1
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Raj RR, Lofquist S, Lee MJ. Remodeling of Adipose Tissues by Fatty Acids: Mechanistic Update on Browning and Thermogenesis by n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Pharm Res 2023; 40:467-480. [PMID: 36050546 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03377-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing thermogenesis by increasing the amount and activity of brown and brite adipocytes is a potential therapeutic target for obesity and its associated diseases. Diet plays important roles in energy metabolism and a myriad of dietary components including lipids are known to regulate thermogenesis through recruitment and activation of brown and brite adipocytes. Depending on types of fatty acids (FAs), the major constituent in lipids, their health benefits differ. Long-chain polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), especially n-3 PUFAs remodel adipose tissues in a healthier manner with reduced inflammation and enhanced thermogenesis, while saturated FAs exhibit contrasting effects. Lipid mediators derived from FAs act as autocrine/paracrine as well as endocrine factors to regulate thermogenesis. We discuss lipid mediators that may contribute to the differential effects of FAs on adipose tissue remodeling and hence, cardiometabolic diseases. We also discuss current understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms through which n-3 PUFAs enhance thermogenesis. Elucidating molecular details of beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs on thermogenesis is expected to provide information that can be used for development of novel therapeutics for obesity and its associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Raman Raj
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 98622, USA
| | - Sydney Lofquist
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 98622, USA
| | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 98622, USA.
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2
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Katare PB, Dalmao-Fernandez A, Mengeste AM, Hamarsland H, Ellefsen S, Bakke HG, Kase ET, Thoresen GH, Rustan AC. Energy metabolism in skeletal muscle cells from donors with different body mass index. Front Physiol 2022; 13:982842. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.982842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and physical inactivity have a profound impact on skeletal muscle metabolism. In the present work, we have investigated differences in protein expression and energy metabolism in primary human skeletal muscle cells established from lean donors (BMI<25 kg/m2) and individuals with obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2). Furthermore, we have studied the effect of fatty acid pretreatment on energy metabolism in myotubes from these donor groups. Alterations in protein expression were investigated using proteomic analysis, and energy metabolism was studied using radiolabeled substrates. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that glycolytic, apoptotic, and hypoxia pathways were upregulated, whereas the pentose phosphate pathway was downregulated in myotubes from donors with obesity compared to myotubes from lean donors. Moreover, fatty acid, glucose, and amino acid uptake were increased in myotubes from individuals with obesity. However, fatty acid oxidation was reduced, glucose oxidation was increased in myotubes from subjects with obesity compared to cells from lean. Pretreatment of myotubes with palmitic acid (PA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) for 24 h increased glucose oxidation and oleic acid uptake. EPA pretreatment increased the glucose and fatty acid uptake and reduced leucine fractional oxidation in myotubes from donors with obesity. In conclusion, these results suggest that myotubes from individuals with obesity showed increased fatty acid, glucose, and amino acid uptake compared to cells from lean donors. Furthermore, myotubes from individuals with obesity had reduced fatty acid oxidative capacity, increased glucose oxidation, and a higher glycolytic reserve capacity compared to cells from lean donors. Fatty acid pretreatment enhances glucose metabolism, and EPA reduces oleic acid and leucine fractional oxidation in myotubes from donor with obesity, suggesting increased metabolic flexibility after EPA treatment.
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3
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Chen M, Wang Y, Deng S, Lian Z, Yu K. Skeletal muscle oxidative stress and inflammation in aging: Focus on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:964130. [PMID: 36111339 PMCID: PMC9470179 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.964130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
With aging, the progressive loss of skeletal muscle will have negative effect on multiple physiological parameters, such as exercise, respiration, thermoregulation, and metabolic homeostasis. Accumulating evidence reveals that oxidative stress and inflammation are the main pathological characteristics of skeletal muscle during aging. Here, we focus on aging-related sarcopenia, summarize the relationship between aging and sarcopenia, and elaborate on aging-mediated oxidative stress and oxidative damage in skeletal muscle and its critical role in the occurrence and development of sarcopenia. In addition, we discuss the production of excessive reactive oxygen species in aging skeletal muscle, which reduces the ability of skeletal muscle satellite cells to participate in muscle regeneration, and analyze the potential molecular mechanism of ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in aging skeletal muscle. Furthermore, we have also paid extensive attention to the possibility and potential regulatory pathways of skeletal muscle aging and oxidative stress mediate inflammation. Finally, in response to the abnormal activity of oxidative stress and inflammation during aging, we summarize several potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory strategies for the treatment of sarcopenia, which may provide beneficial help for improving sarcopenia during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization, Lin’an, China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengxing Lian, ; Kun Yu,
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengxing Lian, ; Kun Yu,
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4
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Görigk S, Ouwens DM, Kuhn T, Altenhofen D, Binsch C, Damen M, Khuong JMA, Kaiser K, Knebel B, Vogel H, Schürmann A, Chadt A, Al-Hasani H. Nudix hydrolase NUDT19 regulates mitochondrial function and ATP production in murine hepatocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159153. [PMID: 35367353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in intracellular CoA levels are known to contribute to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in human and rodents. However, the underlying genetic basis is still poorly understood. Due to their diverse susceptibility towards metabolic diseases, mouse inbred strains have been proven to serve as powerful tools for the identification of novel genetic factors that underlie the pathophysiology of NAFLD and diabetes. Transcriptome analysis of mouse liver samples revealed the nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X-type motif Nudt19 as novel candidate gene responsible for NAFLD and T2D development. Knockdown (KD) of Nudt19 increased mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production rates in Hepa 1-6 cells by 41% and 10%, respectively. The enforced utilization of glutamine or fatty acids as energy substrate reduced uncoupled respiration by 41% and 47%, respectively, in non-target (NT) siRNA transfected cells. This reduction was prevented upon Nudt19 KD. Furthermore, incubation with palmitate or oleate respectively increased mitochondrial ATP production by 31% and 20%, and uncoupled respiration by 23% and 30% in Nudt19 KD cells, but not in NT cells. The enhanced fatty acid oxidation in Nudt19 KD cells was accompanied by a 1.3-fold increased abundance of Pdk4. This study is the first to describe Nudt19 as regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism and potential mediator of NAFLD and T2D development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Görigk
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - D Margriet Ouwens
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tanja Kuhn
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Delsi Altenhofen
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Binsch
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mareike Damen
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jenny Minh-An Khuong
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Kaiser
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Knebel
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heike Vogel
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Research Group Genetics of Obesity, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Research Group Molecular and Clinical Life Science of Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Rauen M, Hao D, Müller A, Mückter E, Bollheimer LC, Nourbakhsh M. Free Fatty Acid Species Differentially Modulate the Inflammatory Gene Response in Primary Human Skeletal Myoblasts. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121318. [PMID: 34943232 PMCID: PMC8698660 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Epidemiological studies show that obesity increases the risk of muscle mass loss with age, a syndrome called sarcopenic obesity. Obesity leads to increased free fatty acids (FFAs) and excessive fat deposits, which impair the integrity of skeletal muscles by unknown mechanisms. This report indicates that FFAs directly affect human skeletal muscle cell replication and inflammatory gene expression. The structural characteristics of FFAs play a decisive role in triggering both processes. Thus, the characterization of abundant FFA species in the skeletal muscle of obese individuals may become a useful tool to predict the progression of sarcopenic obesity. Abstract Age-related loss of skeletal muscle is associated with obesity and inflammation. In animal models, intramuscular fat deposits compromise muscle integrity; however, the relevant fat components that mediate muscular inflammation are not known. Previously, we hypothesized that free fatty acids (FFAs) may directly induce inflammatory gene expression in skeletal muscle cells of obese rats. Here, we examined this hypothesis in primary human skeletal myoblasts (SkMs) using multiplex expression analysis of 39 inflammatory proteins in response to different FFA species. Multiplex mRNA quantification confirmed that the IL6, IL1RA, IL4, LIF, CXCL8, CXCL1, CXCL12 and CCL2 genes were differentially regulated by saturated and unsaturated C16 or C18 FFAs. Fluorescence staining revealed that only saturated C16 and C18 strongly interfere with myoblast replication independent of desmin expression, mitochondrial abundance and oxidative activity. Furthermore, we addressed the possible implications of 71 human receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in FFA-mediated effects. Phosphorylated EphB6 and TNK2 were associated with impaired myoblast replication by saturated C16 and C18 FFAs. Our data suggest that abundant FFA species in human skeletal muscle tissue may play a decisive role in the progression of sarcopenic obesity by affecting inflammatory signals or myoblast replication.
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6
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Mengeste AM, Rustan AC, Lund J. Skeletal muscle energy metabolism in obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1582-1595. [PMID: 34464025 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Comparing energy metabolism in human skeletal muscle and primary skeletal muscle cells in obesity, while focusing on glucose and fatty acid metabolism, shows many common changes. Insulin-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and primary myotubes is decreased by obesity, whereas differences in basal glucose metabolism are inconsistent among studies. With respect to fatty acid metabolism, there is an increased uptake and storage of fatty acids and a reduced complete lipolysis, suggesting alterations in lipid turnover. In addition, fatty acid oxidation is decreased, probably at the level of complete oxidation, as β -oxidation may be enhanced in obesity, which indicates mitochondrial dysfunction. Metabolic changes in skeletal muscle with obesity promote metabolic inflexibility, ectopic lipid accumulation, and formation of toxic lipid intermediates. Skeletal muscle also acts as an endocrine organ, secreting myokines that participate in interorgan cross talk. This review highlights interventions and some possible targets for treatment through action on skeletal muscle energy metabolism. Effects of exercise in vivo on obesity have been compared with simulation of endurance exercise in vitro on myotubes (electrical pulse stimulation). Possible pharmaceutical targets, including signaling pathways and drug candidates that could modify lipid storage and turnover or increase mitochondrial function or cellular energy expenditure through adaptive thermogenic mechanisms, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel M Mengeste
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild C Rustan
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jenny Lund
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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7
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Yoon H, Shaw JL, Haigis MC, Greka A. Lipid metabolism in sickness and in health: Emerging regulators of lipotoxicity. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3708-3730. [PMID: 34547235 PMCID: PMC8620413 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipids play crucial roles in signal transduction, contribute to the structural integrity of cellular membranes, and regulate energy metabolism. Questions remain as to which lipid species maintain metabolic homeostasis and which disrupt essential cellular functions, leading to metabolic disorders. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding lipid metabolism with a focus on catabolism, synthesis, and signaling. Technical advances, including functional genomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, lipid-protein interaction maps, and advances in mass spectrometry, have uncovered new ways to prioritize molecular mechanisms mediating lipid function. By reviewing what is known about the distinct effects of specific lipid species in physiological pathways, we provide a framework for understanding newly identified targets regulating lipid homeostasis with implications for ameliorating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejin Yoon
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jillian L Shaw
- Kidney Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Kidney Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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8
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Isesele PO, Mazurak VC. Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cell Differentiation by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Critical Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:682091. [PMID: 34149458 PMCID: PMC8209368 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.682091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is composed of multinuclear cells called myofibres, which are formed by the fusion of myoblasts during development. The size of the muscle fiber and mass of skeletal muscle are altered in response to several pathological and physiological conditions. Skeletal muscle regeneration is primarily mediated by muscle stem cells called satellite cells (SCs). In response to injury, these SCs replenish myogenic progenitor cells to form new myofibers to repair damaged muscle. During myogenesis, activated SCs proliferate and differentiate to myoblast and then fuse with one another to form muscle fibers. A reduced number of SCs and an inability to undergo myogenesis may contribute to skeletal muscle disorders such as atrophy, cachexia, and sarcopenia. Myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) are transcription factors that regulate myogenesis and determines whether SCs will be in the quiescent, activated, committed, or differentiated state. Mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative stress play a role in the determination of the fate of SCs. The potential activation and function of SCs are also affected by inflammation during skeletal muscle regeneration. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) show promise to reduce inflammation, maintain muscle mass during aging, and increase the functional capacity of the muscle. The aim of this critical review is to highlight the role of omega-3 PUFAs on the myogenic differentiation of SCs and pathways affected during the differentiation process, including mitochondrial function and inflammation from the current body of literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter O Isesele
- Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vera C Mazurak
- Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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9
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Sergi D, Luscombe-Marsh N, Heilbronn LK, Birch-Machin M, Naumovski N, Lionetti L, Proud CG, Abeywardena MY, O'Callaghan N. The Inhibition of Metabolic Inflammation by EPA Is Associated with Enhanced Mitochondrial Fusion and Insulin Signaling in Human Primary Myotubes. J Nutr 2021; 151:810-819. [PMID: 33561210 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained fuel excess triggers low-grade inflammation that can drive mitochondrial dysfunction, a pivotal defect in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether inflammation in skeletal muscle can be prevented by EPA, and if this is associated with an improvement in mitochondrial fusion, membrane potential, and insulin signaling. METHODS Human primary myotubes were treated for 24 h with palmitic acid (PA, 500 μM) under hyperglycemic conditions (13 mM glucose), which represents nutrient overload, and in the presence or absence of EPA (100 μM). After the treatments, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PPARGC1A) and IL6 was assessed by q-PCR. Western blot was used to measure the abundance of the inhibitor of NF-κB (IKBA), mitofusin-2 (MFN2), mitochondrial electron transport chain complex proteins, and insulin-dependent AKT (Ser473) and AKT substrate 160 (AS 160; Thr642) phosphorylation. Mitochondrial dynamics and membrane potential were evaluated using immunocytochemistry and the JC-1 (tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide) dye, respectively. Data were analyzed using 1-factor ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. RESULTS Nutrient excess activated the proinflammatory NFκB signaling marked by a decrease in IKBA (40%; P < 0.05) and the upregulation of IL6 mRNA (12-fold; P < 0.001). It also promoted mitochondrial fragmentation (53%; P < 0.001). All these effects were counteracted by EPA. Furthermore, nutrient overload-induced drop in mitochondrial membrane potential (6%; P < 0.05) was prevented by EPA. Finally, EPA inhibited fuel surplus-induced impairment in insulin-mediated phosphorylation of AKT (235%; P < 0.01) and AS160 (49%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS EPA inhibited NFκB signaling, which was associated with an attenuation of the deleterious effects of PA and hyperglycemia on both mitochondrial health and insulin signaling in human primary myotubes. Thus, EPA might preserve skeletal muscle metabolic health during sustained fuel excess but this requires confirmation in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Natalie Luscombe-Marsh
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Leonie K Heilbronn
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes & Metabolism, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark Birch-Machin
- Dermatological Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lilla' Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli," University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Nutrition, Diabetes & Metabolism, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mahinda Y Abeywardena
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nathan O'Callaghan
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
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10
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Wang L, Xu Z, Ling D, Li J, Wang Y, Shan T. The regulatory role of dietary factors in skeletal muscle development, regeneration and function. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:764-782. [PMID: 33021403 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1828812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in motor function, respiration, and whole-body energy homeostasis. How to regulate the development and function of skeletal muscle has become a hot research topic for improving lifestyle and extending life span. Numerous transcription factors and nutritional factors have been clarified are closely associated with the regulation of skeletal muscle development, regeneration and function. In this article, the roles of different dietary factors including green tea, quercetin, curcumin (CUR), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and resveratrol (RES) in regulating skeletal muscle development, muscle mass, muscle function, and muscle recovery have been summarized and discussed. We also reviewed the potential regulatory molecular mechanism of these factors. Based on the current findings, dietary factors may be used as a potential therapeutic agent to treat skeletal muscle dysfunction as well as its related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Defeng Ling
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Lucchinetti E, Lou PH, Hersberger M, Clanachan AS, Zaugg M. Diabetic Rat Hearts Show More Favorable Metabolic Adaptation to Omegaven Containing High Amounts of n3 Fatty Acids Than Intralipid Containing n6 Fatty Acids. Anesth Analg 2020; 131:943-954. [PMID: 32398434 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While Omegaven, an omega-3 (n3) fatty acid-based lipid emulsion, fosters insulin signaling in healthy hearts, it is unknown whether beneficial metabolic effects occur in insulin-resistant diabetic hearts. METHODS Diabetic hearts from fructose-fed Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused in the working mode for 90 minutes in the presence of 11 mM glucose and 1.2 mM palmitate bound to albumin, the first 30 minutes without insulin followed by 60 minutes with insulin (50 mU/L). Hearts were randomly allocated to Intralipid (25 and 100 µM), Omegaven (25 and 100 µM), or no emulsion (insulin alone) for 60 minutes. Glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, and glucose oxidation were measured with the radioactive tracers [5-H]glucose and [U-C]glucose. Central carbon metabolites, acyl-coenzyme A species (acyl-CoAs), ketoacids, purines, phosphocreatine, acylcarnitines, and acyl composition of phospholipids were measured with mass spectrometry. RESULTS Diabetic hearts showed no response to insulin with regard to glycolytic flux, consistent with insulin resistance. Addition of either lipid emulsion did not alter this response but unexpectedly increased glucose oxidation (ratio of treatment/baseline, ie, fold change): no insulin 1.3 (0.3) [mean (standard deviation)], insulin alone 1.4 (0.4), insulin + 25 µM Intralipid 1.8 (0.5), insulin + 100 µM Intralipid 2.2 (0.4), P < .001; no insulin 1.3 (0.3), insulin alone 1.4 (0.4), insulin + 25 µM Omegaven 2.3 (0.5) insulin + 100 µM Omegaven 1.9 (0.4), P < .001. Intralipid treatment led to accumulation of acylcarnitines as a result of the released linoleic acid (C18:2-n6) and enhanced its integration into phospholipids, consistent with incomplete or impaired β-oxidation necessitating a compensatory increase in glucose oxidation. Accumulation of acylcarnitines was also associated with a higher nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced/oxidized (NADH/NAD) ratio, which inhibited pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), and resulted in excess lactate production. In contrast, Omegaven-treated hearts showed no acylcarnitine accumulation, low malonyl-CoA concentrations consistent with activated β-oxidation, and elevated PDH activity and glucose oxidation, together indicative of a higher metabolic rate possibly by substrate cycling. CONCLUSIONS Omegaven is the preferred lipid emulsion for insulin-resistant diabetic hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phing-How Lou
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Zaugg
- Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Grunwald SA, Popp O, Haafke S, Jedraszczak N, Grieben U, Saar K, Patone G, Kress W, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Dittmar G, Spuler S. Statin-induced myopathic changes in primary human muscle cells and reversal by a prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2158. [PMID: 32034223 PMCID: PMC7005895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Statin-related muscle side effects are a constant healthcare problem since patient compliance is dependent on side effects. Statins reduce plasma cholesterol levels and can prevent secondary cardiovascular diseases. Although statin-induced muscle damage has been studied, preventive or curative therapies are yet to be reported. We exposed primary human muscle cell populations (n = 22) to a lipophilic (simvastatin) and a hydrophilic (rosuvastatin) statin and analyzed their expressome. Data and pathway analyses included GOrilla, Reactome and DAVID. We measured mevalonate intracellularly and analyzed eicosanoid profiles secreted by human muscle cells. Functional assays included proliferation and differentiation quantification. More than 1800 transcripts and 900 proteins were differentially expressed after exposure to statins. Simvastatin had a stronger effect on the expressome than rosuvastatin, but both statins influenced cholesterol biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, eicosanoid synthesis, proliferation, and differentiation of human muscle cells. Cultured human muscle cells secreted ω-3 and ω-6 derived eicosanoids and prostaglandins. The ω-6 derived metabolites were found at higher levels secreted from simvastatin-treated primary human muscle cells. Eicosanoids rescued muscle cell differentiation. Our data suggest a new aspect on the role of skeletal muscle in cholesterol metabolism. For clinical practice, the addition of omega-n fatty acids might be suitable to prevent or treat statin-myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Anke Grunwald
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany.
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany.
| | - Oliver Popp
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Stefanie Haafke
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Nicole Jedraszczak
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grieben
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Kathrin Saar
- Genetics and Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Giannino Patone
- Genetics and Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Wolfram Kress
- Institute for Human Genetics, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | | | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Simone Spuler
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany.
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany.
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Lanchais K, Capel F, Tournadre A. Could Omega 3 Fatty Acids Preserve Muscle Health in Rheumatoid Arthritis? Nutrients 2020; 12:E223. [PMID: 31952247 PMCID: PMC7019846 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a high prevalence of death due to cardiometabolic diseases. As observed during the aging process, several comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disorders (CVD), insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and sarcopenia, are frequently associated to RA. These abnormalities could be closely linked to alterations in lipid metabolism. Indeed, RA patients exhibit a lipid paradox, defined by reduced levels of total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol whereas the CVD risk is increased. Moreover, the accumulation of toxic lipid mediators (i.e., lipotoxicity) in skeletal muscles can induce mitochondrial dysfunctions and insulin resistance, which are both crucial determinants of CVD and sarcopenia. The prevention or reversion of these biological perturbations in RA patients could contribute to the maintenance of muscle health and thus be protective against the increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases, dysmobility and mortality. Yet, several studies have shown that omega 3 fatty acids (FA) could prevent the development of RA, improve muscle metabolism and limit muscle atrophy in obese and insulin-resistant subjects. Thereby, dietary supplementation with omega 3 FA should be a promising strategy to counteract muscle lipotoxicity and for the prevention of comorbidities in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra Lanchais
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), 28 Place Henri Dunant—BP 38, UFR Médecine, UMR1019, 63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Frederic Capel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), 28 Place Henri Dunant—BP 38, UFR Médecine, UMR1019, 63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Anne Tournadre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), 28 Place Henri Dunant—BP 38, UFR Médecine, UMR1019, 63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.L.); (A.T.)
- CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Service de rhumatologie, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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