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Ryan NM, Hess JA, de Villena FPM, Leiby BE, Shimada A, Yu L, Yarmahmoodi A, Petrovsky N, Zhan B, Bottazzi ME, Makepeace BL, Lustigman S, Abraham D. Onchocerca volvulus bivalent subunit vaccine induces protective immunity in genetically diverse collaborative cross recombinant inbred intercross mice. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:17. [PMID: 33500417 PMCID: PMC7838260 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tests the hypothesis that an Onchocerca volvulus vaccine, consisting of two recombinant antigens (Ov-103 and Ov-RAL-2) formulated with the combination-adjuvant Advax-2, can induce protective immunity in genetically diverse Collaborative Cross recombinant inbred intercross mice (CC-RIX). CC-RIX lines were immunized with the O. volvulus vaccine and challenged with third-stage larvae. Equal and significant reductions in parasite survival were observed in 7 of 8 CC-RIX lines. Innate protective immunity was seen in the single CC-RIX line that did not demonstrate protective adaptive immunity. Analysis of a wide array of immune factors showed that each line of mice have a unique set of immune responses to vaccination and challenge suggesting that the vaccine is polyfunctional, inducing different equally-protective sets of immune responses based on the genetic background of the immunized host. Vaccine efficacy in genetically diverse mice suggests that it will also be effective in genetically complex human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M Ryan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica A Hess
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin E Leiby
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ayako Shimada
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amir Yarmahmoodi
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Bin Zhan
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, 1102 Bates St, Ste. 550, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, 1102 Bates St, Ste. 550, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin L Makepeace
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
| | - Sara Lustigman
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Lindsey F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 E 67th St, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Abraham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Gimenez BT, Cezarette GN, Bomfim ADS, Monteiro WM, Russo EMDS, Frantz FG, Sampaio SV, Sartim MA. Role of crotoxin in coagulation: novel insights into anticoagulant mechanisms and impairment of inflammation-induced coagulation. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20200076. [PMID: 33293940 PMCID: PMC7702976 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Snake venom phospholipases A2 (svPLA2) are
biologically active toxins, capable of triggering and modulating a wide
range of biological functions. Among the svPLA2s, crotoxin (CTX)
has been in the spotlight of bioprospecting research due to its role in
modulating immune response and hemostasis. In the present study, novel
anticoagulant mechanisms of CTX, and the modulation of inflammation-induced
coagulation were investigated. Methods: CTX anticoagulant activity was evaluated using platelet poor plasma (PPP)
and whole blood (WB), and also using isolated coagulation factors and
complexes. The toxin modulation of procoagulant and pro-inflammatory effects
was evaluated using the expression of tissue factor (TF) and cytokines in
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)
and in WB. Results: The results showed that CTX impaired clot formation in both PPP and WB, and
was responsible for the inhibition of both intrinsic (TF/factor VIIa) and
extrinsic (factor IXa/factor VIIIa) tenase complexes, but not for factor Xa
and thrombin alone. In addition, the PLA2 mitigated the
prothrombinase complex by modulating the coagulation phospholipid role in
the complex. In regards to the inflammation-coagulation cross talk, the
toxin was capable of reducing the production of the pro-inflammatory
cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and was followed by decreased levels of TF
and procoagulant activity from LPS-treated PBMC either isolated or in
WB. Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study recognize the toxin as a novel
medicinal candidate to be applied in inflammatory diseases with coagulation
disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Terada Gimenez
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Neves Cezarette
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline de Sousa Bomfim
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy and Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Amazonas State University, Manaus, AM, Brazil.,Carlos Borborema Clinical Research Institute, Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Elisa Maria de Sousa Russo
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center for Cell-Based Therapy and Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiani Gai Frantz
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurelio Sartim
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Basic and Applied Immunology Graduate Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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Inflammation and coagulation crosstalk induced by BJcuL, a galactose-binding lectin isolated from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 144:296-304. [PMID: 31812742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and coagulopathies are important systemic events following snakebite. Snake venom galactoside-binding lectins (SVgalLs) are known modulators of the immune response with no direct effect on hemostasis. Considering the crosstalk between inflammation and coagulation, the present study investigated how BJcuL, a proinflammatory SVgalL isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom, mediated the inflammation-induced procoagulant activity. We examined the proinflammatory cytokine production and procoagulant tissue factor (TF) activity in human whole blood and monocyte-rich cell suspension (MR-PBMC) treated with BJcuL. This lectin increased production of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, upregulated TF expression on the cell surface, and induced procoagulant activity. The proinflammatory behavior was mediated by the direct interaction between the lectin and toll-like receptor 4, via binding to β-galactoside-containing glycoconjugates on the cell surface, and activation of NFκ-B signaling. Interestingly, the BJcuL-induced inflammation was directly associated with the procoagulant activity of MR-PBMC cells. In whole blood culture, the lectin exhibited similar behavior, i.e. it induced cytokine production and MR-PBMC TF-mediated procoagulant activity. Therefore, the present study is the first report on the inflammation-induced procoagulant activity of SVgalLs, and it indicates that BJcuL is an important factor associated with coagulopathy in patients with snake envenomation.
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CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Axis: A New Player in Coeliac Disease Pathogenesis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112551. [PMID: 31652730 PMCID: PMC6893425 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The CX3CL1–CX3CR1 axis has been related to numerous diseases. The aim of our study was to investigate its involvement in coeliac disease (CD) pathogenesis, particularly in the early phase of the disease. Methods: We collected peripheral blood from CD patients and controls, enrolled in a 3-day gluten challenge, to study soluble CX3CL1, I-TAC and MIG by Luminex, CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 gene expression by qPCR, and CX3CR1 protein expression in monocytes and CD8+, CD4+ and γδ+ T cells, by flow cytometry. We also analysed the expression of the CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 mRNA and protein in the duodenal biopsies of CD patients with active and treated disease, and in non-CD control individuals, by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: After the gluten challenge, increased levels of CX3CL1, I-TAC and MIG proteins were observed in the peripheral blood of CD patients, with no changes in CX3CL1 mRNA, or CX3CR1 mRNA and protein. Regarding duodenal tissue, CX3CL1 was absent or barely present in the superficial and basal epithelium of CD patients, contrasting with the moderate to high levels present in controls. Conclusions: CX3CL1 seems to be involved in the appearance and progression of CD, and it appears to be a potential diagnostic biomarker. Its use as an alternative therapeutic target in CD deserves further research.
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