Validation of a Portuguese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile adapted to people with mild intellectual disabilities (OHIP-14-MID-PT)

Exploring Oral Health Related Quality of Life in Rett Syndrome Using Directed Content Analysis

No validated oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) instrument currently exists for those with severe intellectual and developmental disabilities and who communicate non-verbally. This qualitative study aimed to explore the domains that were important to the oral health-related quality of life in individuals with Rett syndrome (RTT). In 2021, following purposive sampling, recorded interviews were conducted with parents of individuals with a confirmed MECP2 mutation in the Australian RTT database (n = 31). Interview questions covered experiences of oral problems, the impacts of their daughter's oral health on other aspects of her life and on the lives of others, and on the family's quality of life. Directed content analysis was conducted. Seven domains were identified around the impacts of oral health on the child- discomfort, pain, eating, activities of daily living, emotional well-being, social well-being, and provision of services- affecting impacts on the patient. Five domains related to impacts on the family- emotions, activities, family function, conflict, and morale and self-efficacy to facilitate oral healthcare. The findings of this study pave the way for developing targeted OHRQOL measures for patients with RTT to understand and measure oral health impacts.

Cross-cultural adaptations of the oral health impact profile - An assessment of global availability of 4-dimensional oral health impact characterization

OBJECTIVE

The 4-dimensional (4D) structure of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), comprising of the dimensions Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact, is clinically plausible and psychometrically solid. The original Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) instrument and its short-form versions have been proven to lend themselves well to the assessment of these 4 OHRQoL dimensions. However, whether this 4-dimensional approach to oral health impact characterization can be performed on a global scale, that is, for most of the world's population, is not known. The purpose of this study was perform a systematic review to identify all cross-cultural adaptations of OHIP versions with 49, 20/19, 14, and 5 items. The global availability of 4D oral health impact characterization was investigated.

METHODS

We performed searches of electronic databases- Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science, along with hand searching in June 2022 to identify all cross-cultural language adaptations of the different OHIP versions available in the literature. Whether the 4D oral health impact assessment can be considered a global approach was judged based on the criteria whether 4D psychometric information was available for at least 75% of the most widely spoken languages with an OHIP version.

RESULTS

We identified 82 studies with a total of 90 individual OHIP language versions for 45 languages. Among the top 20 languages with most first-language (native) speakers, 16 (80%) had OHIP versions. Among the top 20 languages with the most first- and second-language speakers, also 16 (80%) had OHIP versions. Of these 16 OHIP versions, across both language categories, 13 versions (81%) allowed for 4D oral health impact characterization.

CONCLUSION

Four-dimensional oral health impact assessment using the dimensions Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact can be considered a globally available approach given that OHIP versions with 4D information are readily available for most widely spoken languages. Thus, psychometrically sound, practical, and internationally comparable oral health impact characterization can be easily performed to study population oral health and determine oral disease impact and treatment efficacy for dental patients.

Oral Health Related Quality of Life of Patients Using Conventional Dentures versus Implant-Supported Overdentures

Objectives:

This study aimed to compare the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients using conventional dentures versus implant-supported overdentures.

Materials and Methods:

This study evaluated the OHRQoL of 90 patients between 35 to 75 years who were selected from several public and private dental clinics in Tehran in 2018. Of all, 45 had conventional dentures of both jaws, and 45 had a mandibular overdenture supported by two implants at the site of mandibular canine teeth and a conventional maxillary denture. The OHRQoL of patients was determined using the Oral Health Impact Prfile-20 (OHIP-20). The questionnaire was translated to Persian, and its content validity and internal consistency were confirmed. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney test, and independent t-test.

Results:

In the conventional denture group, 46.7% had good, 46.7% had moderate, and 6.6% had poor OHRQoL. These values were 55.6%, 37.8% and 6.6% in the overdenture group, respectively. Level of education had a significant correlation with the total score of OHIP-20 in both groups (P<0.05). But no significant association was noted between the residential status and gender of patients with different domains of OHRQoL (P>0.05) except for the psychological disability domain, which had a higher mean value in males with conventional dentures (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

Patients with a mandibular overdenture supported by two implants at the site of canine teeth and a conventional maxillary denture had higher OHRQoL than patients with conventional dentures of both jaws.

Validation of the oral health impact profile - 14 in patients with head and neck cancer

Background

The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was designed to assess patients’ perception of the impact of oral disorders on their quality of life (QoL). Although the OHIP-14 is now frequently used in patients with head and neck cancer, data related to its measurement properties in this population are scarce. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the OHIP-14 in a sample of Serbian patients with head and neck cancer.

Material and Methods

Data were available for 345 patients (257 [74.5%] males; aged 30-92 years), with head and neck cancer. All patients completed the OHIP-14 and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 and QLQ-H&N35. Factor analyses, internal consistency reliability (i.e., Cronbach’s α coefficient), and construct validity were analyzed.

Results

The factor analyses confirmed that 14 OHIP items were measuring a single underlying factor. Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.98 and corrected item-total correlations ranged 0.77-0.93. Lower OHIP-14 scores (i.e., lower impacts on oral health) were more frequently present among patients who had only surgery as a therapeutic procedure compared to those who had surgery accompanied with radio- and chemotherapy (p< 0.01). Patients with a tumor stage 0-II also had lower OHIP-14 scores compared to those who had a tumor stage III-IV (p< 0.01). The OHIP-14 correlated significantly with the QLQ-C30 and QLQ-H&N35 scales.

Conclusions

As a unidimensional instrument, the OHIP-14 provides oral QoL assessments with sound internal consistency reliability and construct validity among patients with head and neck cancer.

Key words:Quality of life, oral health, psychometrics, reliability, validity.

Characterization of oral health in a Portuguese population with mild intellectual disability

AIMS

This study aims to characterize the hygiene habits, the self-perception of the need for treatment and the oral condition of a population with a disability.

METHODS AND RESULTS

This research is part of an observational, cross-sectional epidemiological study on oral health and quality of life of people with mild intellectual disabilities living in (or attending) institutions of the Central Region of Portugal that were affiliated with HUMANITAS (Portuguese Federation for Mental Disability) in 2016. A sociodemographic and oral health questionnaire, applied on the form of an interview to 240 individuals aged between 18 and 64 years, was used. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22.0. It was verified that 32.9% of the individuals had less than 20 teeth. Only 15% of all individuals used removable prosthesis. About 21% didn't do oral hygiene daily. Only 28.4% of the sample visited the dentist in the last 6 months. Note that 75.2% of the sample stated their need for dental treatment and less than half (37.4%) described their oral condition as good or superior.

CONCLUSION

Dental care among adults with intellectual disability is one of the most unattended health needs. Evidence suggests that inadequate oral health habits are more prevalent in the studied population than in the Portuguese population.