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Liu X, Chen Y, Yang Y, Su Z, Wang F, Zhanghuang C, Wu Y, Zhang X. Association between FGA gene polymorphisms and coronary artery lesion in Kawasaki disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1193303. [PMID: 37575991 PMCID: PMC10413112 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1193303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the correlation between FGA gene polymorphisms and coronary artery lesion in Kawasaki disease. Methods Two hundred and thirty four children with Kawasaki disease (KD group), 200 healthy children (normal group) and 208 children with non-KD fever (fever group) were enrolled. General clinical indicators, the concentration of serum MMPs, TIMP-1, FG-α,fibrinogen level, molecular function (FMPV/ODmax) and FGA Thr312Ala polymorphism were detected individually by testing peripheral venous blood after fasting in the morning. Results There was no significant difference in average age among the three groups, which were 3.03 ± 1.22 years, 3.17 ± 1.30 years, and 3.21 ± 1.31 years, respectively. Compared with those in the fever group, the levels of white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and fibrinogen (Fg) levels were significantly increased in the KD group. Red blood cell count (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.05).The concentration of serum MMPs, TIMP-1, and FG-α in the KD and fever groups were significantly higher than those in the normal group (p < 0.05). The concentration of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, TIMP-1, and FG-α in the KD group were significantly higher than those in the fever group (p < 0.05).The KD group was divided into two subgroups,55 patients with combined CAL and 179 patients without combined CAL. The plasma fibrinogen concentration in the combined CAL group was significantly higher than that in the non-combined CAL and normal groups (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in FMPV/ODmax among the three groups (p > 0.05). Compared with normal group, the FGA GG, GA, and AA genotype and G, A allele frequency of the FGA gene polymorphism in the KD group showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). In the KD group, the most common type in children with CAL was GA, while the most common type in children without CAL was GG. Conclusion MMPs and FG-α were significantly upregulated in KD patients. The proportion of FGA genotype GA in children with CAL was significantly higher than that in children without CAL, suggesting that FGA gene polymorphisms affect coronary artery lesion in children with KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhu Liu
- Department of Special Needs Ward, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanfei Yang
- Department of Special Needs Ward, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhongjian Su
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chenghao Zhanghuang
- Department of Urology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children’s Health and Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuqin Wu
- Department of Special Needs Ward, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Shahi A, Afzali S, Firoozi Z, Mohaghegh P, Moravej A, Hosseinipour A, Bahmanyar M, Mansoori Y. Potential roles of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:513-532. [PMID: 36649375 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a heterogeneous group of rare illnesses that fall into the vasculitis category and are characterized mostly by blood vessel inflammation. Ischemia and disrupted blood flow will cause harm to the organs whose blood arteries become inflamed. Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most prevalent kind of vasculitis in children aged 5 years or younger. Because KD's cardiovascular problems might persist into adulthood, it is no longer thought of as a self-limiting disease. KD is a systemic vasculitis with unknown initiating factors. Numerous factors, such as genetic predisposition and infectious pathogens, are implicated in the etiology of KD. As endothelial cell damage and inflammation can lead to coronary endothelial dysfunction in KD, some studies hypothesized the crucial role of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of KD. Additionally, pyroptosis-related proteins like caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1 and IL-18, lactic dehydrogenase, and Gasdermin D (GSDMD) have been found to be overexpressed in KD patients when compared to healthy controls. These occurrences may point to an involvement of inflammasomes and pyroptotic cell death in the etiology of KD and suggest potential treatment targets. Based on these shreds of evidence, in this review, we aim to focus on one of the well-defined inflammasomes, NLRP3, and its role in the pathophysiology of KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shahi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Afzali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Firoozi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Poopak Mohaghegh
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Moravej
- Department of Immunology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Hosseinipour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahmanyar
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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Parmar DV, Kansagra KA, Momin T, Patel HB, Jansari GA, Bhavsar J, Shah C, Patel JM, Ghoghari A, Barot A, Sharma B, Viswanathan K, Patel HV, Jain MR. Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of the Oral NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor ZYIL1: First-in-Human Phase 1 Studies (Single Ascending Dose and Multiple Ascending Dose). Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2023; 12:202-211. [PMID: 36065092 PMCID: PMC10087697 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ZYIL1 is a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibitor, which prevents NLRP3-induced apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain oligomerization, thus inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. We investigated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiles of ZYIL1 after single and multiple doses in healthy subjects. The subjects aged 18-55 years were enrolled in 2 different studies: single and multiple ascending dose. Blood/urine samples were collected at designated time points for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis. In the single-ascending-dose study, 30 subjects were enrolled (6 subjects each in 5 dose groups). One adverse event was reported during the study. ZYIL1 was well absorbed with median time to maximum plasma concentration at 1-1.5 hours. The exposures were dose proportional across the dose ranges. ZYIL1 is excreted as an unchanged form via the renal route. The mean elimination half-life was 6-7 hours. In the multiple-ascending-dose study, 18 subjects were enrolled (6 subjects each in 3 dose groups). Eleven adverse events were reported by 6 subjects during the study. The accumulation index at steady state for area under the plasma concentration-time curve indicated that ZYIL1 has a marginal accumulation upon repeated dosing. Dose-proportional exposure was observed across the dose ranges. All subjects showed >90% interleukin (IL)-1β inhibition in all dose groups for both studies. Inhibition in IL-1β and IL-18 was observed throughout the 14 days of treatment in the multiple-dose study. The safety profile, rapid absorption, marginal accumulation, and significant inhibition of IL-1β and IL-18 level support its development for the management of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taufik Momin
- Zydus Therapeutics Inc, Pennington, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hardik B Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Gaurav A Jansari
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jay Bhavsar
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Chintan Shah
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jayesh M Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashok Ghoghari
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ajay Barot
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavesh Sharma
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Harilal V Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Mukul R Jain
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Identifying differentially expressed genes and miRNAs in Kawasaki disease by bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21879. [PMID: 36536067 PMCID: PMC9763244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic immune vasculitis caused by infection, and its etiology and underlying mechanisms are not completely clear. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with diagnostic and treatment potential for KD using bioinformatics analysis. In this study, three KD datasets (GSE68004, GSE73461, GSE18606) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Identification of DEGs between normal and KD whole blood was performed using the GEO2R online tool. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis of DEGs was undertaken with Metascape. Analysis and visualization of protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) were carried out with STRING and Cytoscape. Lastly, miRNA-genes regulatory networks were built by Cytoscape to predict the underlying microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with DEGs. Overall, 269 DEGs were identified, including 230 up-regulated and 39 down-regulated genes. The enrichment functions and pathways of DEGs involve regulation of defense response, inflammatory response, response to bacterium, and T cell differentiation. KEGG analysis indicates that the genes were significantly enriched in Neutrophil extracellular trap formation, TNF signaling pathway, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and Primary immunodeficiency. After combining the results of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and CytoHubba, 9 hub genes were selected, including TLR8, ITGAX, HCK, LILRB2, IL1B, FCGR2A, S100A12, SPI1, and CD8A. Based on the DEGs-miRNAs network construction, 3 miRNAs including mir-126-3p, mir-375 and mir-146a-5p were determined to be potential key miRNAs. To summarize, a total of 269 DEGs, 9 hub genes and 3 miRNAs were identified, which could be considered as KD biomarkers. However, further studies are needed to clarify the biological roles of these genes in KD.
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Mahsa Mahmoudinezhad Dezfouli S, Salehi S, Khosravi S. Pathogenic and therapeutic roles of cytokines in Kawasaki diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 532:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tian F, Ma L, Zhao R, Ji L, Wang X, Sun W, Jiang Y. Correlation Between Matrix Metalloproteinases With Coronary Artery Lesion Caused by Kawasaki Disease. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:802217. [PMID: 35223694 PMCID: PMC8874123 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.802217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to clarify the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in coronary artery lesions (CAL). Serum samples were acquired from healthy, febrile, and Kawasaki disease (KD) children with or without CAL. Standard blood parameters were examined and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy was conducted on the KD patients and the changes of MMPs before and after treatment were compared. The correlations between MMP levels and clinical parameters were also evaluated. Compared to febrile and healthy controls, KD patients demonstrated clinical signs characteristic of abnormal immunoregulation. However, the clinical parameters of KD patients with or without CAL were not significantly different. MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels, however, were significantly higher in KD patients with CAL than those without CAL. IVIG treatment effectively downregulated the levels of MMPs in KD patients, which was more prominent in those with CAL. Significant correlations were found between MMP levels and some clinical parameters of KD, such as fever time, white blood cell count, etc. The upregulation of MMPs significantly correlates with coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) in KD patients, making it important biomarkers of CAL in KD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tian
- Heart Center of Women and Children Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Linxi Ma
- Nanchang University Queen Mary School, Nanchang, China
| | - Renbing Zhao
- Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Lijuan Ji
- Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Xiufen Wang
- Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Wenli Sun
- Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is a previously unrecognized and potentially catastrophic illness that appears in children who have been exposed to or diagnosed with COVID-19. As healthcare agents and members of the community, nurses are positioned to assist in identifying children who may experience previously unrecognized complications of infection from the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Greenway
- Andrew Greenway is a clinical nurse specialist, burn/trauma, at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital in Piermont, N.Y. At NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York, N.Y., Holly Macklay is a family NP, burn unit; Kevin Xuereb is a clinical manager, women's health; and Linda Gibbons is director of nursing, women's health, and burn services
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Complement 3 and the Prognostic Nutritional Index Distinguish Kawasaki Disease from Other Fever Illness with a Nomogram. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8090825. [PMID: 34572257 PMCID: PMC8466424 DOI: 10.3390/children8090825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to establish a model to distinguish Kawasaki disease (KD) from other fever illness using the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and immunological factors. Method: We enrolled a total of 692 patients (including 198 with KD and 494 children with febrile diseases). Of those, 415 patients were selected to be the training group and 277 patients to be the validation group. Laboratory data, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and immunological factors, were retrospectively collected for an analysis after admission. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regressions and nomograms for the analysis. Result: Patients with KD showed significantly higher C3 and a lower PNI. After a multivariate logistic regression, the total leukocyte count, PNI, C3, and NLR showed a significance (p < 0.05) and then performed well with the nomogram model. The areas under the ROC in the training group and the validation group were 0.858 and 0.825, respectively. The calibration curves of the two groups for the probability of KD showed a near agreement to the actual probability. Conclusions: Compared with children with febrile diseases, patients with KD showed increased C3 and a decreased nutritional index of the PNI. The nomogram established with these factors could effectively identify KD from febrile illness in children.
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9
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Yang CA, Huang YL, Chiang BL. Innate immune response analysis in COVID-19 and kawasaki disease reveals MIS-C predictors. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:623-632. [PMID: 34193364 PMCID: PMC8214167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The association between dysregulated innate immune responses seen in Kawasaki disease (KD) with predisposition to Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) remains unclear. We aimed to compare the innate immunity transcriptome signature between COVID-19 and KD, and to analyze the interactions of these molecules with genes known to predispose to KD. METHODS Transcriptome datasets of COVID-19 and KD cohorts (E-MTAB-9357, GSE-63881, GSE-68004) were downloaded from ArrayExpress for innate immune response analyses. Network analysis was used to determine enriched pathways of interactions. RESULTS Upregulations of IRAK4, IFI16, STING, STAT3, PYCARD, CASP1, IFNAR1 and CD14 genes were observed in blood cells of acute SARS-CoV-2 infections with moderate severity. In the same patient group, increased expressions of TLR2, TLR7, IRF3, and CD36 were also noted in blood drawn a few days after COVID-19 diagnosis. Elevated blood PYCARD level was associated with severe COVID-19 in adults. Similar gene expression signature except differences in TLR8, NLRP3, STING and IRF3 levels was detected in KD samples. Network analysis on innate immune genes and genes associated with KD susceptibility identified enriched pathways of interactions. Furthermore, higher expression levels of KD susceptibility genes HLA-DOB, PELI1 and FCGR2A correlated with COVID-19 of different severities. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that most enriched innate immune response pathways were shared between transcriptomes of KD and COVID-19 with moderate severity. Genetic polymorphisms associated with innate immune dysregulation and KD susceptibility, together with variants in STING and STAT3, might predict COVID-19 severity and potentially susceptibility to COVID-19 related MIS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-An Yang
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Divisions of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Zhubei City, Hsinchu County, 302, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Huang
- Divisions of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Zhubei City, Hsinchu County, 302, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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The IL-1B Gene Polymorphisms rs16944 and rs1143627 Contribute to an Increased Risk of Coronary Artery Lesions in Southern Chinese Children with Kawasaki Disease. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:4730507. [PMID: 31093510 PMCID: PMC6481016 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4730507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic form of self-limited vasculitis in children less than five years old, and the main complication is coronary artery injury. However, the etiology of KD remains unclear. The IL-1B polymorphisms rs16944 GG and rs1143627 AA and their diplotype GA/GA have been associated with significantly increased risk of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance in a Taiwanese population, but the relationship between rs16944 A/G and rs1143627 G/A and coronary artery lesions (CALs) in patients with KD has not been investigated. The present study is aimed at investigating whether the rs16944 A/G and rs1143627 G/A polymorphisms in IL-1B were associated with KD susceptibility and CALs in a southern Chinese population. Methods and Results We recruited 719 patients with KD and 1401 healthy children. Multiplex PCR was used to assess the genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including two SNPs of IL-1B, rs16944 A/G and rs1143627 G/A. According to the results, no significant association was observed between the IL-1B (rs16944 and rs1143627) polymorphisms and KD risk in the patients compared with the healthy controls in our southern Chinese population. However, in further stratified analysis, we found that children younger than 12 months with the rs16944 GG and rs1143627 AA genotypes of IL-1B had a higher risk of CALs than those with the AA/AG genotypes of rs16944 and GG/AG genotypes of rs1143627 (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.32-3.95, P = 0.0032, adjusted OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.34-4.04, P = 0.0027). Conclusions Our results indicated that there was no association between the rs16944 A/G and rs1143627 G/A gene polymorphisms and KD susceptibility. However, the rs16944 GG and rs1143627 AA genotypes of IL-1B may significantly impact the risk of CAL formation in children younger than 12 months, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of KD. These findings need further validation in multicenter studies with larger sample sizes.
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Barrachina MN, Calderón-Cruz B, Fernandez-Rocca L, García Á. Application of Extracellular Vesicles Proteomics to Cardiovascular Disease: Guidelines, Data Analysis, and Future Perspectives. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800247. [PMID: 30467982 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of vesicles composed of a lipid bilayer that carry a large repertoire of molecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In this review, some guidelines for plasma-derived EVs isolation, characterization, and proteomic analysis, and the application of the above to cardiovascular disease (CVD) studies are provided. For EVs analysis, blood samples should be collected using a 21-gauge needle, preferably in citrate tubes, and plasma stored for up to 1 year at -80°, using a single freeze-thaw cycle. For proteomic applications, differential centrifugation (including ultracentrifugation steps) is a good option for EVs isolation. EVs characterization is done by transmission electron microscopy, particle enumeration techniques (nanoparticle-tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering), and flow cytometry. Regarding the proteomics strategy, a label-free and gel-free quantitative method is a good choice due to its accuracy and because it minimizes the amount of sample required for clinical applications. Besides the above, main EVs proteomic findings in cardiovascular-related diseases are presented and analyzed in this review, paying especial attention to overlapping results between studies. The latter might offer new insights into the clinical relevance and potential of novel EVs biomarkers identified to date in the context of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N Barrachina
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación, Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Beatriz Calderón-Cruz
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación, Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Lucía Fernandez-Rocca
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Maciel Hospital, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic, Montevideo, 11000, Uruguay
| | - Ángel García
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación, Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
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12
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Nakamura A, Ikeda K, Hamaoka K. Aetiological Significance of Infectious Stimuli in Kawasaki Disease. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:244. [PMID: 31316950 PMCID: PMC6611380 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a pediatric vasculitis syndrome that is often involves coronary artery lesions (e. g., coronary artery aneurysms). Although its causal factors and entire pathogenesis remain elusive, the available evidence indicates that the pathogenesis of KD is closely associated with dysregulation of immune responses to various viruses or microbes. In this short review, we address several essential aspects of the etiology of KD with respect to the immune response to infectious stimuli: 1) the role of viral infections, 2) the role of bacterial infections and the superantigen hypothesis, 3) involvement of innate immune response including pathogens/microbe-associated molecular patterns and complement pathways, and 4) the influence of genetic background on the response to infectious stimuli. Based on the clinical and experimental evidence, we discuss the possibility that a wide range of microbes and viruses could cause KD through common and distinct immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nakamura
- Central Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ikeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Hamaoka
- Pediatric Cardiology and Kawasaki Disease Center, Uji-Tokushukai Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
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13
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Mărginean CO, Meliț LE, Gozar L, Mărginean CD, Mărginean MO. Incomplete Refractory Kawasaki Disease in an Infant-A Case Report and a Review of the Literature. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:210. [PMID: 30101141 PMCID: PMC6074057 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a febrile vasculitis, which is commonly defined by fever and at least four specific clinical symptoms. Incomplete KD is defined by suggestive echocardiographic findings with an incomplete clinical picture. Refractory KD is diagnosed in patients resistant to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). We report the case of a 6-month-old male infant admitted to our clinic for persistent fever and onset of a generalized polymorphous rash, accompanied by high fever, rhinorrhea, and cough for the past 7 days. The laboratory tests, on the day of admission, revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia, anemia, thrombocytosis, hypernatremia, hypoalbuminemia, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Echocardiography showed dilation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Based on all these findings, we established the diagnosis of KD, and we initiated IVIG and intravenous pulsed methylprednisolone, with an initial favorable outcome. However, the symptoms reappeared, and we administered a second higher single dose of IVIG, but without any clinical improvement. Moreover, the laboratory parameters and echocardiographic findings worsened. We reinitiated a longer course of intravenous methylprednisolone in a smaller dose, which had a favorable impact on the clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic parameters. Multiple uncertainties exist related to the management of refractory KD despite the wide spectrum of therapeutic options that have been proposed. Our case demonstrates that in patients refractory to aggressive initial therapy, low or moderate doses of steroid given daily may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina O Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy TîrguMures, Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Lorena E Meliț
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy TîrguMures, Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Liliana Gozar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy TîrguMures, Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Cristian Dan Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy TîrguMures, Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Maria O Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy TîrguMures, Târgu Mures, Romania
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