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Vogliardi A, Ruffato G, Dal Zilio S, Bonaldo D, Romanato F. Dual-functional metalenses for the polarization-controlled generation of focalized vector beams in the telecom infrared. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10327. [PMID: 37365197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of static tiny optical devices is mandatory to reduce the complexity of optical paths that typically use dynamic optical components and/or many standard elements for the generation of complex states of light, leading to unprecedented levels of miniaturization and compactness of optical systems. In particular, the design of flat and integrated optical elements capable of multiple vector beams generation with high resolution in the visible and infrared range is very attractive in many fields, from life science to information and communication technology. In this regard, we propose dual-functional transmission dielectric metalenses that act simultaneously on the dynamic and geometric phases in order to manipulate independently right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized states of light and generate focused vector beams in a compact and versatile way. In the specific, starting from the mathematical fundamentals for the compact generation of vector beams using dual-functional optical elements, we provide the numerical algorithms for the computation of metaoptics and apply those techniques to the design and fabrication of silicon metalenses which are able to generate and focus different vector beams in the telecom infrared, depending on the linear polarization state in input. This approach provides new integrated optics for applications in the fields of high-resolution microscopy, optical manipulation, and optical communications, both in the classical and single-photon regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vogliardi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy 'G. Galilei', University of Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35127, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ruffato
- Department of Physics and Astronomy 'G. Galilei', University of Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35127, Padua, Italy.
| | - Simone Dal Zilio
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, S.S. 14-Km. 163,5, 34149, Trieste (TS), Italy
| | - Daniele Bonaldo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy 'G. Galilei', University of Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- Department of Physics and Astronomy 'G. Galilei', University of Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35127, Padua, Italy
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, S.S. 14-Km. 163,5, 34149, Trieste (TS), Italy
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Virzì S, Avella A, Piacentini F, Gramegna M, Opatrný T, Kofman AG, Kurizki G, Gherardini S, Caruso F, Degiovanni IP, Genovese M. Quantum Zeno and Anti-Zeno Probes of Noise Correlations in Photon Polarization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:030401. [PMID: 35905356 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, noise diagnostics by repeated quantum measurements, establishing the ability of a single photon subjected to random polarization noise to diagnose non-Markovian temporal correlations of such a noise process. Both the noise spectrum and temporal correlations are diagnosed by probing the photon with frequent (partially) selective polarization measurements. We show that noise with positive temporal correlations corresponds to our single photon undergoing a dynamical regime enabled by the quantum Zeno effect (QZE), whereas noise characterized by negative (anti) correlations corresponds to regimes associated with the anti-Zeno effect (AZE). This is the first step toward a novel noise spectroscopy based on QZE and AZE in single-photon state probing able to extract information on the noise while protecting the probe state, a conceptual paradigm shift with respect to traditional interferometric measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Virzì
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessio Avella
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piacentini
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Gramegna
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Tomáš Opatrný
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Abraham G Kofman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel and Department of Physics, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Gershon Kurizki
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Stefano Gherardini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), Area Science Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Caruso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), Area Science Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivo Pietro Degiovanni
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy and INFN, sezione di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Genovese
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy and INFN, sezione di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Mittal V, Raj A, Dey S, Goyal SK. Persistence of topological phases in non-Hermitian quantum walks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10262. [PMID: 33986329 PMCID: PMC8119463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Discrete-time quantum walks are known to exhibit exotic topological states and phases. Physical realization of quantum walks in a lossy environment may destroy these phases. We investigate the behaviour of topological states in quantum walks in the presence of a lossy environment. The environmental effects in the quantum walk dynamics are addressed using the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian approach. We show that the topological phases of the quantum walks are robust against moderate losses. The topological order in one-dimensional split-step quantum walk persists as long as the Hamiltonian respects exact [Formula: see text]-symmetry. Although the topological nature persists in two-dimensional quantum walks as well, the [Formula: see text]-symmetry has no role to play there. Furthermore, we observe topological phase transition in two-dimensional quantum walks that is induced by losses in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Mittal
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, PO 140306, Manauli, Punjab, India
| | - Aswathy Raj
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Sanjib Dey
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, PO 140306, Manauli, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep K Goyal
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, PO 140306, Manauli, Punjab, India.
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Shen Y, Nape I, Yang X, Fu X, Gong M, Naidoo D, Forbes A. Creation and control of high-dimensional multi-partite classically entangled light. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:50. [PMID: 33686054 PMCID: PMC7940607 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Vector beams, non-separable in spatial mode and polarisation, have emerged as enabling tools in many diverse applications, from communication to imaging. This applicability has been achieved by sophisticated laser designs controlling the spin and orbital angular momentum, but so far is restricted to only two-dimensional states. Here we demonstrate the first vectorially structured light created and fully controlled in eight dimensions, a new state-of-the-art. We externally modulate our beam to control, for the first time, the complete set of classical Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states in paraxial structured light beams, in analogy with high-dimensional multi-partite quantum entangled states, and introduce a new tomography method to verify their fidelity. Our complete theoretical framework reveals a rich parameter space for further extending the dimensionality and degrees of freedom, opening new pathways for vectorially structured light in the classical and quantum regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Shen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa.
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Isaac Nape
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa
| | - Xilin Yang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Mali Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Darryl Naidoo
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa
- CSIR National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Andrew Forbes
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa.
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Shen Y, Wang X, Xie Z, Min C, Fu X, Liu Q, Gong M, Yuan X. Optical vortices 30 years on: OAM manipulation from topological charge to multiple singularities. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:90. [PMID: 31645934 PMCID: PMC6804826 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Thirty years ago, Coullet et al. proposed that a special optical field exists in laser cavities bearing some analogy with the superfluid vortex. Since then, optical vortices have been widely studied, inspired by the hydrodynamics sharing similar mathematics. Akin to a fluid vortex with a central flow singularity, an optical vortex beam has a phase singularity with a certain topological charge, giving rise to a hollow intensity distribution. Such a beam with helical phase fronts and orbital angular momentum reveals a subtle connection between macroscopic physical optics and microscopic quantum optics. These amazing properties provide a new understanding of a wide range of optical and physical phenomena, including twisting photons, spin-orbital interactions, Bose-Einstein condensates, etc., while the associated technologies for manipulating optical vortices have become increasingly tunable and flexible. Hitherto, owing to these salient properties and optical manipulation technologies, tunable vortex beams have engendered tremendous advanced applications such as optical tweezers, high-order quantum entanglement, and nonlinear optics. This article reviews the recent progress in tunable vortex technologies along with their advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, 100084 Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Public Safety Risk Perception and Control by Big Data (NEL-PSRPC), China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology of CETC, China Electronic Technology Group Corporation, 100041 Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwei Xie
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China
| | - Changjun Min
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, 100084 Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, 100084 Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Mali Gong
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, 100084 Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocong Yuan
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China
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