidative stress and biochemical markers in monocrotaline-induced heart failure in male Wistar albino rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:93-102. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that subchronic co-application of vitamins B6 and folic acid (FA) could affect heart failure (HF) induced by monocrotaline (MCT), with the modulation of oxidative stress parameters and cardiometabolic biomarkers. Biochemical and histomorphometric analyses were assessed in blank solution-exposed controls (C1 physiological saline 1 mL/kg, 1 day, n = 8; C2 physiological saline 1 mL/kg, 28 days, n = 8), MCT-induced HF (MCT 50 mg/kg, n = 8), B6+FA (vitamin B6 7 mg·kg–1·day–1, FA 5 mg·kg–1·day–1; n = 8), and MCT+B6+FA (MCT 50 mg/kg, vitamin B6 7 mg·kg–1·day–1, FA 5 mg·kg–1·day–1; n = 8) in male Wistar albino rats (body mass 160 g at the start). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, thiol-, carbonyl groups, and nitrotyrosine were determined in cardiac tissue. Echocardiography was performed to confirm MCT-induced HF. The right ventricular wall hypertrophy, accompanied with significant increase of troponin T and preserved renal and liver function, has been shown in MCT-induced HF. However, these effects were not related to antioxidant effects of vitamin B6 and FA, since several parameters of oxidative stress were more pronounced after treatment. In this study, co-application of vitamins B6 and FA did not attenuate hypertrophy of the right ventricle wall but aggravated oxidative stress, which is involved in HF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Jakovljevic Uzelac
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Djukic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Mutavdzin
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Stankovic
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Labudovic Borovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology “Aleksandar Dj. Kostic”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Rakocevic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology “Aleksandar Dj. Kostic”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Milic
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Savic Radojevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Vasic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Japundzic Zigon
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Simic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Djuric
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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15
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Mikhael M, Makar C, Wissa A, Le T, Eghbali M, Umar S. Oxidative Stress and Its Implications in the Right Ventricular Remodeling Secondary to Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1233. [PMID: 31607955 PMCID: PMC6769067 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pulmonary vascular disease characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressures. Long standing pulmonary arterial pressure overload leads to right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, RV failure, and death. RV failure is a major determinant of survival in PH. Oxidative stress has been associated with the development of RV failure secondary to PH. Here we summarize the structural and functional changes in the RV in response to sustained pulmonary arterial pressure overload. Furthermore, we review the pre-clinical and clinical studies highlighting the association of oxidative stress with pulmonary vasculature and RV remodeling in chronic PH. Targeting oxidative stress promises to be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RV failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mikhael
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christian Makar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amir Wissa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Trixie Le
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Soban Umar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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16
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Metabolomics Studies to Assess Biological Functions of Vitamin E Nicotinate. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050127. [PMID: 31083512 PMCID: PMC6562962 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E nicotinate (tocopherol nicotinate, tocopheryl nicotinate; TN) is an ester of two vitamins, tocopherol (vitamin E) and niacin (vitamin B3), in which niacin is linked to the hydroxyl group of active vitamin E. This vitamin E ester can be chemically synthesized and is used for supplementation. However, whether TN is formed in the biological system was unclear. Our laboratory previously detected TN in rat heart tissues, and its level was 30-fold lower in a failing heart (Wang et al., PLoS ONE2017, 12, e0176887). The rat diet used in these experiments contained vitamin E acetate (tocopherol acetate; TA) and niacin separately, but not in the form of TN. Since only TN, but not other forms of vitamin E, was decreased in heart failure, the TN structure may elicit biologic functions independent of serving as a source of active vitamin E antioxidant. To test this hypothesis, the present study performed metabolomics to compare effects of TN on cultured cells to those of TA plus niacin added separately (TA + N). Human vascular smooth muscle cells were treated with TN or with TA + N (100 μM) for 10 min. Metabolite profiles showed that TN and TA + N influenced the cells differentially. TN effectively upregulated various primary fatty acid amides including arachidonoylethanoamine (anandamide/virodhamine) and palmitamide. TN also activated mitogen-activated protein kinases. These results suggest a new biological function of TN to elicit cell signaling.
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17
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Ren X, Johns RA, Gao WD. EXPRESS: Right Heart in Pulmonary Hypertension: From Adaptation to Failure. Pulm Circ 2019; 9:2045894019845611. [PMID: 30942134 PMCID: PMC6681271 DOI: 10.1177/2045894019845611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) failure (RVF) has garnered significant attention in recent years because of its negative impact on clinical outcomes in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). PH triggers a series of events, including activation of several signaling pathways that regulate cell growth, metabolism, extracellular matrix remodeling, and energy production. These processes render the RV adaptive to PH. However, RVF develops when PH persists, accompanied by RV ischemia, alterations in substrate and mitochondrial energy metabolism, increased free oxygen radicals, increased cell loss, downregulation of adrenergic receptors, increased inflammation and fibrosis, and pathologic microRNAs. Diastolic dysfunction is also an integral part of RVF. Emerging non-invasive technologies such as molecular or metallic imaging, cardiac MRI, and ultrafast Doppler coronary flow mapping will be valuable tools to monitor RVF, especially the transition to RVF. Most PH therapies cannot treat RVF once it has occurred. A variety of therapies are available to treat acute and chronic RVF, but they are mainly supportive, and no effective therapy directly targets the failing RV. Therapies that target cell growth, cellular metabolism, oxidative stress, and myocyte regeneration are being tested preclinically. Future research should include establishing novel RVF models based on existing models, increasing use of human samples, creating human stem cell-based in vitro models, and characterizing alterations in cardiac excitation–contraction coupling during transition from adaptive RV to RVF. More successful strategies to manage RVF will likely be developed as we learn more about the transition from adaptive remodeling to maladaptive RVF in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology,
China-Japan
Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Roger A. Johns
- Department of Anesthesiology and
Critical Care Medicine,
Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei Dong Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and
Critical Care Medicine,
Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
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18
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Schlüter KD, Kutsche HS, Hirschhäuser C, Schreckenberg R, Schulz R. Review on Chamber-Specific Differences in Right and Left Heart Reactive Oxygen Species Handling. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1799. [PMID: 30618811 PMCID: PMC6304434 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert signaling character (redox signaling), or damaging character (oxidative stress) on cardiac tissue depending on their concentration and/or reactivity. The steady state of ROS concentration is determined by the interplay between its production (mitochondrial, cytosolic, and sarcolemmal enzymes) and ROS defense enzymes (mitochondria, cytosol). Recent studies suggest that ROS regulation is different in the left and right ventricle of the heart, specifically by a different activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Mitochondrial ROS defense seems to be lower in right ventricular tissue compared to left ventricular tissue. In this review we summarize the current evidence for heart chamber specific differences in ROS regulation that may play a major role in an observed inability of the right ventricle to compensate for cardiac stress such as pulmonary hypertension. Based on the current knowledge regimes to increase ROS defense in right ventricular tissue should be in the focus for the development of future therapies concerning right heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Sarah Kutsche
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Rolf Schreckenberg
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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19
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Izquierdo-Garcia JL, Arias T, Rojas Y, Garcia-Ruiz V, Santos A, Martin-Puig S, Ruiz-Cabello J. Metabolic Reprogramming in the Heart and Lung in a Murine Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:110. [PMID: 30159317 PMCID: PMC6104186 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant glycolytic shift in the cells of the pulmonary vasculature and right ventricle during pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has been recently described. Due to the late complications and devastating course of any variant of this disease, there is a great need for animal models that reproduce potential metabolic reprograming of PAH. Our objective is to study, in situ, the metabolic reprogramming in the lung and the right ventricle of a mouse model of PAH by metabolomic profiling and molecular imaging. PAH was induced by chronic hypoxia exposure plus treatment with SU5416, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor. Lung and right ventricle samples were analyzed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In vivo energy metabolism was studied by positron emission tomography. Our results show that metabolomic profiling of lung samples clearly identifies significant alterations in glycolytic pathways. We also confirmed an upregulation of glutamine metabolism and alterations in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, we identified alterations in glycine and choline metabolism in lung tissues. Metabolic reprograming was also confirmed in right ventricle samples. Lactate and alanine, endpoints of glycolytic oxidation, were found to have increased concentrations in mice with PAH. Glutamine and taurine concentrations were correlated to specific ventricle hypertrophy features. We demonstrated that most of the metabolic features that characterize human PAH were detected in a hypoxia plus SU5416 mouse model and it may become a valuable tool to test new targeting treatments of this severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Izquierdo-Garcia
- CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian-Donostia, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Arias
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yeny Rojas
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Garcia-Ruiz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Gestion Clinica del Corazon, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Jesus Ruiz-Cabello
- CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian-Donostia, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Universidad Complutense Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Quimica en Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Madrid, Spain
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Shults NV, Melnyk O, Suzuki DI, Suzuki YJ. Redox Biology of Right-Sided Heart Failure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7080106. [PMID: 30096794 PMCID: PMC6115847 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7080106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Right-sided heart failure is the major cause of death among patients who suffer from various forms of pulmonary hypertension and congenital heart disease. The right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) originate from different progenitor cells and function against very different blood pressures. However, differences between the RV and LV formed after birth have not been well defined. Work from our laboratory and others has accumulated evidence that redox signaling, oxidative stress and antioxidant regulation are important components that define the RV/LV differences. The present article summarizes the progress in understanding the roles of redox biology in the RV chamber-specificity. Understanding the mechanisms of RV/LV differences should help develop selective therapeutic strategies to help patients who are susceptible to and suffering from right-sided heart failure. Modulations of redox biology may provide effective therapeutic avenues for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia V Shults
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Oleksiy Melnyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Dante I Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Yuichiro J Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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Deidda M, Noto A, Bassareo PP, Cadeddu Dessalvi C, Mercuro G. Metabolomic Approach to Redox and Nitrosative Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2018; 9:672. [PMID: 29997515 PMCID: PMC6031070 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics, also referred to as metabonomics, is one of the most recent innovative technologies in medicine. It offers a direct functional read-out of phenotypes by the detection, identification, and quantification of a large number of metabolites within a biological sample such as urine and blood. Metabolites (<1500 Da) represent the output of cellular metabolism, accounting for expression and activity of genes, transcripts, and proteins, and offering unique insights into small molecule regulation, which may uncover new biochemical patterns. Metabolomics research has considerable potential for translating the metabolic fingerprint into personalized therapeutic strategies. Within the field of interest, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most developed areas. However, CVD remains the leading cause of death worldwide with a marked increase in mortality rates over the past six decades. In this scenario, recent findings indicate the important role of redox and nitrosative (RN) reactions in CVD development and progression. RN reactions are generally involved in the homeostatic modulation of a wide number of cellular and organ functions. Conversely, the imbalance of these reactions may lead to a condition of allostasis that in turn can cause CVD. The aim of this review is to highlight how the use of metabolomics may be useful for the study of RN reactions related to CVD, providing a tool to understand the mechanisms underlying reactions that could lead to impaired ROS or RNS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Deidda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Antonio Noto
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Pier P Bassareo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Mercuro
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
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