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Tornblom A, Naghdi N, Rye M, Montpetit C, Fortin M. The effects of a 12-week combined motor control exercise and isolated lumbar extension intervention on lumbar multifidus muscle stiffness in individuals with chronic low back pain. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1336544. [PMID: 39258113 PMCID: PMC11385609 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1336544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exercise therapy is the primary endorsed form of conservative treatment for chronic low back pain (LBP). However, there is still conflicting evidence on which exercise intervention is best. While motor control exercise can lead to morphological and functional improvements of lumbar multifidus muscle in individuals with chronic LBP, the effects of exercise prescription on multifidus stiffness assessed via shear wave elastography are still unknown. The primary aim of this study is to determine the effects of a combined motor control and isolated lumbar extension (MC + ILEX) intervention on lumbar multifidus muscle stiffness. Methods A total of 25 participants aged 18 to 65 were recruited from local orthopedic clinics and the university community with moderate to severe non-specific chronic LBP. Participants performed a 12-week MC + ILEX intervention program. Stiffness of the lumbar multifidus muscle (primary outcome) at L4 and L5 was obtained at baseline, 6-week, and 12-week using shear wave elastography. Changes in stiffness ratio (e.g., ratio of lumbar multifidus muscle stiffness from rest to contracted) were also assessed at both time points. Pre to post-intervention changes in lumbar multifidus muscle stiffness were assessed using a one-way repeated measure ANOVA. Results Following the 12-week intervention, there were no statistically significant changes in lumbar multifidus muscle stiffness at rest on the right side at L4 (p = 0.628) and the left side at L4 and L5 (p = 0.093, p = 0.203), but a statistically significant decrease was observed on the right side at L5 (p = 0.036). There was no change in lumbar multifidus muscle stiffness ratio. Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence to suggest that a 12-week MC + ILEX intervention had minimal effect on lumbar multifidus muscle stiffness in individuals with chronic LBP. Further investigations are needed to confirm our findings and clarify the relationship between muscle stiffness and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Tornblom
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Neda Naghdi
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Meaghan Rye
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chanelle Montpetit
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maryse Fortin
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Health, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Fontenelle A, Mannarino P, Oliveira LFD, Menegaldo LL, Souza SALD, Fontenelle CRDC. Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of the Patellar and Semitendinosus Tendons Using Supersonic Shear-wave Imaging (SSI) Elastography and Tensile Tests. Rev Bras Ortop 2024; 59:e556-e563. [PMID: 39239578 PMCID: PMC11374394 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the mechanical properties of the patellar (PT) and semitendinosus (ST) tendons from fresh-frozen human cadavers from a tissue bank using supersonic shear-wave imaging (SSI) elastography and tensile tests. Methods We tested seven PT and five ST samples on a traction machine and performed their simultaneous assessment through SSI. The measurements enabled the comparison of the mechanical behavior of the tendons using the stress x strain curve and shear modulus (μ) at rest. In addition, we analyzed the stress x μ relationship under tension and tested the relationship between these parameters. The statistical analysis of the results used unpaired t -tests with Welch correction, the Pearson correlation, and linear regression for the Young modulus (E) estimation. Results The μ values for the PT and ST at rest were of 58.86 ± 5.226 kPa and 124.3 ± 7.231 kPa respectively, and this difference was statistically significant. The correlation coefficient between stress and μ for the PT and ST was very strong. The calculated E for the PT and ST was of 19.97 kPa and 124.8 kPa respectively, with a statistically significant difference. Conclusion The ST was stiffer than the PT in the traction tests and SSI evaluations. The μ value was directly related to the stress imposed on the tendon. Clinical relevance The present is an evaluation of the mechanical properties of the tendons most used as grafts in knee ligament reconstruction surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Fontenelle
- Serviço de Traumato-Ortopedia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Pietro Mannarino
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Liliam Fernandes de Oliveira
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (Coppe), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Luciano Luporini Menegaldo
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (Coppe), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Sérgio Augusto Lopes de Souza
- Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - César Rubens da Costa Fontenelle
- Serviço de Traumato-Ortopedia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Çekok FK, Taş S, Aktaş A. Muscle and tendon stiffness of lower extremity in older adults with fall history: Stiffness effect on physical performance and fall risk. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 59:228-233. [PMID: 39053165 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Changes in muscle and tendon stiffness may lead to falls in older adults by affecting joint stability and muscle function. This study aims to investigate the changes in stiffness in lower extremity muscles and tendons in the older adults with a fall history. A cross-sectional research design was followed. 25 older adults with a fall history and 26 older adults without fall history were recruited study. Stiffness of the lower extremity muscles and tendons was measured using a MyotonPRO device. Balance and functional ability of the participants were evaluated. The stiffness of all the selected muscles and tendon was lower in the older adults with a history of fall compared to controls (p<0.05). The obtained results suggest the decrease in the stiffness of the lower extremity muscles and tendon may negatively affect muscle function and joint stability/ control, and it may increase the predisposition to falling in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Kübra Çekok
- Tarsus University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 33400, Tarsus/Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Taş
- Toros University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, 33140, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Arda Aktaş
- Balıkesir University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, 33140, Mersin, Turkey
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Römer C, Legerlotz K, Czupajllo J, Fischer T, Wolfarth B, Lerchbaumer MH. Acute Effects of Running on Shear Wave Elastography Measures of the Achilles Tendon and Calf Muscles in Professional Female Handball and Volleyball Players. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2957. [PMID: 37761324 PMCID: PMC10530130 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) is currently used to detect tissue pathologies, i.e., tendinopathy. For preventive medicine, it is important to examine the sensitivity of SWE and to investigate how stiffness measures are affected by methodological variables. The aim of this study is to examine shear wave elastography (SWE) measures in order to compare the pre- and post-running values and to determine the correlation between the shear wave speed values (m/s). SWE examinations of the Achilles tendon (AT), soleus muscle (MS) and gastrocnemius muscle (MG)) were performed in 24 healthy professional female athletes. Measurements of the shear wave speed (m/s) were taken before and after incremental treadmill running until exhaustion. Correlations were investigated using the Pearson correlation coefficient and were examined for significance using the Student's t-test. The pre- and post-exercise shear wave speed did not differ. The pre-exercise and post-exercise stiffness for MS (r = 0.613), MG (r = 0.609) and AT (r = 0.583) correlated strongly. The pre-exercise values and changes in stiffness showed a significant correlation (p < 0.001). In professional athletes, acute exercise induces different tissue stiffness changes in AT, MS and MG for each individual. Thus, exercise activity immediately prior to the SWE measurement needs to be factored in when evaluating tissue stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Römer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsten Legerlotz
- Movement Biomechanics, Institute of Sport Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Czupajllo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Römer C, Zessin E, Czupajllo J, Fischer T, Wolfarth B, Lerchbaumer MH. Effect of Physical Parameters and Training Load on Patellar Tendon Stiffness in Professional Athletes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2541. [PMID: 37568903 PMCID: PMC10417388 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injuries of the patellar tendon commonly occur as a result of mechanical loading of the tendon during physical activity. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is an established technique for assessing tendon stiffness, and has good interindividual reliability. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of physical parameters and different sports on patellar tendon stiffness in professional athletes using SWE. METHODS Standardized patellar tendon SWE was performed in a relaxed supine position with a small roll under the knee (20° flexion) in 60 healthy professional athletes (30 female, 30 male). Multiple linear regression was performed for patellar tendon stiffness including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and type of sport. RESULTS Patellar tendon stiffness showed no significant difference between female (3.320 m/s) and male (3.416 m/s) professional athletes. Mean age (female: 20.53 years; male: 19.80 years) and BMI (female: 23.24 kg/m2; male: 23.52 kg/m2) were comparable. Female professional athletes with oral contraceptive (OC) intake showed higher patellar tendon stiffness than athletes without OC intake (3.723 versus 3.017; p = 0.053), but not significantly. CONCLUSION In professional athletes, there are no significant differences in patellar tendon stiffness according to gender, age, BMI and type of sport (handball, volleyball, soccer, sprint, hammer throw). Oral contraceptives may not have an impact on patellar tendon stiffness in female athletes. Further studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Römer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrico Zessin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Czupajllo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Page P, Manske RC, Voight M, Wolfe C. MSK Ultrasound - An IJSPT Perspective. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; 18:1-10. [PMID: 36793557 PMCID: PMC9897034 DOI: 10.26603/001c.68184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MSK ultrasound is a valuable imaging technique which has become increasingly popular in recent years. This efficient technique proves beneficial in a variety of ways. MSK ultrasound effectively streamlines the process by enabling practitioners to securely and accurately image and assess structures all in one simple step. By allowing healthcare providers to access critical information quickly and conveniently, MSK ultrasound can help identify conditions early when interventions are most effective. Moreover, it may be able to shorten diagnostic times and reduce costs through more cost-effective use of resources such as imaging and laboratory testing. Furthermore, MSK ultrasound can provide additional insights into musculoskeletal anatomy and help improve patient care and outcomes. In addition, utilizing this method reduces exposure to radiation and provides enhanced patient comfort with its quick scan duration. MSK ultrasound has a high potential to provide quick and accurate diagnosis of MSK disturbances when used correctly. As clinicians become more comfortable and familiar with this technology, we will continue to see its use expand for various MSK assessments. In this commentary we'll explore how ultrasound can be used in physical therapy, specifically for musculoskeletal assessment. We'll also look at some of the potential benefits and limitations of using ultrasound in PT practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Page
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program Franciscan University
| | | | | | - Chris Wolfe
- School of Physical Therapy Belmont University
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Romer C, Czupajllo J, Zessin E, Fischer T, Wolfarth B, Lerchbaumer MH. Stiffness of Muscles and Tendons of the Lower Limb of Professional and Semiprofessional Athletes Using Shear Wave Elastography. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2022; 41:3061-3068. [PMID: 35900250 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Shear wave elastography (SWE) allows assessment of muscle and tendon stiffness and can be used to diagnose soft tissue pathologies such as tendinopathies. In sports medicine, SWE may have the potential to uncover structural changes early on before they lead to functional impairment. To systematically analyze possible differences in tendon and muscle stiffness of the lower limb between professional (PG) and semiprofessional female athletes (SG) using SWE and to compile reference values for developing preventive medicine approaches for professional athletes. METHODS Standardized SWE of both lower limb tendons and muscles (Achilles tendon [AT], soleus muscle insertion [SM], patellar tendon [PT], quadriceps tendon [QT], vastus medialis muscle [VM]) in the longitudinal plane was performed with the tendons in relaxed position in 24 healthy professional female athletes (PG) in comparison with 24 healthy semiprofessional female athletes (SG). RESULTS Median tendon and muscle stiffness was significantly higher in professional athletes (AT:PG, 11.12 m/s vs SG, 7.33 m/s, P < .001; SM: 1.77 m/s vs 1.14 m/s, P < .001; VM: 1.63 m/s vs 0.87 m/s, P < .001; QT: 3.31 m/s vs 2.61 m/s, P < .05). There was no significant difference in patellar tendon stiffness between PG and SG (PT: 2.57 m/s vs 3.21, P = .25). CONCLUSION Professional female athletes have higher stiffness values than semiprofessional female athletes in lower limb muscles and tendons, except for the patellar tendon. Knowledge of such differences is necessary for diagnosing tendinopathy and injuries. Musculoskeletal SWE could offer great benefits in sports medicine as well as in rehabilitation and preventive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Romer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Czupajllo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrico Zessin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus H Lerchbaumer
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Thomas E, Ficarra S, Nakamura M, Paoli A, Bellafiore M, Palma A, Bianco A. Effects of Different Long-Term Exercise Modalities on Tissue Stiffness. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:71. [PMID: 35657537 PMCID: PMC9166919 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStiffness is a fundamental property of living tissues, which may be modified by pathologies or traumatic events but also by nutritional, pharmacological and exercise interventions. This review aimed to understand if specific forms of exercise are able to determine specific forms of tissue stiffness adaptations. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases to identify manuscripts addressing adaptations of tissue stiffness as a consequence of long-term exercise. Muscular, connective, peripheral nerve and arterial stiffness were considered for the purpose of this review. Resistance training, aerobic training, plyometric training and stretching were retrieved as exercise modalities responsible for tissue stiffness adaptations. Differences were observed related to each specific modality. When exercise was applied to pathological cohorts (i.e. tendinopathy or hypertension), stiffness changed towards a physiological condition. Exercise interventions are able to determine tissue stiffness adaptations. These should be considered for specific exercise prescriptions. Future studies should concentrate on identifying the effects of exercise on the stiffness of specific tissues in a broader spectrum of pathological populations, in which a tendency for increased stiffness is observed.
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Lall PS, Alsubiheen AM, Aldaihan MM, Lee H. Differences in Medial and Lateral Gastrocnemius Stiffness after Exercise-Induced Muscle Fatigue. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192113891. [PMID: 36360770 PMCID: PMC9656849 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Muscles are affected at the cellular level by exercised-induced fatigue, inducing changes in their stiffness. Examining muscle stiffness can improve the knowledge of various pathologic conditions, such as pain and injury. The objective of this study was to examine the stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle and the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscle to determine the changes in stiffness, and to assess the differences in the stiffness between the MG and the LG, as affected by muscle fatigue measured using shear wave elastography (SWE) and a MyotonPRO after inducing muscle fatigue. A total of 35 healthy young adults participated in the study. The stiffness of the MG and the LG were assessed before and after a muscle fatigue protocol (MFP), which included three sets of 50 eccentric contractions of the calf muscles of the dominant leg, at rest, and at maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). The measurements were taken with SWE and the MyotonPRO simultaneously. Compared to baseline, the resting stiffness of the MG and the LG significantly increased immediately, 24 h, and 48 h after muscle fatigue (p < 0.05); however, during MVC, the stiffness of the MG decreased (p < 0.05) and that of the LG showed no change (p > 0.05). When the stiffness of the MG and the LG were compared before and after the MFP, changes in the stiffness of the MG were significantly greater than those in the LG (p < 0.05). This signifies that the MG was more affected by the exercise-induced muscle fatigue than was the LG. The assessment of musculoskeletal tissue and its characteristics, before and after eccentric exercise, is crucial in the prevention of overuse injuries associated with repeated exposure to both low and high levels of force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarthana Sanya Lall
- Graduate School, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Abdulrahman M. Alsubiheen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mishal M. Aldaihan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanuel Lee
- Graduate School, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
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Römer C, Czupajllo J, Zessin E, Fischer T, Wolfarth B, Lerchbaumer MH. Muscle and Tendon Stiffness of the Lower Limb of Professional Adolescent Soccer Athletes Measured Using Shear Wave Elastography. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102453. [PMID: 36292143 PMCID: PMC9601169 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While adolescents have specific risk factors for acute and chronic injury, there is a lack of preventive medicine algorithms for this vulnerable group. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is currently mainly used for assessing muscle and tendon stiffness in adult athletes and can diagnose tissue pathologies such as tendinopathy. The aim was to investigate differences in quadriceps tendon and muscle stiffness between adolescent and adult professional soccer players using SWE and identify lateral imbalances in order to improve the knowledge of preventive medicine algorithms for professional adolescent athletes. METHODS Standardized SWE examinations of both lower limb tendons and muscles (the quadriceps tendon (QT) and the vastus medialis (VM) muscle) in the longitudinal plane and relaxed tendon position were performed in 13 healthy adolescent soccer athletes (13-17 years), and a control group of 19 healthy adult professional soccer athletes (18-29 years). RESULTS Adolescent soccer players had lower stiffness values for both the quadriceps tendon (3.11 m/s vs. 3.25 m/s) and the vastus medialis muscle (1.67 m/s vs. 1.71 m/s) than adult athletes. Moreover, QT stiffness in adolescent soccer players was significantly lower on the right side (QT: adult 3.50 m/s (2.73-4.56) vs. adolescent 2.90 m/s (2.61-3.12); p = 0.031). Analysis of the lateral differences revealed softer QT and VM tissue on the right side in over two-thirds of adolescent soccer athletes. Over two-thirds of adults had stiffer QT and VM tissue on the right side. CONCLUSION In adolescent soccer players, the stiffness of the QT and VM muscle measured by SWE is lower in the right leg. SWE of the musculoskeletal system may thus become a relevant diagnostic tool to detect early lateral imbalances as a main risk factor for injury and may thus contribute to the prevention of acute and chronic injury prevention in adolescent athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Römer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Czupajllo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrico Zessin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Herbert Lerchbaumer
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450657084
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Braz TV, Batista DR, DE Camargo JBB, Col LO, Dias WG, Businari GB, Rosolem JM, Brigatto FA, Barbosa PH, Lopes CR. An Examination of Two Resistance Training Frequency Techniques in Morphological and Functional Adaptations of the Patellar Tendon. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2022; 15:709-720. [PMID: 35992497 PMCID: PMC9365104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of distinct resistance training frequencies with equated-volume conditions in morphological and functional adaptations of the patellar tendon. Twenty-seven recreationally resistance-trained subjects (men [n=17] and women [n=10]) (age: 20.8 ± 1.9 years [range 18 to 25 years]; height: 1.73 ± 9.8 cm; total body mass = 73.2 ± 11.7 kg; previous RT experience = 3.3 ± 1.6 years) volunteered to participate in this study. A total of 16 training sessions were performed during the study period. Each subject's leg was randomly allocated to one of the following training protocols: 2 training sessions/week (2x) or 4 training sessions/week (4x). Measurements of tendon cross sectional area (CSA) and length were performed through ultrasound imaging. One repetition maximum test was performed to assess patellar tendon force (PTF) unilaterally. For CSA (2x: Δ= -1.3%; 4x: Δ= -0.9%), and length (2x: Δ= -0.4%; 4x: Δ= 1.2%), no significant differences were observed within or between conditions (all p > 0.05). For PTF, a significant difference was observed between conditions (mean difference = 0.05 [-125 to 224] p= 0.001). In conclusion, the leg extension exercise performed 2 vs 4x/week induces similar patellar tendon morphological responses. However, the increase in force seems to be enhanced by a lower weekly training frequency associated with a longer intervention period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Volpi Braz
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Danilo Rodrigues Batista
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | | | - Luan Oenning Col
- Adventist Faculty of Hortolândia, Hortolândia, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Wellington Gonçalves Dias
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | | | - Jhenipher Moniky Rosolem
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Felipe Alves Brigatto
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Paulo Henrique Barbosa
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Charles Ricardo Lopes
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, BRAZIL
- Adventist Faculty of Hortolândia, Hortolândia, São Paulo, BRAZIL
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Parhampour B, Alizadeh V, Torkaman G, Ravanbod R, Bagheri R, Vasaghi-Gharamaleki B, Dadgoo M, Mohsenipour SM, Sadat ZA. Muscle thickness and pennation angle in overweight persons with moderate haemophilia A after resistance and combined training: A randomized controlled trial. Haemophilia 2022; 28:505-514. [PMID: 35263502 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Muscular atrophy and overweightness develop arthropathy in persons with haemophilia (PWH), and exercise increases their muscle strength and decreases their body weight. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography may be a non-invasive, safe, valid, and reliable tool to investigate muscle thickness (MT) and pennation angle (PA) after exercise training. OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 6 weeks of resistance training (RT) and combined resistance and aerobic training (CT) on MT and PA in overweight persons with moderate haemophilia A. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two persons with moderate haemophilia A with a mean age of 35-55 years and a BMI of 25-30 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to three groups of 14, namely RT, CT, and control. The RT group performed 40 minutes of RT, and the CT group performed 20 min of RT and 20 min of aerobic training. The PA and MT of the biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) were measured before and after the intervention using B-mode ultrasonography. RESULTS Significant increases were observed in the MT of VM, VL, MG, BB, and TB and PA of VM, VL, and MG in the RT and CT groups compared to the control group (p < .001). No significant differences were observed between the intervention groups. CONCLUSION Both RT and CT were effective in enhancing MT and PA in overweight persons with moderate haemophilia A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Parhampour
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Alizadeh
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giti Torkaman
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ravanbod
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Bagheri
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnoosh Vasaghi-Gharamaleki
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation Basic Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadgoo
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Mohsenipour
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bravo-Sánchez A, Abián P, Sánchez-Infante J, Esteban-Gacía P, Jiménez F, Abián-Vicén J. Objective Assessment of Regional Stiffness in Vastus Lateralis with Different Measurement Methods: A Reliability Study. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093213. [PMID: 34066343 PMCID: PMC8125613 DOI: 10.3390/s21093213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of four methods of assessing vastus lateralis (VL) stiffness, and to describe the influence of structural characteristics on them. The stiffness of the dominant lower-limb’s VL was evaluated in 53 healthy participants (28.4 ± 9.1 years) with shear wave elastography (SWE), strain elastography (SE), myotonometry and tensiomyography (TMG). The SWE, SE and myotonometry were performed at 50%, and TMG was assessed at 30%, of the length from the upper pole of the patella to the greater trochanter. The thickness of the VL, adipose tissue and superficial connective tissue was also measured with ultrasound. Three repeated measurements were acquired to assess reliability, using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationships between methodologic assessments and between structural characteristics and stiffness assessments of the VL. Myotonometry (ICC = 0.93; 95%-CI = 0.89,0.96) and TMG (ICC = 0.89; 95%-CI = 0.82,0.94) showed excellent inter-day reliability whereas with SWE (ICC = 0.62; 95%-CI = 0.41,0.77) and SE (ICC = 0.71; 95%-CI = 0.57,0.81) reliability was moderate. Significant correlations were found between myotonometry and VL thickness (r = 0.361; p = 0.008), adipose tissue thickness (r = −0.459; p = 0.001) and superficial connective tissue thickness (r = 0.340; p = 0.013). Myotonometry and TMG showed the best reliability values, although myotonometry stiffness values were influenced by the structural variables of the supra-adjacent tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Bravo-Sánchez
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (J.S.-I.); (P.E.-G.); (F.J.)
| | - Pablo Abián
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Comillas Pontifical University, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Sánchez-Infante
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (J.S.-I.); (P.E.-G.); (F.J.)
| | - Paula Esteban-Gacía
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (J.S.-I.); (P.E.-G.); (F.J.)
| | - Fernando Jiménez
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (J.S.-I.); (P.E.-G.); (F.J.)
| | - Javier Abián-Vicén
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (J.S.-I.); (P.E.-G.); (F.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-925268800 (ext. 5522)
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14
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Bravo-Sánchez A, Abián P, Sánchez-Infante J, Jimenez F, Abián-Vicén J. Influence of Bias in the Assessment of Patellar Tendon Stiffness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:1151-1162. [PMID: 33589353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of the main biases in practical applications of the different types of elastography in assessment of the stiffness of healthy patellar tendons. A literature search on four databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed and SportDiscus) was conducted on March 25, 2020. After analysis of 1,052 resultant articles, studies were included if they met two inclusion criteria: (1) studies were observational or randomized controlled trials; (2) studies included outcomes of patellar tendon stiffness. Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. Four meta-analyses were performed with respect to assessment procedure and participant characteristics. This meta-analysis found a low effect of examined portion of patellar tendon (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.54, n = 379, Z = 2.01, p = 0.04) and a high effect of knee flexion angle during assessment (SMD = -2.12; 95% CI: -2.67 to -1.58, n = 97, Z = 7.68, p < 0.01) in stiffness outcomes. The risk of bias was generally low, but the heterogenicity of the results downgraded the level of evidence. There is evidence in the elastography assessment of patellar tendon suggesting that the knee position and patellar tendon portion evaluated influence stiffness outcomes for patellar tendon in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Bravo-Sánchez
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pablo Abián
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Sánchez-Infante
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Fernando Jimenez
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Javier Abián-Vicén
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
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Lee Y, Kim M, Lee H. The Measurement of Stiffness for Major Muscles with Shear Wave Elastography and Myoton: A Quantitative Analysis Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030524. [PMID: 33804273 PMCID: PMC7999852 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to assess the relationship between hand-held myotonometer MyotonPRO and shear wave elastography (SWE) measurements of lower limb muscle stiffness during resting and active voluntary contraction. Forty healthy young adults, (20 males and 20 females) participated in the study. The stiffness of each subject’s rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) was measured repeatedly by MyotonPRO and SWE. Moderate to strong correlations between the two methods’ measurements were found for both resting and active voluntary contraction. (r = 0.416–0.669, p < 0.05; r = 0.398–0.594, p < 0.05, respectively). Muscle stiffness at rest was significantly lower compared contraction in all four muscles measured by both methods (p < 0.05). Intra-rater reliabilities were generally lower when measurements were taken during contraction. Additionally, when compared by gender, muscle stiffness measured by MyotonPRO was significantly higher at rest in men compared to women, except for the TA. However, a significant difference was found in TA muscle stiffness by gender when measured with SWE. When muscles were contracted, all muscles showed significantly higher stiffness in men compared to women. There were moderate to good correlations in muscle stiffness between measurements of SWE and MyotonPRO at rest and during active voluntary contraction. Additionally, both instruments showed good intra-rater reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Lee
- Department of Radiology Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (Y.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Minkyoung Kim
- Department of Radiology Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (Y.L.); (M.K.)
- Department of Radiology, Kwanghye Hospital, Seoul 06174, Korea
| | - Haneul Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Ham S, Kim S, Choi H, Lee Y, Lee H. Greater Muscle Stiffness during Contraction at Menstruation as Measured by Shear-Wave Elastography. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2021; 250:207-213. [PMID: 32238619 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.250.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is important to measure mechanical properties of muscle, since muscle stiffness is an important component of stabilizing or controlling joint stability. The levels of sex hormones especially estrogen vary over the phase of the menstrual cycle and impact the mechanical properties of soft tissue such as muscle, tendon, and ligaments due to the presence of 17-β estradiol receptor in human connective tissues. Recently, shear-wave elastography (SWE), based on ultrasound imaging, has been used as an accurate technique for visualizing and assessing tissue stiffness. The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle stiffness at rest and during contraction condition between the early follicular phase (menstruation) and ovulation in young women, measured using SWE. Thirty-seven young women with regular menstrual cycles completed this study throughout one full menstrual cycle. Stiffness of lower limb muscles such as the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and medial gastrocnemius was measured at resting and during contraction conditions using SWE during menstruation and ovulation. All muscles showed significantly greater stiffness during the menstruation than ovulation when muscles were actively contracted (P < 0.05), whereas no significant differences in muscle stiffness at rest were noted across phase of the menstrual cycle. These significant findings suggest that muscular factors are changed with estradiol fluctuations; muscles are less stiff during ovulation where the levels of estradiol peak when muscles in a contraction condition. As muscle stiffness is an important part of joint stability, these differences should be recognized to prevent the risk of musculoskeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoungho Ham
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gachon University
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gachon University
| | | | - Youngjin Lee
- Department of Radiological Science, Gachon University
| | - Haneul Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gachon University
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Klich S, Ficek K, Krymski I, Klimek A, Kawczyński A, Madeleine P, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon Thickness and Stiffness in Elite Track Cyclists: An Ultrasonographic and Myotonometric Evaluation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:607208. [PMID: 33381054 PMCID: PMC7767861 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.607208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Track cyclists are required to perform short- and long-term efforts during sprint and endurance race events, respectively. The 200 m flying sprint races require maximal power output and anaerobic capacity, while the 4,000 m pursuit cyclists demand a high level of aerobic capacity. Our goal was to investigate spatial changes in morphological and mechanical properties displayed using 3D topographical maps of the quadriceps muscle and tendons after 200 m flying start and 4,000 m individual pursuit race in elite track cyclists. We hypothesized a non-uniform distribution of the changes in the quadriceps muscle stiffness (QMstiff), and acute alterations in quadriceps tendon (QTthick) and patellar tendon (PTthick) thickness. Fifteen men elite sprint and 15 elite men endurance track cyclists participated. Sprint track cyclists participated in a 200 m flying start, while endurance track cyclists in 4,000 m individual pursuit. Outcomes including QTthick (5–10–15 mm proximal to the upper edge of the patella), PTthick (5–10–15–20 mm inferior to the apex of the patella)—using ultrasonography evaluation, QMstiff, and quadriceps tendon stiffness (QTstiff) were measured according to anatomically defined locations (point 1–8) and patellar tendon stiffness (PTstiff)—using myotonometry, measured in a midway point between the patella distal and the tuberosity of tibial. All parameters were assessed before and after (up to 5 min) the 200 m or 4,000 m events. Sprint track cyclists had significantly larger QTthick and PTthick than endurance track cyclists. Post-hoc analysis showed significant spatial differences in QMstiff between rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis in sprint track cyclists. At before race, sprint track cyclists presented significantly higher mean QTthick and PTthick, and higher QMstiff and the QTstiff, as compared with the endurance track cyclists. The observed changes in PTThick and QTThick were mostly related to adaptation-based vascularity and hypertrophy processes. The current study suggests that assessments using both ultrasonography and myotonometry provides crucial information about tendons and muscles properties and their acute adaptation to exercise. Higher stiffness in sprint compared with endurance track cyclists at baseline seems to highlight alterations in mechanical properties of the tendon and muscle that could lead to overuse injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Klich
- Department of Paralympic Sport, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ficek
- Department of Physiotherapy, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.,Galen Orthopedic Center, Bieruń, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Klimek
- Biomedical Science Institute, University School of Physical Education in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Kawczyński
- Department of Paralympic Sport, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Pascal Madeleine
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences-Performance and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Cesar Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Cátedra Institucional en Docencia, Clínica e Investigación en Fisioterapia: Terapia Manual, Punción Seca y Ejercicio Terapéutico, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
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18
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Dankel SJ, Razzano BM. The impact of acute and chronic resistance exercise on muscle stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ultrasound 2020; 23:473-480. [PMID: 32533552 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-020-00486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ultrasound is commonly used to measure changes in skeletal muscle morphology in response to both acute and chronic resistance exercise, but little is known on how muscle stiffness changes via ultrasound elastography, which was the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The online data bases of Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science were each searched up until February 2020 and the data were analyzed using a random effects model. RESULTS A total of eight studies (four acute and four chronic) met the inclusion criteria for the quantitative analysis. Following a single bout of exercise, muscle stiffness was increased within the first hour [ES: 1.52 (95% CI 0.14, 2.91); p = 0.031], but was no longer elevated when measured 2 days post-exercise [ES: 0.76 (95% CI - 0.32, 1.83); p = 0.16] or ≥ 7 days post-exercise [ES: 0.20 (95% CI - 0.53, 0.94); p = 0.58]. There was no impact of long-term resistance training on changes in muscle stiffness [ES: - 0.04 (95% CI - 0.24, 0.15); p = 0.653]. CONCLUSION The primary findings from this meta-analysis indicate that muscle stiffness increases acutely following a single bout of resistance exercise, but does not change long-term with chronic resistance training when measured via ultrasound shear elastography. Given the small number of studies included in this review, future studies may wish to examine changes in muscle stiffness in response to both acute and chronic resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Justin Dankel
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, United States.
| | - Brenna M Razzano
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, United States
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