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Daruich A, Duncan M, Robert MP, Lagali N, Semina EV, Aberdam D, Ferrari S, Romano V, des Roziers CB, Benkortebi R, De Vergnes N, Polak M, Chiambaretta F, Nischal KK, Behar-Cohen F, Valleix S, Bremond-Gignac D. Congenital aniridia beyond black eyes: From phenotype and novel genetic mechanisms to innovative therapeutic approaches. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 95:101133. [PMID: 36280537 PMCID: PMC11062406 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Congenital PAX6-aniridia, initially characterized by the absence of the iris, has progressively been shown to be associated with other developmental ocular abnormalities and systemic features making congenital aniridia a complex syndromic disorder rather than a simple isolated disease of the iris. Moreover, foveal hypoplasia is now recognized as a more frequent feature than complete iris hypoplasia and a major visual prognosis determinant, reversing the classical clinical picture of this disease. Conversely, iris malformation is also a feature of various anterior segment dysgenesis disorders caused by PAX6-related developmental genes, adding a level of genetic complexity for accurate molecular diagnosis of aniridia. Therefore, the clinical recognition and differential genetic diagnosis of PAX6-related aniridia has been revealed to be much more challenging than initially thought, and still remains under-investigated. Here, we update specific clinical features of aniridia, with emphasis on their genotype correlations, as well as provide new knowledge regarding the PAX6 gene and its mutational spectrum, and highlight the beneficial utility of clinically implementing targeted Next-Generation Sequencing combined with Whole-Genome Sequencing to increase the genetic diagnostic yield of aniridia. We also present new molecular mechanisms underlying aniridia and aniridia-like phenotypes. Finally, we discuss the appropriate medical and surgical management of aniridic eyes, as well as innovative therapeutic options. Altogether, these combined clinical-genetic approaches will help to accelerate time to diagnosis, provide better determination of the disease prognosis and management, and confirm eligibility for future clinical trials or genetic-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Daruich
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Melinda Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Matthieu P Robert
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France; Borelli Centre, UMR 9010, CNRS-SSA-ENS Paris Saclay-Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Neil Lagali
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Daniel Aberdam
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto, Via Paccagnella 11, Venice, Italy
| | - Vito Romano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiolological Sciences, and Public Health, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Cyril Burin des Roziers
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, APHP. Centre Université de Paris, Fédération de Génétique et de Médecine Génomique Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Fbg St-Jacques, 75679, Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Rabia Benkortebi
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie De Vergnes
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, INSERM U1016, Institut IMAGINE, France
| | | | - Ken K Nischal
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus, and Adult Motility, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Valleix
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, APHP. Centre Université de Paris, Fédération de Génétique et de Médecine Génomique Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Fbg St-Jacques, 75679, Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Dominique Bremond-Gignac
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
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Tan J, Zeng L, Wang Y, Liu G, Huang L, Chen D, Wang X, Fan N, He Y, Liu X. Compound Heterozygous Variants of the CPAMD8 Gene Co-Segregating in Two Chinese Pedigrees With Pigment Dispersion Syndrome/Pigmentary Glaucoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:845081. [PMID: 35957697 PMCID: PMC9358689 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.845081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of pigment dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma remain unclear. In pedigree-based studies, familial aggregation and recurrences in relatives suggest a strong genetic basis for pigmentary glaucoma. In this study, we aimed to identify the genetic background of two Chinese pedigrees with pigmentary glaucoma. All members of these two pedigrees who enrolled in the study underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, and genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood samples. Whole-exome sequencing and candidate gene verifications were performed to identify the disease-causing variants; in addition, screening of the CPAMD8 gene was performed on 38 patients of sporadic pigmentary glaucoma. Changes in the structure and function of abnormal proteins caused by gene variants were analyzed with a bioinformatics assessment. Pigmentary glaucoma was identified in a total of five patients from the two pedigrees, as were compound heterozygous variants of the CPAMD8 gene. No signs of pigmentary glaucoma were found in carriers of monoallelic CPAMD8 variant/variants. All four variants were inherited in an autosomal recessive mode. In addition to the 38 patients of sporadic pigmentary glaucoma, 13 variants of the CPAMD8 gene were identified in 11 patients. This study reported a possible association between CPAMD8 variants and pigment dispersion syndrome/pigmentary glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Tan
- Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liuzhi Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Longxiang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Defu Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xizhen Wang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ning Fan
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The 2nd Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xuyang Liu,
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Häfliger IM, Wolf-Hofstetter S, Casola C, Hetzel U, Seefried FR, Drögemüller C. A de novo variant in the bovine ADAMTSL4 gene in an Original Braunvieh calf with congenital cataract. Anim Genet 2022; 53:416-421. [PMID: 35233794 PMCID: PMC9311076 DOI: 10.1111/age.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Inherited forms of cataract are a heterogeneous group of eye disorders known in livestock species. Clinicopathological analysis of a single case of impaired vision in a newborn Original Braunvieh calf revealed nuclear cataract. Whole‐genome sequencing of the parent‐offspring trio revealed a de novo mutation of ADAMTSL4 in this case. The heterozygous p.Arg776His missense variant affects a conserved residue of the ADAMTSL4 gene that encodes a secreted glycoprotein expressed in the lens throughout embryonic development. In humans, ADAMTSL4 genetic variants cause recessively inherited forms of subluxation of the lens. Given that ADAMTSL4 is a functional candidate gene for inherited disorders of the lens, we suggest that heterozygosity for the identified missense variant may have caused the congenital cataract in the affected calf. Cattle populations should be monitored for unexplained cataract cases, with subsequent DNA sequencing a hypothesized pathogenic effect of heterozygous ADAMTSL4 variants could be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Häfliger
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christina Casola
- Ophthalmology Section, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Udo Hetzel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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CNGB3 Missense Variant Causes Recessive Achromatopsia in Original Braunvieh Cattle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212440. [PMID: 34830323 PMCID: PMC8620519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic occurrence of inherited eye disorders has been reported in cattle but so far pathogenic variants were found only for rare forms of cataract but not for retinopathies. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype and the genetic aetiology of a recessive form of congenital day-blindness observed in several cases of purebred Original Braunvieh cattle. Electroretinography in an affected calf revealed absent cone-mediated function, whereas the rods continue to function normally. Brain areas involved in vision were morphologically normal. When targeting cones by immunofluorescence, a decrease in cone number and an accumulation of beta subunits of cone cyclic-nucleotide gated channel (CNGB3) in the outer plexiform layer of affected animals was obvious. Achromatopsia is a monogenic Mendelian disease characterized by the loss of cone photoreceptor function resulting in day-blindness, total color-blindness, and decreased central visual acuity. After SNP genotyping and subsequent homozygosity mapping with twelve affected cattle, we performed whole-genome sequencing and variant calling of three cases. We identified a single missense variant in the bovine CNGB3 gene situated in a ~2.5 Mb homozygous genome region on chromosome 14 shared between all cases. All affected cattle were homozygous carriers of the p.Asp251Asn mutation that was predicted to be deleterious, affecting an evolutionary conserved residue. In conclusion, we have evidence for the occurrence of a breed-specific novel CNGB3-related form of recessively inherited achromatopsia in Original Braunvieh cattle which we have designated OH1 showing an allele frequency of the deleterious allele of ~8%. The identification of carriers will enable selection against this inherited disorder. The studied cattle might serve as an animal model to further elucidate the function of CNGB3 in mammals.
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Choquet H, Melles RB, Anand D, Yin J, Cuellar-Partida G, Wang W, Hoffmann TJ, Nair KS, Hysi PG, Lachke SA, Jorgenson E. A large multiethnic GWAS meta-analysis of cataract identifies new risk loci and sex-specific effects. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3595. [PMID: 34127677 PMCID: PMC8203611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness among the elderly worldwide and cataract surgery is one of the most common operations performed in the United States. As the genetic etiology of cataract formation remains unclear, we conducted a multiethnic genome-wide association meta-analysis, combining results from the GERA and UK Biobank cohorts, and tested for replication in the 23andMe research cohort. We report 54 genome-wide significant loci, 37 of which were novel. Sex-stratified analyses identified CASP7 as an additional novel locus specific to women. We show that genes within or near 80% of the cataract-associated loci are significantly expressed and/or enriched-expressed in the mouse lens across various spatiotemporal stages as per iSyTE analysis. Furthermore, iSyTE shows 32 candidate genes in the associated loci have altered gene expression in 9 different gene perturbation mouse models of lens defects/cataract, suggesting their relevance to lens biology. Our work provides further insight into the complex genetic architecture of cataract susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Choquet
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | | | - Deepti Anand
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jie Yin
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Saidas Nair
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pirro G Hysi
- King's College London, Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, London, UK.,King's College London, Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, London, UK.,University College London, Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Salil A Lachke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
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Wiggs JL. CPAMD8, a New Gene for Anterior Segment Dysgenesis and Childhood Glaucoma. Ophthalmology 2020; 127:767-768. [PMID: 32444017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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CPAMD8 loss-of-function underlies non-dominant congenital glaucoma with variable anterior segment dysgenesis and abnormal extracellular matrix. Hum Genet 2020; 139:1209-1231. [PMID: 32274568 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal development of the ocular anterior segment may lead to a spectrum of clinical phenotypes ranging from primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) to variable anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD). The main objective of this study was to identify the genetic alterations underlying recessive congenital glaucoma with ASD (CG-ASD). Next-generation DNA sequencing identified rare biallelic CPAMD8 variants in four patients with CG-ASD and in one case with PCG. CPAMD8 is a gene of unknown function and recently associated with ASD. Bioinformatic and in vitro functional evaluation of the variants using quantitative reverse transcription PCR and minigene analysis supported a loss-of-function pathogenic mechanism. Optical and electron microscopy of the trabeculectomy specimen from one of the CG-ASD cases revealed an abnormal anterior chamber angle, with altered extracellular matrix, and apoptotic trabecular meshwork cells. The CPAMD8 protein was immunodetected in adult human ocular fluids and anterior segment tissues involved in glaucoma and ASD (i.e., aqueous humor, non-pigmented ciliary epithelium, and iris muscles), as well as in periocular mesenchyme-like cells of zebrafish embryos. CRISPR/Cas9 disruption of this gene in F0 zebrafish embryos (96 hpf) resulted in varying degrees of gross developmental abnormalities, including microphthalmia, pharyngeal maldevelopment, and pericardial and periocular edemas. Optical and electron microscopy examination of these embryos showed iridocorneal angle hypoplasia (characterized by altered iris stroma cells, reduced anterior chamber, and collagen disorganized corneal stroma extracellular matrix), recapitulating some patients' features. Our data support the notion that CPAMD8 loss-of-function underlies a spectrum of recessive CG-ASD phenotypes associated with extracellular matrix disorganization and provide new insights into the normal and disease roles of this gene.
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Siggs OM, Souzeau E, Taranath DA, Dubowsky A, Chappell A, Zhou T, Javadiyan S, Nicholl J, Kearns LS, Staffieri SE, Narita A, Smith JEH, Pater J, Hewitt AW, Ruddle JB, Elder JE, Mackey DA, Burdon KP, Craig JE. Biallelic CPAMD8 Variants Are a Frequent Cause of Childhood and Juvenile Open-Angle Glaucoma. Ophthalmology 2020; 127:758-766. [PMID: 32085876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Developmental abnormalities of the ocular anterior segment in some cases can lead to ocular hypertension and glaucoma. CPAMD8 is a gene of unknown function recently associated with ocular anterior segment dysgenesis, myopia, and ectopia lentis. We sought to assess the contribution of biallelic CPAMD8 variants to childhood and juvenile open-angle glaucoma. DESIGN Retrospective, multicenter case series. PARTICIPANTS A total of 268 probands and their relatives with a diagnosis of childhood or juvenile open-angle glaucoma. PURPOSE Developmental abnormalities of the ocular anterior segment in some cases can lead to ocular hypertension and glaucoma. CPAMD8 is a gene of unknown function recently associated with ocular anterior segment dysgenesis, myopia, and ectopia lentis. We sought to assess the contribution of biallelic CPAMD8 variants to childhood and juvenile open-angle glaucoma. METHODS Patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic assessment, with DNA from patients and their relatives subjected to genome, exome, or capillary sequencing. CPAMD8 RNA expression analysis was performed on tissues dissected from cadaveric human eyes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Diagnostic yield within a cohort of childhood and juvenile open-angle glaucoma, prevalence and risk of ophthalmic phenotypes, and relative expression of CPAMD8 in the human eye. RESULTS We identified rare (allele frequency < 4×10-5) biallelic CPAMD8 variants in 5.7% (5/88) of probands with childhood glaucoma and 2.1% (2/96) of probands with juvenile open-angle glaucoma. When including family members, we identified 11 individuals with biallelic variants in CPAMD8 from 7 unrelated families. Nine of these individuals were diagnosed with glaucoma (9/11, 81.8%), with a mean age at diagnosis of 9.22±14.89 years, and all individuals with glaucoma required 1 or more incisional procedures to control high intraocular pressure. Iris abnormalities were observed in 9 of 11 individuals, cataract was observed in 8 of 11 individuals (72.7%), and retinal detachment was observed in 3 of 11 individuals (27.3%). CPAMD8 expression was highest in neural crest-derived tissues of the adult anterior segment, suggesting that CPAMD8 variation may cause malformation or obstruction of key drainage structures. CONCLUSIONS Biallelic CPAMD8 variation was associated with a highly heterogeneous phenotype and in our cohorts was the second most common inherited cause of childhood glaucoma after CYP1B1 and juvenile open-angle glaucoma after MYOC. CPAMD8 sequencing should be considered in the investigation of both childhood and juvenile open-angle glaucoma, particularly when associated with iris abnormalities, cataract, or retinal detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M Siggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | | | - Deepa A Taranath
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Angela Chappell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tiger Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shari Javadiyan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Lisa S Kearns
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandra E Staffieri
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - James E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Pater
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jonathan B Ruddle
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James E Elder
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Kathryn P Burdon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Braun M, Struck AK, Reinartz S, Heppelmann M, Rehage J, Eule JC, Ciurkiewicz M, Beineke A, Metzger J, Distl O. Study of congenital Morgagnian cataracts in Holstein calves. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226823. [PMID: 31877171 PMCID: PMC6932804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataracts are focal to diffuse opacities of the eye lens causing impaired vision or complete blindness. For bilateral congenital cataracts in Red Holsteins a perfectly cosegregating mutation within the CPAMD8 gene (CPAMD8:g.5995966C>T) has been reported. We genotyped the CPAMD8:g.5995966C>T variant in Holstein calves affected by congenital bilateral congenital cataracts, their unaffected relatives and randomly selected herd mates. Ophthalmological examinations were performed in all affected individuals to confirm a congenital cataract. Whole genome sequencing was employed to screen variants in candidate genes for the Morgagnian cataract phenotype. In the present study, 3/35 cases were confirmed as homozygous mutated and 6/14 obligate carriers. Further 7/46 unaffected animals related with these cases were heterozygous mutated for the CPAMD8:g.5995966C>T variant. However 32 cases with a congenital cataract showed the wild type for the CPAMD8 variant. We did not identify variants in the candidate genes CPAMD8 and NID1 or in their close neighborhood as strongly associated with the congenital cataract phenotype in Holstein calves with the CPAMD8 wild type. In conclusion, the CPAMD8:g.5995966C>T variant is insufficient to explain the majority of Morgagnian congenital cataract phenotypes in Holsteins. It is very likely that congenital bilateral cataracts may be genetically heterogeneous and not yet known variants in genes other than CPAMD8 and NID1 are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Braun
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Struck
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sina Reinartz
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maike Heppelmann
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rehage
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johanna Corinna Eule
- Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Beineke
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Metzger
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ottmar Distl
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Childhood glaucoma genes and phenotypes: Focus on FOXC1 mutations causing anterior segment dysgenesis and hearing loss. Exp Eye Res 2019; 190:107893. [PMID: 31836490 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Childhood glaucoma is an important cause of blindness world-wide. Eleven genes are currently known to cause inherited forms of glaucoma with onset before age 20. While all the early-onset glaucoma genes cause severe disease, considerable phenotypic variability is observed among mutations carriers. In particular, FOXC1 genetic variants are associated with a broad range of phenotypes including multiple forms of glaucoma and also systemic abnormalities, especially hearing loss. FOXC1 is a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors and is involved in neural crest development necessary for formation of anterior eye structures and also pharyngeal arches that form the middle ear bones. In this study we review the clinical phenotypes reported for known FOXC1 mutations and show that mutations in patients with reported ocular anterior segment abnormalities and hearing loss primarily disrupt the critically important forkhead domain. These results suggest that optimal care for patients affected with anterior segment dysgenesis should include screening for FOXC1 mutations and also testing for hearing loss.
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11
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Uveitis and Multiple Sclerosis: Potential Common Causal Mutations. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8008-8017. [PMID: 31161422 PMCID: PMC6834745 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Uveitis, defined as inflammation of the uveal tract of the eye, is a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment throughout the world. The etiology of uveitis is complex, and autoimmunity plays a major role in its pathogenesis. Intermediate uveitis (IU), a subtype of ocular inflammation, has been associated with systemic autoimmune disorders, specifically with multiple sclerosis (MS). This article reports a rare three-generation family with several members affected by IU (four siblings) and comorbid MS (two siblings fulfilling MS diagnostic criteria and a third sibling presenting some neurological symptoms). Based on the clinical findings, we captured and sequenced whole exomes of seven pedigree members (affected and unaffected). Using a recessive model of transmission with full penetrance, we applied genetic linkage analysis to define minimal critical regions (MCRs) in suggestive or nominal regions of linkage. In these MCRs, we defined functional (some pathogenic), novel, and rare mutations that segregated as homozygous in affected and heterozygous in unaffected family members. The genes harboring these mutations, including DGKI, TNFRSF10A, GNGT1, CPAMD8, and BAFF, which are expressed in both eye and brain tissues and/or are related to autoimmune diseases, provide new avenues to evaluate the inherited causes of these devastating autoimmune conditions.
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