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Alarcón ME, Polo PG, Akyüz SN, Rafiqi AM. Evolution and ontogeny of bacteriocytes in insects. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1034066. [PMID: 36505058 PMCID: PMC9732443 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1034066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ontogenetic origins of the bacteriocytes, which are cells that harbour bacterial intracellular endosymbionts in multicellular animals, are unknown. During embryonic development, a series of morphological and transcriptional changes determine the fate of distinct cell types. The ontogeny of bacteriocytes is intimately linked with the evolutionary transition of endosymbionts from an extracellular to an intracellular environment, which in turn is linked to the diet of the host insect. Here we review the evolution and development of bacteriocytes in insects. We first classify the endosymbiotic occupants of bacteriocytes, highlighting the complex challenges they pose to the host. Then, we recall the historical account of the discovery of bacteriocytes. We then summarize the molecular interactions between the endosymbiont and the host. In addition, we illustrate the genetic contexts in which the bacteriocytes develop, with examples of the genetic changes in the hosts and endosymbionts, during specific endosymbiotic associations. We finally address the evolutionary origin as well as the putative ontogenetic or developmental source of bacteriocytes in insects.
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Gebiola M, Le BH, Mauck KE. A reproducible and sensitive method for generating high-quality transcriptomes from single whitefly salivary glands and other low-input tissues. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1318-1328. [PMID: 35068058 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic studies are an important tool for understanding the molecular pathways underlying host plant use by agricultural pests, including vectors of damaging plant pathogens. Thus far, bulk RNA-Seq has been the main approach for non-model insects. This method relies on pooling large numbers of whole organisms or hundreds of individually dissected organs. The latter approach is logistically challenging, may introduce artifacts of handling and storage, and is not compatible with biological replication. Here, we tested an approach to generate transcriptomes of individual salivary glands and other low-input body tissues from whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci MEAM1), which are major vectors of plant viruses. By comparing our outputs to published bulk RNA-Seq datasets for whole whitefly bodies and pools of salivary glands, we demonstrate that this approach recovers similar numbers of transcripts relative to bulk RNA-Seq in a tissue-specific manner, and for some metrics, exceeds performance of bulk tissue RNA-Seq. Libraries generated from individual salivary glands also yielded additional novel transcripts not identified in pooled salivary gland datasets, and had hundreds of enriched transcripts when compared with whole head tissues. Overall, our study demonstrates that it is feasible to produce high quality, replicated transcriptomes of whitefly salivary glands and other low-input tissues. We anticipate that our approach will expand hypothesis-driven research on salivary glands of whiteflies and other Hemiptera, thus enabling novel control strategies to disrupt feeding and virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gebiola
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Brandon H Le
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Kerry E Mauck
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
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Tay WT, Court LN, Macfadyen S, Jacomb F, Vyskočilová S, Colvin J, De Barro PJ. A high-throughput amplicon sequencing approach for population-wide species diversity and composition survey. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 22:1706-1724. [PMID: 34918473 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Management of agricultural pests requires an understanding of pest species diversity, their interactions with beneficial insects and spatial-temporal patterns of pest abundance. Invasive and agriculturally important insect pests can build up very high populations, especially in cropping landscapes. Traditionally, sampling effort for species identification involves small sample sizes and is labour intensive. Here, we describe a multi-primer high throughput sequencing (HTS) metabarcoding method and associated analytical workflow for a rapid, intensive, high-volume survey of pest species compositions. We demonstrate our method using the taxonomically challenging Bemisia pest cryptic species complex as examples. The whiteflies Bemisia including the 'tabaci' species are agriculturally important capable of vectoring diverse plant viruses that cause diseases and crop losses. Our multi-primer metabarcoding HTS amplicon approach simultaneously process high volumes of whitefly individuals, with efficiency to detect rare (i.e., 1%) test-species, while our improved whitefly primers for metabarcoding also detected beneficial hymenopteran parasitoid species from whitefly nymphs. Field-testing our redesigned Bemisia metabarcoding primer sets across the Tanzania, Uganda and Malawi cassava cultivation landscapes, we identified the sub-Saharan Africa 1 Bemisia putative species as the dominant pest species, with other cryptic Bemisia species being detected at various abundances. We also provide evidence that Bemisia species compositions can be affected by host crops and sampling techniques that target either nymphs or adults. Our multi-primer HTS metabarcoding method incorporated two over-lapping amplicons of 472bp and 518bp that spanned the entire 657bp 3' barcoding region for Bemisia, and is particularly suitable to molecular diagnostic surveys of this highly cryptic insect pest species complex that also typically exhibited high population densities in heavy crop infestation episodes. Our approach can be adopted to understand species biodiversity across landscapes, with broad implications for improving trans-boundary biosecurity preparedness, thus contributing to molecular ecological knowledge and the development of control strategies for high-density, cryptic, pest-species complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Tay
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - L N Court
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - S Macfadyen
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - F Jacomb
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - S Vyskočilová
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham, Maritime Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - J Colvin
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham, Maritime Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
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Shan HW, Liu SS. The Costs and Benefits of Two Secondary Symbionts in a Whitefly Host Shape Their Differential Prevalence in the Field. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:739521. [PMID: 34659172 PMCID: PMC8515054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.739521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects commonly harbor maternally inherited intracellular symbionts in nature, and the microbial partners often exert influence on host reproduction and fitness to promote their prevalence. Here, we investigated composition of symbionts and their biological effects in the invasive Bemisia tabaci MED species of a whitefly complex. Our field surveys revealed that populations of the MED whitefly, in addition to the primary symbiont Portiera, mainly contain two secondary symbionts Hamiltonella, which is nearly fixed in the host populations, and Cardinium with infection frequencies ranging from 0 to 86%. We isolated and established Cardinium-positive and Cardinium-free whitefly lines with a similar nuclear genetic background from a field population, and compared performance of the two whitefly lines. The infection of Cardinium incurred significant fitness costs on the MED whitefly, including reduction of fecundity and egg viability as well as delay in development. We then selectively removed Hamiltonella from the Cardinium-free whitefly line and compared performance of two whitefly lines, one harboring both Portiera and Hamiltonella and the other harboring only Portiera. While depletion of Hamiltonella had little or only marginal effects on the fecundity, developmental rate, and offspring survival, the Hamiltonella-free whitefly line produced very few female offspring, often reducing the progeny female ratio from about 50% to less than 1%. Our findings indicate that the varying costs and benefits of the association between these two symbionts and the MED whitefly may play an important role in shaping their differential prevalence in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Krause-Sakate R, Watanabe LFM, Gorayeb ES, da Silva FB, Alvarez DDL, Bello VH, Nogueira AM, de Marchi BR, Vicentin E, Ribeiro-Junior MR, Marubayashi JM, Rojas-Bertini CA, Muller C, Bueno RCODF, Rosales M, Ghanim M, Pavan MA. Population Dynamics of Whiteflies and Associated Viruses in South America: Research Progress and Perspectives. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11120847. [PMID: 33260578 PMCID: PMC7760982 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Whiteflies are one of the most important and widespread pests in the world. In South America, the currently most important species occurring are Bemisia afer,Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and the cryptic species Middle East-Asia Minor 1, Mediterranean, and New World, from Bemisia tabaci complex. The present review compiles information from several studies conducted in South America regarding these insects, providing data related to the dynamics and distribution of whiteflies, the associated viruses, and the management strategies to keep whiteflies under the economic damage threshold. Abstract By having an extensive territory and suitable climate conditions, South America is one of the most important agricultural regions in the world, providing different kinds of vegetable products to different regions of the world. However, such favorable conditions for plant production also allow the development of several pests, increasing production costs. Among them, whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) stand out for their potential for infesting several crops and for being resistant to insecticides, having high rates of reproduction and dispersal, besides their efficient activity as virus vectors. Currently, the most important species occurring in South America are Bemisia afer, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and the cryptic species Middle East-Asia Minor 1, Mediterranean, and New World, from Bemisia tabaci complex. In this review, a series of studies performed in South America were compiled in an attempt to unify the advances that have been developed in whitefly management in this continent. At first, a background of the current whitefly distribution in South American countries as well as factors affecting them are shown, followed by a background of the whitefly transmitted viruses in South America, addressing their location and association with whiteflies in each country. Afterwards, a series of management strategies are proposed to be implemented in South American fields, including cultural practices and biological and chemical control, finalizing with a section containing future perspectives and directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Krause-Sakate
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-14-3880-7487
| | - Luís Fernando Maranho Watanabe
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Eduardo Silva Gorayeb
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Forestal, Vicuña Mackena, 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.A.R.-B.); (M.R.)
| | - Felipe Barreto da Silva
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Daniel de Lima Alvarez
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Vinicius Henrique Bello
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Angélica Maria Nogueira
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | | | - Eduardo Vicentin
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Marcos Roberto Ribeiro-Junior
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Julio Massaharu Marubayashi
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Claudia Andrea Rojas-Bertini
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Forestal, Vicuña Mackena, 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.A.R.-B.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Regiane Cristina Oliveira de Freitas Bueno
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Marlene Rosales
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Forestal, Vicuña Mackena, 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.A.R.-B.); (M.R.)
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Marcelo Agenor Pavan
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
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Andreason SA, Shelby EA, Moss JB, Moore PJ, Moore AJ, Simmons AM. Whitefly Endosymbionts: Biology, Evolution, and Plant Virus Interactions. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110775. [PMID: 33182634 PMCID: PMC7696030 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are sap-feeding global agricultural pests. These piercing-sucking insects have coevolved with intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria that help to supplement their nutrient-poor plant sap diets with essential amino acids and carotenoids. These obligate, primary endosymbionts have been incorporated into specialized organs called bacteriomes where they sometimes coexist with facultative, secondary endosymbionts. All whitefly species harbor the primary endosymbiont Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum and have a variable number of secondary endosymbionts. The secondary endosymbiont complement harbored by the cryptic whitefly species Bemisia tabaci is particularly complex with various assemblages of seven different genera identified to date. In this review, we discuss whitefly associated primary and secondary endosymbionts. We focus on those associated with the notorious B. tabaci species complex with emphasis on their biological characteristics and diversity. We also discuss their interactions with phytopathogenic begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae), which are transmitted exclusively by B. tabaci in a persistent-circulative manner. Unraveling the complex interactions of these endosymbionts with their insect hosts and plant viruses could lead to advancements in whitefly and whitefly transmitted virus management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A. Andreason
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29414, USA;
| | - Emily A. Shelby
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (E.A.S.); (J.B.M.); (P.J.M.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Jeanette B. Moss
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (E.A.S.); (J.B.M.); (P.J.M.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Patricia J. Moore
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (E.A.S.); (J.B.M.); (P.J.M.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Allen J. Moore
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (E.A.S.); (J.B.M.); (P.J.M.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Alvin M. Simmons
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29414, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Wei PL, Hung CS, Kao YW, Lin YC, Lee CY, Chang TH, Shia BC, Lin JC. Characterization of Fecal Microbiota with Clinical Specimen Using Long-Read and Short-Read Sequencing Platform. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197110. [PMID: 32993155 PMCID: PMC7582668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate and rapid identification of microbiotic communities using 16S ribosomal (r)RNA sequencing is a critical task for expanding medical and clinical applications. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is widely considered a practical approach for direct application to communities without the need for in vitro culturing. In this report, a comparative evaluation of short-read (Illumina) and long-read (Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT)) platforms toward 16S rRNA sequencing with the same batch of total genomic DNA extracted from fecal samples is presented. Different 16S gene regions were amplified, bar-coded, and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq and ONT MinION sequencers and corresponding kits. Mapping of the sequenced amplicon using MinION to the entire 16S rRNA gene was analyzed with the cloud-based EPI2ME algorithm. V3–V4 reads generated using MiSeq were aligned by applying the CLC genomics workbench. More than 90% of sequenced reads generated using distinct sequencers were accurately classified at the genus or species level. The misclassification of sequenced reads at the species level between the two approaches was less substantial as expected. Taken together, the comparative results demonstrate that MinION sequencing platform coupled with the corresponding algorithm could function as a practicable strategy in classifying bacterial community to the species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Li Wei
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Translational Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Sheng Hung
- PhD Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Kao
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management. Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Chin Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Lee
- Office of Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Ben-Chang Shia
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management. Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (B.-C.S.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Jung-Chun Lin
- PhD Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (B.-C.S.); (J.-C.L.)
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8
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A Review of the Biology and Control of Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), with Special Reference to Biological Control Using Entomopathogenic Fungi. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090619. [PMID: 32927701 PMCID: PMC7564875 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is considered one of the most destructive insect pests of vegetables and ornamental crops globally. Synthetic chemical pesticides are mainly used to control B. tabaci, however, their extensive usage has led to a series of detrimental concerns to human health and environmental contamination. It is therefore of significant interest to develop a safer and eco-friendly alternative for controlling B. tabaci. Here, we review the use of entomopathogenic fungi as a proven, biologically sustainable method to effectively control B. tabaci. The development of entomopathogenic fungi in an integrated pest management strategy against B. tabaci can reduce our reliance on chemical pesticides, and help us to secure food safety while preserving nature. Abstract Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), consists of genetically diverse species known to cause significant destruction in several crops around the world. Nymphs and adults of B. tabaci cause damage to plants during feeding, and they can act as a virus vector, thus causing significant yield loss to crops in the tropical and subtropical regions. Chemical pesticides are widely used to control B. tabaci due to their immediate action, but this approach has several drawbacks including food safety issues, insecticide resistance, environmental pollution, and the effect on non-target organisms. A biological control agent using entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) has therefore been developed as an alternative against the conventional use of chemical pesticides in an integrated pest management (IPM) system to effectively control B. tabaci. It is apparent from this review that species of hyphomycetes fungi are the most common EPF used to effectively control B. tabaci, with the second instar being the most susceptible stage of infection. Therefore, this review article focuses specifically on the control of B. tabaci with special emphasis on the use of EPF as biological control agents and their integration in IPM.
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Kunz D, Tay WT, Court LN, Elfekih S, Gordon KHJ, Evans GA, De Barro PJ. Draft mitochondrial DNA genome of a 1920 Barbados cryptic Bemisia tabaci ‘New World’ species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1591197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Kunz
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, ACT, Australia
| | - W. T. Tay
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, ACT, Australia
| | - L. N. Court
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, ACT, Australia
| | - S. Elfekih
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, ACT, Australia
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