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Marín-Teva JL, Sepúlveda MR, Neubrand VE, Cuadros MA. Microglial Phagocytosis During Embryonic and Postnatal Development. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:151-161. [PMID: 39207691 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Microglia play decisive roles during the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Phagocytosis is one of the classical functions attributed to microglia, being involved in nearly all phases of the embryonic and postnatal development of the brain, such as rapid clearance of cell debris to avoid an inflammatory response, controlling the number of neuronal and glial cells or their precursors, contribution to axon guidance and to refinement of synaptic connections. To carry out all these tasks, microglial cells are equipped with a panoply of receptors, that convert microglia to the "professional phagocytes" of the nervous parenchyma. These receptors are modulated by spatiotemporal cues that adapt the properties of microglia to the needs of the developing CNS. Thus, in this chapter, we will discuss the role of microglial phagocytosis in all the aforementioned processes. First, we will explain the general phagocytic process, to describe afterward the performance of microglial cells in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Marín-Teva
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - M Rosario Sepúlveda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Veronika E Neubrand
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel A Cuadros
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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2
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Donato L, Mordà D, Scimone C, Alibrandi S, D’Angelo R, Sidoti A. Bridging Retinal and Cerebral Neurodegeneration: A Focus on Crosslinks between Alzheimer-Perusini's Disease and Retinal Dystrophies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3258. [PMID: 38137479 PMCID: PMC10741418 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early stages of Alzheimer-Perusini's disease (AD), individuals often experience vision-related issues such as color vision impairment, reduced contrast sensitivity, and visual acuity problems. As the disease progresses, there is a connection with glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leading to retinal cell death. The retina's involvement suggests a link with the hippocampus, where most AD forms start. A thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) due to the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is seen as a potential AD diagnostic marker using electroretinography (ERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Amyloid beta fragments (Aβ), found in the eye's vitreous and aqueous humor, are also present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and accumulate in the retina. Aβ is known to cause tau hyperphosphorylation, leading to its buildup in various retinal layers. However, diseases like AD are now seen as mixed proteinopathies, with deposits of the prion protein (PrP) and α-synuclein found in affected brains and retinas. Glial cells, especially microglial cells, play a crucial role in these diseases, maintaining immunoproteostasis. Studies have shown similarities between retinal and brain microglia in terms of transcription factor expression and morphotypes. All these findings constitute a good start to achieving better comprehension of neurodegeneration in both the eye and the brain. New insights will be able to bring the scientific community closer to specific disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Donato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (L.D.); (C.S.); (R.D.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (I.E.ME.S.T.), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Domenico Mordà
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (I.E.ME.S.T.), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta Scimone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (L.D.); (C.S.); (R.D.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (I.E.ME.S.T.), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Simona Alibrandi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (L.D.); (C.S.); (R.D.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (I.E.ME.S.T.), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Rosalia D’Angelo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (L.D.); (C.S.); (R.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonina Sidoti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (L.D.); (C.S.); (R.D.); (A.S.)
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Álvarez-Hernán G, de Mera-Rodríguez JA, Calle-Guisado V, Martín-Partido G, Rodríguez-León J, Francisco-Morcillo J. Retinal Development in a Precocial Bird Species, the Quail (Coturnix coturnix, Linnaeus 1758). Cells 2023; 12:cells12070989. [PMID: 37048062 PMCID: PMC10093483 DOI: 10.3390/cells12070989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The quail (Coturnix coturnix, Linnaeus 1758), a notable model used in developmental biology, is a precocial bird species in which the processes of retinal cell differentiation and retinal histogenesis have been poorly studied. The purpose of the present research is to examine the retinogenesis in this bird species immunohistochemically and compare the results with those from previous studies in precocial and altricial birds. We found that the first PCNA-negative nuclei are detected at Stage (St) 21 in the vitreal region of the neuroblastic layer, coinciding topographically with the first αTubAc-/Tuj1-/Isl1-immunoreactive differentiating ganglion cells. At St28, the first Prox1-immunoreactive nuclei can be distinguished in the vitreal side of the neuroblastic layer (NbL), but also the first visinin-immunoreactive photoreceptors in the scleral surface. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) emerges at St32, and the outer plexiform layer (OPL) becomes visible at St35—the stage in which the first GS-immunoreactive Müller cells are distinguishable. Newly hatched animals show a well-developed stratified retina in which the PCNA-and pHisH3-immunoreactivies are absent. Therefore, retinal cell differentiation in the quail progresses in the stereotyped order conserved among vertebrates, in which ganglion cells initially appear and are followed by amacrine cells, horizontal cells, and photoreceptors. Müller glia are one of the last cell types to be born. Plexiform layers emerge following a vitreal-to-scleral gradient. Finally, our results suggest that there are no significant differences in the timing of different events involved in retinal maturation between the quail and the chicken, but the same events are delayed in an altricial bird species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Álvarez-Hernán
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - José Antonio de Mera-Rodríguez
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Violeta Calle-Guisado
- Área de Anatomía y Embriología Humana, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Gervasio Martín-Partido
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-León
- Área de Anatomía y Embriología Humana, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier Francisco-Morcillo
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Menassa DA, Muntslag TAO, Martin-Estebané M, Barry-Carroll L, Chapman MA, Adorjan I, Tyler T, Turnbull B, Rose-Zerilli MJJ, Nicoll JAR, Krsnik Z, Kostovic I, Gomez-Nicola D. The spatiotemporal dynamics of microglia across the human lifespan. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2127-2139.e6. [PMID: 35977545 PMCID: PMC9616795 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, the brain's resident macrophages, shape neural development and are key neuroimmune hubs in the pathological signatures of neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite the importance of microglia, their development has not been carefully examined in the human brain, and most of our knowledge derives from rodents. We aimed to address this gap in knowledge by establishing an extensive collection of 97 post-mortem tissues in order to enable quantitative, sex-matched, detailed analysis of microglia across the human lifespan. We identify the dynamics of these cells in the human telencephalon, describing waves in microglial density across gestation, infancy, and childhood, controlled by a balance of proliferation and apoptosis, which track key neurodevelopmental milestones. These profound changes in microglia are also observed in bulk RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq datasets. This study provides a detailed insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics of microglia across the human lifespan and serves as a foundation for elucidating how microglia contribute to shaping neurodevelopment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Menassa
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tim A O Muntslag
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Martin-Estebané
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Barry-Carroll
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Istvan Adorjan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Teadora Tyler
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bethany Turnbull
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - James A R Nicoll
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Zeljka Krsnik
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Kostovic
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Diego Gomez-Nicola
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Wieghofer P, Engelbert M, Chui TYP, Rosen RB, Sakamoto T, Sebag J. Hyalocyte origin, structure, and imaging. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022; 17:233-248. [PMID: 36632192 PMCID: PMC9831111 DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2022.2100762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Hyalocytes have been recognized as resident tissue macrophages of the vitreous body since the mid-19th century. Despite this, knowledge about their origin, turnover, and dynamics is limited. Areas covered Historically, initial studies on the origin of hyalocytes used light and electron microscopy. Modern investigations across species including rodents and humans will be described. Novel imaging is now available to study human hyalocytes in vivo. The shared ontogeny with retinal microglia and their eventual interdependence as well as differences will be discussed. Expert opinion Owing to a common origin as myeloid cells, hyalocytes and retinal microglia have similarities, but hyalocytes appear to be distinct as resident macrophages of the vitreous body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wieghofer
- Cellular Neuroanatomy, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 2, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michael Engelbert
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, NY 10022, USA
- LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Toco YP Chui
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Richard B Rosen
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Taiji Sakamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - J Sebag
- Doheny Eye Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Clinical Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VMR Institute for Vitreous Macula Retina, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
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6
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Álvarez-Hernán G, de Mera-Rodríguez JA, Hernández-Núñez I, Acedo A, Marzal A, Gañán Y, Martín-Partido G, Rodríguez-León J, Francisco-Morcillo J. Timing and Distribution of Mitotic Activity in the Retina During Precocial and Altricial Modes of Avian Development. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:853544. [PMID: 35615284 PMCID: PMC9125163 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.853544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During development of the vertebrate retina, mitotic activity is defined as apical when is located at the external surface of the neuroepithelium or as non-apical when is found in more internal regions. Apical mitoses give rise to all retinal cell types. Non-apical mitoses are linked to committed horizontal cell precursors that subsequently migrate vitreo-sclerally, reaching their final position in the outer surface of the inner nuclear layer, where they differentiate. Previous studies have suggested differences in the timing of retinal maturation between altricial and precocial bird species. In the present study we analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the mitotic activity in the developing retina of an altricial (zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata) and a precocial (Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix) bird species. We found that pHisH3-immunoreactive apical and non-apical mitoses were abundant in the T. guttata retina at the hatching stage. In contrast, pHisH3 immunoreactivity almost disappeared from the quail retina at the embryonic day 10 (E10). Furthermore, we also found that the onset of the appearance of non-apical mitoses occurred at later stages in the altricial bird species than in the precocial one. The disappearance of apical mitoses and the spatiotemporal distribution of non-apical mitoses followed central to peripheral and dorsal to ventral gradients, similar to gradients of cell differentiation described in the retina of birds. Therefore, these results suggest that retinal neurogenesis is active at the hatching stage in T. guttata, and that horizontal cell differentiation is delayed in the altricial bird species compared to the precocial one. Together, this study reveals important insights into the timing differences that regulate bird retinal maturation and provides a better understanding of the evolution of avian altriciality and precociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Álvarez-Hernán
- Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Ismael Hernández-Núñez
- Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Abel Acedo
- Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Alfonso Marzal
- Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gañán
- Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Gervasio Martín-Partido
- Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-León
- Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- *Correspondence: Joaquín Rodríguez-León,
| | - Javier Francisco-Morcillo
- Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- Javier Francisco-Morcillo,
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7
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Cuadros MA, Sepulveda MR, Martin-Oliva D, Marín-Teva JL, Neubrand VE. Microglia and Microglia-Like Cells: Similar but Different. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:816439. [PMID: 35197828 PMCID: PMC8859783 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.816439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous parenchyma. In mammals, microglia are thought to originate from yolk sac precursors and posteriorly maintained through the entire life of the organism. However, the contribution of microglial cells from other sources should also be considered. In addition to “true” or “bona-fide” microglia, which are of embryonic origin, the so-called “microglia-like cells” are hematopoietic cells of bone marrow origin that can engraft the mature brain mainly under pathological conditions. These cells implement great parts of the microglial immune phenotype, but they do not completely adopt the “true microglia” features. Because of their pronounced similarity, true microglia and microglia-like cells are usually considered together as one population. In this review, we discuss the origin and development of these two distinct cell types and their differences. We will also review the factors determining the appearance and presence of microglia-like cells, which can vary among species. This knowledge might contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies aiming at microglial cells for the treatment of diseases in which they are involved, for example neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Cuadros
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Rosario Sepulveda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David Martin-Oliva
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José L Marín-Teva
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Veronika E Neubrand
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Bartley SC, Proctor MT, Xia H, Ho E, Kang DS, Schuster K, Bicca MA, Seckler HS, Viola KL, Patrie SM, Kelleher NL, De Mello FG, Klein WL. An Essential Role for Alzheimer’s-Linked Amyloid Beta Oligomers in Neurodevelopment: Transient Expression of Multiple Proteoforms during Retina Histogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042208. [PMID: 35216328 PMCID: PMC8875314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is a brain catabolite that at nanomolar concentrations can form neurotoxic oligomers (AβOs), which are known to accumulate in Alzheimer’s disease. Because a predisposition to form neurotoxins seems surprising, we have investigated whether circumstances might exist where AβO accumulation may in fact be beneficial. Our investigation focused on the embryonic chick retina, which expresses the same Aβ as humans. Using conformation-selective antibodies, immunoblots, mass spectrometry, and fluorescence microscopy, we discovered that AβOs are indeed present in the developing retina, where multiple proteoforms are expressed in a highly regulated cell-specific manner. The expression of the AβO proteoforms was selectively associated with transiently expressed phosphorylated Tau (pTau) proteoforms that, like AβOs, are linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To test whether the AβOs were functional in development, embryos were cultured ex ovo and then injected intravitreally with either a beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1) inhibitor or an AβO-selective antibody to prematurely lower the levels of AβOs. The consequence was disrupted histogenesis resulting in dysplasia resembling that seen in various retina pathologies. We suggest the hypothesis that embryonic AβOs are a new type of short-lived peptidergic hormone with a role in neural development. Such a role could help explain why a peptide that manifests deleterious gain-of-function activity when it oligomerizes in the aging brain has been evolutionarily conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C. Bartley
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; (S.C.B.); (M.T.P.); (H.X.); (E.H.); (D.S.K.); (K.S.); (M.A.B.); (K.L.V.)
| | - Madison T. Proctor
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; (S.C.B.); (M.T.P.); (H.X.); (E.H.); (D.S.K.); (K.S.); (M.A.B.); (K.L.V.)
| | - Hongjie Xia
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; (S.C.B.); (M.T.P.); (H.X.); (E.H.); (D.S.K.); (K.S.); (M.A.B.); (K.L.V.)
| | - Evelyn Ho
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; (S.C.B.); (M.T.P.); (H.X.); (E.H.); (D.S.K.); (K.S.); (M.A.B.); (K.L.V.)
| | - Dong S. Kang
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; (S.C.B.); (M.T.P.); (H.X.); (E.H.); (D.S.K.); (K.S.); (M.A.B.); (K.L.V.)
| | - Kristen Schuster
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; (S.C.B.); (M.T.P.); (H.X.); (E.H.); (D.S.K.); (K.S.); (M.A.B.); (K.L.V.)
| | - Maíra A. Bicca
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; (S.C.B.); (M.T.P.); (H.X.); (E.H.); (D.S.K.); (K.S.); (M.A.B.); (K.L.V.)
| | - Henrique S. Seckler
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; (H.S.S.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Kirsten L. Viola
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; (S.C.B.); (M.T.P.); (H.X.); (E.H.); (D.S.K.); (K.S.); (M.A.B.); (K.L.V.)
| | - Steven M. Patrie
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; (H.S.S.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Neil L. Kelleher
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
| | - Fernando G. De Mello
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - William L. Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; (S.C.B.); (M.T.P.); (H.X.); (E.H.); (D.S.K.); (K.S.); (M.A.B.); (K.L.V.)
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-847-591-5510
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9
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Endo Y, Asanuma D, Namiki S, Sugihara K, Hirose K, Uemura A, Kubota Y, Miura T. Quantitative modeling of regular retinal microglia distribution. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22671. [PMID: 34811401 PMCID: PMC8608893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system, showing a regular distribution. Advancing microscopy and image processing techniques have contributed to elucidating microglia’s morphology, dynamics, and distribution. However, the mechanism underlying the regular distribution of microglia remains to be elucidated. First, we quantitatively confirmed the regularity of the distribution pattern of microglial soma in the retina. Second, we formulated a mathematical model that includes factors that may influence regular distribution. Next, we experimentally quantified the model parameters (cell movement, process formation, and ATP dynamics). The resulting model simulation from the measured parameters showed that direct cell–cell contact is most important in generating regular cell spacing. Finally, we tried to specify the molecular pathway responsible for the repulsion between neighboring microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Endo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Asanuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Namiki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Sugihara
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenzo Hirose
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uemura
- Department of Retinal Vascular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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10
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Zhang P, Schlecht A, Wolf J, Boneva S, Laich Y, Koch J, Ludwig F, Boeck M, Thien A, Härdtner C, Kierdorf K, Agostini H, Schlunck G, Prinz M, Hilgendorf I, Wieghofer P, Lange C. The role of interferon regulatory factor 8 for retinal tissue homeostasis and development of choroidal neovascularisation. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:215. [PMID: 34544421 PMCID: PMC8454118 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia cells represent the resident innate immune cells of the retina and are important for retinal development and tissue homeostasis. However, dysfunctional microglia can have a negative impact on the structural and functional integrity of the retina under native and pathological conditions. METHODS In this study, we examined interferon-regulatory factor 8 (Irf8)-deficient mice to determine the transcriptional profile, morphology, and temporospatial distribution of microglia lacking Irf8 and to explore the effects on retinal development, tissue homeostasis, and formation of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV). RESULTS Our study shows that Irf8-deficient MG exhibit a considerable loss of microglial signature genes accompanied by a severely altered MG morphology. An in-depth characterisation by fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography and electroretinography revealed no major retinal abnormalities during steady state. However, in the laser-induced CNV model, Irf8-deficient microglia showed an increased activity of biological processes critical for inflammation and cell adhesion and a reduced MG cell density near the lesions, which was associated with significantly increased CNV lesion size. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that loss of Irf8 in microglia has negligible effects on retinal homeostasis in the steady state. However, under pathological conditions, Irf8 is crucial for the transformation of resident microglia into a reactive phenotype and thus for the suppression of retinal inflammation and CNV formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Medical Faculty, Eye Center, University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Anja Schlecht
- Medical Faculty, Eye Center, University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Wolf
- Medical Faculty, Eye Center, University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Stefaniya Boneva
- Medical Faculty, Eye Center, University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Yannik Laich
- Medical Faculty, Eye Center, University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jana Koch
- Medical Faculty, Eye Center, University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Franziska Ludwig
- Medical Faculty, Eye Center, University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Myriam Boeck
- Medical Faculty, Eye Center, University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Adrian Thien
- Medical Faculty, Eye Center, University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Carmen Härdtner
- Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kierdorf
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Hansjürgen Agostini
- Medical Faculty, Eye Center, University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Günther Schlunck
- Medical Faculty, Eye Center, University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Wieghofer
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. .,Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Clemens Lange
- Medical Faculty, Eye Center, University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
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11
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Delage CI, Cornil CA. Estrogen‐dependent sex difference in microglia in the developing brain of Japanese quail (
Coturnix japonica
). Dev Neurobiol 2020; 80:239-262. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte Anne Cornil
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology GIGA Neurosciences University of Liège Liège Belgium
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12
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Blume ZI, Lambert JM, Lovel AG, Mitchell DM. Microglia in the developing retina couple phagocytosis with the progression of apoptosis via P2RY12 signaling. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:723-740. [PMID: 32072708 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia colonize the developing vertebrate central nervous system coincident with the detection of developmental apoptosis. Our understanding of apoptosis in intact tissue in relation to microglial clearance of dying cells is largely based on fixed samples, which is limiting given that microglia are highly motile and mobile phagocytes. Here, we used a system of microglial depletion and in vivo real-time imaging in zebrafish to directly address microglial phagocytosis of apoptotic cells during normal retinal development, the relative timing of phagocytosis in relation to apoptotic progression, and the contribution of P2RY12 signaling to this process. RESULTS The depletion of microglia resulted in accumulation of numerous apoptotic cells in the retina. Real-time imaging revealed precise timing of microglial engulfment with the progression of apoptosis, and dynamic movement and displacement of engulfed apoptotic cells. Inhibition of P2RY12 signaling delayed microglial clearance of apoptotic cells. CONCLUSIONS Microglial engulfment of dying cells is coincident with apoptotic progression and requires P2RY12 signaling, indicating that microglial P2RY12 signaling is shared between development and injury response. Our work provides important in vivo insight into the dynamics of apoptotic cell clearance in the developing vertebrate retina and provides a basis to understand microglial phagocytic behavior in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary I Blume
- Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Jared M Lambert
- Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Anna G Lovel
- Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
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13
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Abstract
Microglia are increasingly shown to be key players in neuron development and synapse connectivity. However, the underlying mechanisms by which microglia regulate neuron function remain poorly understood in part because such analysis is challenging in the brain where neurons and synapses are intermingled and connectivity is only beginning to be mapped. Here, we discuss the features and function of microglia in the ordered mammalian retina where the laminar organization of neurons and synapses facilitates such molecular studies. We discuss microglia origins and consider the evidence for molecularly distinct microglia subpopulations and their potential for differential roles with a particular focus on the early stages of retina development. We then review the models and methods used for the study of these cells and discuss emerging data that link retina microglia to the genesis and survival of particular retina cell subtypes. We also highlight potential roles for microglia in shaping the development and organization of the vasculature and discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this process. Such insights may help resolve the mechanisms by which retinal microglia impact visual function and help guide studies of related features in brain development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenge Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Danye Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Melanie A Samuel
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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14
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Anderson SR, Roberts JM, Zhang J, Steele MR, Romero CO, Bosco A, Vetter ML. Developmental Apoptosis Promotes a Disease-Related Gene Signature and Independence from CSF1R Signaling in Retinal Microglia. Cell Rep 2019; 27:2002-2013.e5. [PMID: 31091440 PMCID: PMC6544177 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia have important remodeling functions in neurodevelopment, aging, and disease, with evidence for molecular diversity. However, the signaling pathways and environmental cues that drive diverse states of microglia are incompletely understood. We profiled microglia of a discrete developing CNS region, the murine retina. We found distinct transcriptional signatures for retinal microglia across development and peak postnatal density of a population that resembles aging and disease-associated microglia (DAM) and CD11c+ microglia of developing white matter. While TREM2 signaling modulates the expression of select genes, the DAM-related signature is significantly reduced in retinas lacking Bax, a proapoptotic factor required for neuronal death. Furthermore, we found postnatal retinal microglia highly expressing CD11c are resistant to loss or inhibition of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), while most microglia can be eliminated in Bax knockout retina. Thus, developmental apoptosis promotes a microglia gene signature linked to CSF1R independence that shares features with microglia in developing white matter and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Anderson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Roberts
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Michael R Steele
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Cesar O Romero
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alejandra Bosco
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Monica L Vetter
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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15
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Smolders SMT, Kessels S, Vangansewinkel T, Rigo JM, Legendre P, Brône B. Microglia: Brain cells on the move. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 178:101612. [PMID: 30954517 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the biology of microglia - i.e. the fascinating immigrated resident immune cell population of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent literature reviews have largely dealt with the plentiful functions of microglia in CNS homeostasis, development and pathology, and the influences of sex and the microbiome. In this review, the intriguing aspect of their physical plasticity during CNS development will get specific attention. Microglia move around (mobility) and reshape their processes (motility). Microglial migration into and inside the CNS is most prominent throughout development and consequently most of the data described in this review concern mobility and motility in the changing environment of the developing brain. Here, we first define microglia based on their highly specialized age- and region-dependent gene expression signature and associated functional heterogeneity. Next, we describe their origin, the migration route of immature microglial cells towards the CNS, the mechanisms underlying their invasion of the CNS, and their spatiotemporal localization and surveying behaviour inside the developing CNS. These processes are dependent on microglial mobility and motility which are determined by the microenvironment of the CNS. Therefore, we further zoom in on the changing environment during CNS development. We elaborate on the extracellular matrix and the respective integrin receptors on microglia and we discuss the purinergic and molecular signalling in microglial mobility. In the last section, we discuss the physiological and pathological functions of microglia in which mobility and motility are involved to stress the importance of microglial 'movement'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Marie-Thérèse Smolders
- UHasselt, BIOMED, Diepenbeek, Belgium; INSERM, UMR-S 1130, CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Pascal Legendre
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
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16
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Tang M, Luo Z, Wu Y, Zhuang J, Li K, Hu D, Rong H, Xian B, Ge J. BAM15 attenuates transportation-induced apoptosis in iPS-differentiated retinal tissue. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:64. [PMID: 30795805 PMCID: PMC6387563 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background BAM15 is a novel mitochondrial protonophore uncoupler capable of protecting mammals from acute renal ischemic-reperfusion injury and cold-induced microtubule damage. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of BAM15 on apoptosis during 5-day transportation of human-induced pluripotent stem (hiPS)-differentiated retinal tissue. Methods Retinal tissues of 30 days and 60 days were transported with or without BAM15 for 5 days in the laboratory or by real express. Immunofluorescence staining of apoptosis marker cleaved caspase3, proliferation marker Ki67, and neural axon marker NEFL was performed. And expression of apoptotic-related factors p53, NFkappaB, and TNF-a was detected by real-time PCR. Also, location of ganglion cells, photoreceptor cells, amacrine cells, and precursors of neuronal cell types in retinal tissue was stained by immunofluorescence after transportation. Furthermore, cell viability was assessed by CCK8 assay. Results Results showed transportation remarkably intensified expression of apoptotic factor cleaved caspase3, p53, NFkappaB, and TNF-a, which could be reduced by supplement of BAM15. In addition, neurons were severely injured after transportation, with axons manifesting disrupted and tortuous by staining NEFL. And the addition of BAM15 in transportation was able to protect neuronal structure and increase cell viability without affecting subtypes cells location of retinal tissue. Conclusions BAM15 might be used as a protective reagent on apoptosis during transporting retinal tissues, holding great potential in research and clinical applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1151-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Ziming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Yihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Kaijing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Dongpeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Huifeng Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Bikun Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Jian Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
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17
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Abstract
Microglia, the primary resident immune cell type, constitute a key population of glia in the retina. Recent evidence indicates that microglia play significant functional roles in the retina at different life stages. During development, retinal microglia regulate neuronal survival by exerting trophic influences and influencing programmed cell death. During adulthood, ramified microglia in the plexiform layers interact closely with synapses to maintain synaptic structure and function that underlie the retina's electrophysiological response to light. Under pathological conditions, retinal microglia participate in potentiating neurodegeneration in diseases such as glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and age-related neurodegeneration by producing proinflammatory neurotoxic cytokines and removing living neurons via phagocytosis. Modulation of pathogenic microglial activation states and effector mechanisms has been linked to neuroprotection in animal models of retinal diseases. These findings have led to the design of early proof-of-concept clinical trials with microglial modulation as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Silverman
- Unit on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;,
| | - Wai T. Wong
- Unit on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;,
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18
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Huang D, Yang J, Liu X, He L, Luo X, Tian H, Xu T, Zeng J. P2Y 6 receptor activation is involved in the development of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in rats. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 56:156-162. [PMID: 30045810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling in spinal cord microglia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Among all P2 receptors, P2Y6 receptor is expressed in rat dorsal spinal cord. However, it's not clear that the role of P2Y6 receptor in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain rats. We evaluated the effect of repeated intrathecal administration of MRS2578 (selective P2Y6 receptor antagonist) on CCI-induced nociceptive behaviors in rats. After CCI, MRS2578 (10-11-10-4 M) was administration. The thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) and mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) were assessed. The expression of P2Y6 receptor and Iba-1 at rat dorsal spinal cord was observed by using RT-PCR. We found that intrathecal injection of MRS2578 suppressed CCI-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia with a dose-dependent manner. The CCI rats presented increased expression of P2Y6 receptor and Iba-1 at the mRNA level in the ipsilateral dorsal spinal cord than that in sham group. Treatment with either minocycline or SB203580 effectively inhibited P2Y6 receptor expression compared to CCI rats. Intrathecal injection of UDP enhanced mechanical and thermal allodynia than that in CCI group. To the further study, intrathecal injection of UDP causes mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in naive rats. The increased expression of P2Y6 receptor and Iba-1 were observed in UDP-treated rats. Intrathecal injection of MRS2578 alleviates pain response in UDP-treated rats. These observations suggested that P2Y6 receptor in dorsal spinal cord contribute to mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in CCI-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dujuan Huang
- Department of Physiology, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Province 563000, China
| | - Junna Yang
- Department of Physiology, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Province 563000, China
| | - XiaoHong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Province 563000, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Physiology, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Province 563000, China
| | - Xiaomei Luo
- Department of Physiology, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Province 563000, China
| | - Hong Tian
- Department of Physiology, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Province 563000, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Physiology, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Province 563000, China
| | - Junwei Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Province 563000, China.
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