CT of the paraumbilical and ensiform veins in patients with superior vena cava or left brachiocephalic vein obstruction

Sectorial Hypermetabolic Pseudolesion in the Liver on FDG PET/CT Caused by SVC Obstruction

ABSTRACT

Hepatic pseudolesions are relatively frequent in contrast-enhanced CT or MR images, attributable to the unique intrahepatic hemodynamics. It is also well documented that focal liver uptake can result from unusual collateral circulation on radionuclide liver scans. This report presents a case of sectorial hepatic hypermetabolism identified via FDG PET/CT, correlating with areas of increased attenuation in the liver observed on contrast-enhanced chest CT in a patient with lung cancer complicated by superior vena cava obstruction. Notably, the nonphysiological hypermetabolic activity was resolved on subsequent FDG PET/CT imaging conducted 2 days later, following alteration of the tracer injection route.

CT and MR imaging of the properitoneal fat pad: a pictorial essay

The properitoneal fat pad is a distinctive anatomical structure located in the midline of anterior abdominal wall between the transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum. It has variable size and configuration depending on the gender and nutritional status of individuals, but CT and MR images of the upper abdomen can readily depict its shape and adipose composition. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate the CT and MRI features of normal properitoneal fat pad, and the spectrum of pathological processes that affect it among patients. This information can be relevant to the practicing radiologists and clinicians for the correct diagnosis and management of such conditions because most lesions of this fat pad produce nonspecific symptoms.

Surgical Anatomy of the Liver-Significance in Ovarian Cancer Surgery

INTRODUCTION

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among all gynecological malignancies. Most patients present with an advanced stage of the disease. The routes of spread in ovarian cancer include peritoneal dissemination, direct invasion, and lymphatic or hematogenous spread, with peritoneal and lymphatic spread being the most common among them. The flow direction of the peritoneal fluid makes the right subphrenic space a target site for peritoneal metastases, and the most frequently affected anatomical area in advanced cases is the right upper quadrant. Complete cytoreduction with no macroscopically visible disease is the most important prognostic factor.

METHODS

We reviewed published clinical anatomy reports associated with surgery of the liver in cases of advanced ovarian cancer.

RESULTS

The disease could disseminate anatomical areas, where complex surgery is required-Morrison's pouch, the liver surface, or porta hepatis. The aim of the present article is to emphasize and delineate the gross anatomy of the liver and its surgical application for oncogynecologists. Moreover, the association between the gross and microscopic anatomy of the liver is discussed. Additionally, the vascular supply and variations of the liver are clearly described.

CONCLUSIONS

Oncogynecologists performing liver mobilization, diaphragmatic stripping, and porta hepatis dissection must have a thorough knowledge of liver anatomy, including morphology, variations, functional status, potential diagnostic imaging mistakes, and anatomical limits of dissection.

Focal Liver 18F-FDG Uptake in a Patient Who Underwent Thrombolysis for Brachiocephalic and Subclavian Thrombosis: A Potential Pitfall

ABSTRACT

A 19-year-old woman presented with a primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma invading the superior vena cava with associated thrombosis of the left brachiocephalic and subclavian vein. She underwent thrombolysis followed by chemotherapy. The midtreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated important regression of the primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, but showed intense focal hepatic uptake in segment IV, without a corresponding lesion on ultrasonography, non-contrast-enhanced low-dose CT, and MRI. This focal uptake disappeared on a subsequent 18F-FDG PET/CT study when the radiotracer was injected in the foot, suggesting an anomalous venous return pathway that persisted despite thrombolysis.

Hepatic "hot-spot" on angio-computed tomography: the role of inferior Sappey's and ensiform veins

Hepatic "hot spots" in anterior paraumbilical hepatic segments of patients suffering from superior vena cava syndrome may be revealed by angio-computed tomography. They may be due to a collateralizing system, the epigastric-paraumbilical venous system (EPVS), which enters the liver as a "third inflow". We report a typical case emphasizing the role of the ensiform and inferior Sappey's veins which constitute typical anatomic components of the EPVS.

Caval-portal anastomosis via Sappey superior veins with pseudolesion in segment IV a of the liver: a case report

The article describes unusual caval-portal anastomosis via paraumbilical veins, which has resulted in the hepatic pseudolesion around the falciform ligament. We present a case of a 41-year-old male diagnosed with superior vena cava syndrome. Abdominal CT identified hypervascular pseudolesion from the Sappey superior veins.