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Forsdike K, Hooker L, Laslett AM. Ugly side of the beautiful game: the football world cup and domestic violence. BMJ 2022; 379:o3021. [PMID: 36526294 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.o3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Forsdike
- La Trobe Business School, La Trobe University, Australia
- La Trobe Violence Against Women Research Network, Australia
| | - Leesa Hooker
- La Trobe Rural Health School, Australia
- Judith Lumley Centre, Australia
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Forsdike K, O'Sullivan G, Hooker L. Major sports events and domestic violence: A systematic review. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e3670-e3685. [PMID: 36129100 PMCID: PMC10087409 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased rates of domestic violence (DV) have been associated with events such as public holidays, seasonal variations, disasters and economic crises. Sport is seen as gendered, exemplifying hegemonic masculinity and associated violence, with the link between sporting culture and violence against women well recognised. This paper reports on a systematic review of empirical research literature exploring the link between major sporting events and incidence of DV. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus and Proquest Central databases from inception to December 2020 for quantitative studies examining major sports events and reports of DV using a pre-post comparison design. Study quality was assessed using the Kmet quality assessment tool. The review identified 1445 records following duplicate removal. Once screened and assessed for eligibility, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results are presented qualitatively due to the heterogeneity across studies. Most studies originated in North America and the United Kingdom, used police records as their data source for measuring incidences of DV and few looked beyond the day of the sports event for recorded incidences of DV. Studies reviewed suggested that there is an association between certain major sports events and increased reporting of DV. However, studies' findings conflicted with regards to whether increases were associated with contact sports, the rivalry between competing teams, whether the events were emotionally salient and whether alcohol was a contributing factor. In conclusion, there is limited research globally. Heterogeneity and conflicting findings mean that more research is needed to understand the associations and inform community prevention/interventions to address DV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Forsdike
- Centre for Sport and Social Impact, La Trobe Business SchoolLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Grant O'Sullivan
- Centre for Sport and Social Impact, La Trobe Business SchoolLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Leesa Hooker
- La Trobe Rural Health SchoolLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and MidwiferyLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Describing the indirect impact of COVID-19 on healthcare utilisation using syndromic surveillance systems. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2019. [PMID: 34740346 PMCID: PMC8571013 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since the end of January 2020, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has been responsible for a global health crisis. In England a number of non-pharmaceutical interventions have been introduced throughout the pandemic, including guidelines on healthcare attendance (for example, promoting remote consultations), increased handwashing and social distancing. These interventions are likely to have impacted the incidence of non–COVID-19 conditions as well as healthcare seeking behaviour. Syndromic Surveillance Systems offer the ability to monitor trends in healthcare usage over time. Methods This study describes the indirect impact of COVID-19 on healthcare utilisation using a range of syndromic indicators including eye conditions, mumps, fractures, herpes zoster and cardiac conditions. Data from the syndromic surveillance systems monitored by Public Health England were used to describe the number of contacts with NHS 111, general practitioner (GP) In Hours (GPIH) and Out-of-Hours (GPOOH), Ambulance and Emergency Department (ED) services over comparable periods before and during the pandemic. Results The peak pandemic period in 2020 (weeks 13–20), compared to the same period in 2019, displayed on average a 12% increase in NHS 111 calls, an 11% decrease in GPOOH consultations, and a 49% decrease in ED attendances. In the GP In Hours system, conjunctivitis consultations decreased by 64% and mumps consultations by 31%. There was a 49% reduction in attendance at EDs for fractures, and there was no longer any weekend increase in ED fracture attendances, with similar attendance patterns observed across each day of the week. There was a decrease in the number of ED attendances with diagnoses of myocardial ischaemia. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic drastically impacted healthcare utilisation for non-COVID-19 conditions, due to a combination of a probable decrease in incidence of certain conditions and changes in healthcare seeking behaviour. Syndromic surveillance has a valuable role in describing and understanding these trends. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12117-5.
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Antkowiak PS, Stenson BA, Strout TD, Stack CD, Joseph JW, Chiu DT, Sanchez LD. A retrospective multistate analysis: Do regional football games impact emergency department patient volume? J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2021; 2:e12551. [PMID: 34590076 PMCID: PMC8460551 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the effect of National Football League (NFL) games played by a regional sports team, the New England Patriots, on emergency department (ED) patient volume. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, retrospective chart review at the following 3 tertiary centers in New England from 2012 to 2019: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME. RESULTS Within the NFL season, we observed a 2.6% overall decrease (-10.4 patients) in average total daily volume across the study sites on Sundays when Patriots games were played compared with Sundays when games were not played (P = 0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], -22.37 to 1.62). We observed a 4.3% reduction (-19.0 patients) in average total daily volume across the study sites on Mondays during which Patriots games were played compared with Mondays without games (P = 0.15; 95% CI, -43.51 to 5.47). Subanalyses on the 5-hour period corresponding with each Patriots game showed reductions in mean patient volume per hour. Although our primary and subanalyses showed reductions in patient volume during Patriots games, these results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our data support prior studies that showed a minimal impact of major sporting events on ED patient volume at tertiary centers. These results add to the limited data on this topic and can inform administrators whether staffing adjustments are necessary during similar types of sporting events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S. Antkowiak
- Department of Emergency MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Bryan A. Stenson
- Department of Emergency MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tania D. Strout
- Department of Emergency MedicineMaine Medical CenterPortlandMaineUSA
| | - Colin D. Stack
- Department of Emergency MedicineDartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanonNew HampshireUSA
| | - Joshua W. Joseph
- Department of Emergency MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - David T. Chiu
- Department of Emergency MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Leon D. Sanchez
- Department of Emergency MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital/FaulknerBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Delany C, Crilly J, Ranse J. Drug- and alcohol-related emergency department patient presentations during the 2018 Commonwealth Games: A multi-site retrospective analysis. Emerg Med Australas 2021; 33:826-833. [PMID: 33675178 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of the 2018 Commonwealth Games on ED patient presentations related to drug(s) and/or alcohol. METHODS Retrospective observational study comparing ED patient presentations made pre, during and post the 2018 Commonwealth Games with either an International Classification of Diseases-10 diagnosis or presenting complaint related to drug and or alcohol misuse. RESULTS Drug- and alcohol-related presentations accounted for 5% (n = 890) of all ED presentations across the 36-day study period with no significant difference between pre (n = 312), during (n = 301) and post (n = 277) periods (P = 0.2). Overall, drug- and alcohol-related patient presentations made to the EDs tended to be young (median age 35 years, interquartile range 24-48), Australian (n = 820, 92%) and male (n = 493, 55%). The majority arrived by ambulance (n = 650, 73%), were allocated an Australasian Triage Scale category of 3 (n = 505, 57%), and arrived between 15.00 and 22.59 hours (n = 365, 41%). No demographic characteristics, ED characteristics or outcomes differed significantly over time. CONCLUSIONS During the 2018 Commonwealth Games, minimal impact on the ED was noted pertaining to drug and alcohol misuse. Further research is required to understand whether this held true for other types of ED presentations and during other types and locations of mass gathering events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Delany
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julia Crilly
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jamie Ranse
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Hughes HE, Edeghere O, O'Brien SJ, Vivancos R, Elliot AJ. Emergency department syndromic surveillance systems: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1891. [PMID: 33298000 PMCID: PMC7724621 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syndromic surveillance provides public health intelligence to aid in early warning and monitoring of public health impacts (e.g. seasonal influenza), or reassurance when an impact has not occurred. Using information collected during routine patient care, syndromic surveillance can be based on signs/symptoms/preliminary diagnoses. This approach makes syndromic surveillance much timelier than surveillance requiring laboratory confirmed diagnoses. The provision of healthcare services and patient access to them varies globally. However, emergency departments (EDs) exist worldwide, providing unscheduled urgent care to people in acute need. This provision of care makes ED syndromic surveillance (EDSyS) a potentially valuable tool for public health surveillance internationally. The objective of this study was to identify and describe the key characteristics of EDSyS systems that have been established and used globally. METHODS We systematically reviewed studies published in peer review journals and presented at International Society of Infectious Disease Surveillance conferences (up to and including 2017) to identify EDSyS systems which have been created and used for public health purposes. Search criteria developed to identify "emergency department" and "syndromic surveillance" were applied to NICE healthcare, Global Health and Scopus databases. RESULTS In total, 559 studies were identified as eligible for inclusion in the review, comprising 136 journal articles and 423 conference abstracts/papers. From these studies we identified 115 EDSyS systems in 15 different countries/territories across North America, Europe, Asia and Australasia. Systems ranged from local surveillance based on a single ED, to comprehensive national systems. National EDSyS systems were identified in 8 countries/territories: 2 reported inclusion of ≥85% of ED visits nationally (France and Taiwan). CONCLUSIONS EDSyS provides a valuable tool for the identification and monitoring of trends in severe illness. Technological advances, particularly in the emergency care patient record, have enabled the evolution of EDSyS over time. EDSyS reporting has become closer to 'real-time', with automated, secure electronic extraction and analysis possible on a daily, or more frequent basis. The dissemination of methods employed and evidence of successful application to public health practice should be encouraged to support learning from best practice, enabling future improvement, harmonisation and collaboration between systems in future. PROSPERO NUMBER CRD42017069150 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Hughes
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, Field Service, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Birmingham, UK.
- Farr Institute@HeRC, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Obaghe Edeghere
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, Field Service, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Birmingham, UK
- Field Epidemiology West Midlands, Field Service, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah J O'Brien
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Roberto Vivancos
- Field Epidemiology North West, Field Service, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alex J Elliot
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, Field Service, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Birmingham, UK
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Using emergency department syndromic surveillance to investigate the impact of a national vaccination program: A retrospective observational study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240021. [PMID: 33031389 PMCID: PMC7544051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rotavirus infection is a common cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide, with a high mortality burden in developing countries, particularly during the first two years of life. Rotavirus vaccination was introduced into the United Kingdom childhood vaccination schedule in July 2013, with high coverage (>90%) achieved by June 2016. We used an emergency department (ED) syndromic surveillance system to assess the impact of the rotavirus vaccination programme, specifically through the demonstration of any immediate and continuing impact on ED gastroenteritis visits in England. Methods This retrospective, observational study used syndromic surveillance data collected from 3 EDs in the two years before (July 2011—June 2013) and 3 years post (July 2013—June 2016) introduction of rotavirus vaccination. The weekly levels of ED visits for gastroenteritis (by age group and in total) during the period before rotavirus vaccination was first described alongside the findings of laboratory surveillance of rotavirus during the same period. An interrupted time-series analysis was then performed to demonstrate the impact of rotavirus vaccination introduction on gastroenteritis ED visit levels. Results During the two years before vaccine introduction ED visits for gastroenteritis in total and for the 0–4 years age group were seen to rise and fall in line with the seasonal rotavirus increases reported by laboratory surveillance. ED gastroenteritis visits by young children were lower in the three years following introduction of rotavirus vaccination (reduced from 8% of visits to 6% of visits). These attendance levels in young children (0-4years) remained higher than in older age groups, however the previously large seasonal increases in children were greatly reduced, from peaks of 16% to 3–10% of ED visits per week. Conclusions ED syndromic surveillance demonstrated a reduction in gastroenteritis visits following rotavirus vaccine introduction. This work establishes ED syndromic surveillance as a platform for rapid impact assessment of future vaccine programmes.
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Desai SM, Guyette FX, Martin-Gill C, Jadhav AP. Collateral damage - Impact of a pandemic on stroke emergency services. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:104988. [PMID: 32689650 PMCID: PMC7284271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic's impact on stroke care is two-fold — direct impact of the infection and indirect impact on non-COVID-19 diseases. Anecdotal evidence and clinical observation suggest that there is a decrease in the number of patients presenting with stroke during the pandemic. We aim to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the utilization of stroke emergency services on a single comprehensive stroke center (CSC). Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database and compared all emergency department (ED) encounters, acute stroke admissions (including TIA), and thrombectomy cases admitted in March 2017-2019 to patients admitted in March 2020 at a comprehensive stroke center. Results Number of total ED encounters (22%, p=0.005), acute ischemic strokes (40%, p=0.001), and TIAs (60%, p=0.163) decreased between March of 2017–2019 compared to March of 2020. The number of patients undergoing EVT in March 2020 was comparable to March 2017–2019 (p=0.430). Conclusion A pandemic-related stay-at-home policy reduces the utilization of stroke emergency services at a CSC. This effect appears to be more prominent for ED encounters, all stroke admissions and TIAs, and less impactful for severe strokes. Given the relatively low prevalence of COVID-19 cases in our region, this decrement is likely related to healthcare seeking behavior rather than capacity saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashvat M Desai
- Departments of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15218, United States.
| | - Francis X Guyette
- Departments of Emergency, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Christian Martin-Gill
- Departments of Emergency, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Ashutosh P Jadhav
- Departments of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15218, United States; Departments of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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Drug and Alcohol Related Patient Presentations to Emergency Departments during Sporting Mass-Gathering Events: An Integrative Review. Prehosp Disaster Med 2020; 35:298-304. [PMID: 32209146 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x20000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug and alcohol consumption at sporting mass-gathering events (MGEs) has become part of the spectator culture in some countries. The direct and indirect effects of drug and alcohol intoxication at such MGEs has proven problematic to in-event health services as well as local emergency departments (EDs). With EDs already under significant strain from increasing patient presentations, resulting in access block, it is important to understand the impact of sporting and other MGEs on local health services to better inform future planning and provision of health care delivery. AIM The aim of this review was to explore the impact of sporting MGEs on local health services with a particular focus on drug and alcohol related presentations. METHOD A well-established integrative literature review methodology was undertaken. Six electronic databases and the Prehospital and Disaster Medicine (PDM) journal were searched to identify primary articles related to the aim of the review. Articles were included if published in English, from January 2008 through July 2019, and focused on a sporting MGE, mass-gathering health, EDs, as well as drug and alcohol related presentations. RESULTS Seven papers met the criteria for inclusion with eight individual sporting MGEs reported. The patient presentation rate (PPR) to in-event health services ranged from 0.18/1,000 at a rugby game to 41.9/1,000 at a recreational bicycle ride. The transport to hospital rate (TTHR) ranged from 0.02/1,000 to 19/1,000 at the same events. Drug and alcohol related presentations from sporting MGEs contributed up to 10% of ED presentations. Alcohol was a contributing factor in up to 25% of cases of ambulance transfers. CONCLUSIONS Drug and alcohol intoxication has varying levels of impact on PPR, TTHR, and ED presentation numbers depending on the type of sporting MGE. More research is needed to understand if drug and alcohol intoxication alone influences PPR, TTHR, and ED presentations or if it is multifactorial. Inconsistent data collection and reporting methods make it challenging to compare different sporting MGEs and propose generalizations. It is imperative that future studies adopt more consistent methods and report drug and alcohol data to better inform resource allocation and care provision.
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Correia JC, Braillard O, Combescure C, Gerstel E, Spechbach H. Admission rates in emergency departments in Geneva during tennis broadcasting: a retrospective study. BMC Emerg Med 2018; 18:56. [PMID: 30545304 PMCID: PMC6293595 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-018-0209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Literature provides mixed results regarding the influence of large-scale sporting events on emergency department attendance. To contribute to the research on the subject, we sought to evaluate whether the broadcasting of major tennis tournaments, one of the most popular sports in Switzerland, has an impact on patient admission rates in emergency units in Geneva including 1) type of match 2) the role of a Swiss player, 3) degree of triage, 4) reason of attendance and 5) age of patients. Methods Admission rates between periods with tennis matches regarding the semi-finals and finals of 3 major tennis tournaments were compared to equivalent periods without matches from May 2013 to August 2017. Patient admission data was retrieved retrospectively from administrative databases of two Outpatient Emergency Units in Geneva. Patients’ admission rates in periods with and without a tennis match were investigated using a negative binomial regression model with mixed effects. Results We observed a statistically significant decrease (− 10%, 95% CI -17 to − 2, p = 0.015) in admission rates in periods with a tennis match compared to periods without a tennis match, more pronounced during finals (− 15%, 95% CI -26 to − 3, p = 0.017) than during semi-finals (− 7%, − 16 to 2, p = 0.13). In addition, this effect was more pronounced in patients aged between 26 to 64 years of age, a category representing professionnally active people. No modification in the admission rates was detected in the hours preceding and following the matches, nor in type of consultations (traumatology vs non traumatology related admissions). Conclusion Although modest, the results support the hypothesis that the broadcasting of large-scale sporting events such as tennis matches decreases admission rates in emergency units. Further research is required to explore for a potential causal relationship. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12873-018-0209-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge César Correia
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Primary and Emergency Care, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Olivia Braillard
- Division of Primary Care, Department of Community Medicine, Primary and Emergency Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Combescure
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Health and Community Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Gerstel
- Hirslanden Clinique La Colline, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Spechbach
- Division of Primary Care, Department of Community Medicine, Primary and Emergency Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
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