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Sahu U, Biswas D, Prajapati VK, Singh AK, Samant M, Khare P. Interleukin-17-A multifaceted cytokine in viral infections. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8000-8019. [PMID: 34133758 PMCID: PMC8426678 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are a major threat to the human population due to the lack of selective therapeutic measures. The morbidity and mortality reported worldwide are very alarming against viral pathogens. The proinflammatory environment is required for viral inhibition by initiating the host immune response. The host immune response fights these pathogens by secreting different cytokines. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) a proinflammatory cytokine mainly produced by T helper type 17 cells, plays a vital role in the regulation of host immune response against various pathogens, including viruses. However, dysregulated production of IL-17 induces chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and may lead to cancer. Recent studies suggest that IL-17 is not only involved in the antiviral immune response but also promotes virus-mediated illnesses. In this review, we discuss the protective and pathogenic role of IL-17 against various viral infections. A detailed understanding of IL-17 during viral infections could contribute to improve therapeutic measures and enable the development of an efficient and safe IL-17 based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsha Sahu
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesBhopalMadhya PradeshIndia
| | - Debasis Biswas
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesBhopalMadhya PradeshIndia
| | | | - Anirudh K. Singh
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesBhopalMadhya PradeshIndia
| | - Mukesh Samant
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of ZoologyKumaun UniversityAlmoraUttarakhandIndia
| | - Prashant Khare
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesBhopalMadhya PradeshIndia
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Huang D, Dong W, Wang Q. Spatial and temporal analysis of human infection with the avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in China and research on a risk assessment agent-based model. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 106:386-394. [PMID: 33857607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES From 2013 to 2017, the avian influenza A (H7N9) virus frequently infected people in China, which seriously affected the public health of society. This study aimed to analyze the spatial characteristics of human infection with the H7N9 virus in China and assess the risk areas of the epidemic. METHODS Using kernel density estimation, standard deviation ellipse analysis, spatial and temporal scanning cluster analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis, the spatial characteristics and possible risk factors of the epidemic were studied. Meteorological factors, time (month), and environmental factors were combined to establish an epidemic risk assessment proxy model to assess the risk range of an epidemic. RESULTS The epidemic situation was significantly correlated with atmospheric pressure, temperature, and daily precipitation (P < 0.05), and there were six temporal and spatial clusters. The fitting accuracy of the epidemic risk assessment agent-based model for lower-risk, low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk was 0.795, 0.672, 0.853, 0.825, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This H7N9 epidemic was found to have more outbreaks in winter and spring. It gradually spread to the inland areas of China. This model reflects the risk areas of human infection with the H7N9 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Huang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China; GIS Technology Engineering Research Centre for West-China Resources and Environment of Educational Ministry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wen Dong
- GIS Technology Engineering Research Centre for West-China Resources and Environment of Educational Ministry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China; Faculty Of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China; GIS Technology Engineering Research Centre for West-China Resources and Environment of Educational Ministry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
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Muñoz-Moreno R, Martínez-Romero C, Blanco-Melo D, Forst CV, Nachbagauer R, Benitez AA, Mena I, Aslam S, Balasubramaniam V, Lee I, Panis M, Ayllón J, Sachs D, Park MS, Krammer F, tenOever BR, García-Sastre A. Viral Fitness Landscapes in Diverse Host Species Reveal Multiple Evolutionary Lines for the NS1 Gene of Influenza A Viruses. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3997-4009.e5. [PMID: 31851929 PMCID: PMC7010214 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) have a remarkable tropism in their ability to
circulate in both mammalian and avian species. The IAV NS1 protein is a
multifunctional virulence factor that inhibits the type I interferon host
response through a myriad of mechanisms. How NS1 has evolved to enable this
remarkable property across species and its specific impact in the overall
replication, pathogenicity, and host preference remain unknown. Here we analyze
the NS1 evolutionary landscape and host tropism using a barcoded library of
recombinant IAVs. Results show a surprisingly great variety of NS1 phenotypes
according to their ability to replicate in different hosts. The IAV NS1 genes
appear to have taken diverse and random evolutionary pathways within their
multiple phylogenetic lineages. In summary, the high evolutionary plasticity of
this viral protein underscores the ability of IAVs to adapt to multiple hosts
and aids in our understanding of its global prevalence. Muñoz-Moreno et al. report that influenza A virus NS1 undergoes
diverse and unpredictable evolutionary pathways based on its different
phylogenetic lineages. A high-throughput approach using a barcoded library is
used to test the interactions between NS1-recombinant viruses and to study their
preference for specific or multiple hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Muñoz-Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carles Martínez-Romero
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel Blanco-Melo
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christian V Forst
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Asiel Arturo Benitez
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ignacio Mena
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sadaf Aslam
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vinod Balasubramaniam
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Ilseob Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maryline Panis
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Juan Ayllón
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - David Sachs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Benjamin R tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Shan X, Wang Y, Song R, Wei W, Liao H, Huang H, Xu C, Chen L, Li S. Spatial and temporal clusters of avian influenza a (H7N9) virus in humans across five epidemics in mainland China: an epidemiological study of laboratory-confirmed cases. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:630. [PMID: 32842978 PMCID: PMC7449057 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian influenza A (H7N9) virus was first reported in mainland China in 2013, and alarming in 2016–17 due to the surge across a wide geographic area. Our study aimed to identify and explore the spatial and temporal variation across five epidemics to reinforce the epidemic prevention and control. Methods We collected spatial and temporal information about all laboratory-confirmed human cases of A (H7N9) virus infection reported in mainland China covering 2013–17 from the open source. The autocorrelation analysis and intensity of cases were used to analyse the spatial cluster while circular distribution method was used to analyse the temporal cluster. Results Across the five epidemics, a total of 1553 laboratory-confirmed human cases with A (H7N9) virus were reported in mainland China. The global Moran’s I index values of five epidemic were 0.610, 0.132, 0.308, 0.306, 0.336 respectively, among which the differences were statistically significant. The highest intensity was present in the Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region, and the range enlarged from the east of China to inner provinces and even the west of China across the five epidemics. The temporal clusters of the five epidemics were statistically significant, and the peak period was from the end of January to April with the first and the fifth epidemic later than the mean peak period. Conclusions Spatial and temporal clusters of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in humans are obvious, moreover the regions existing clusters may enlarge across the five epidemics. Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region have the spatial cluster and the peak period is from January to April. The government should facilitate the tangible improvement for the epidemic preparedness according to the characteristics of spatial and temporal clusters of patients with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzheng Shan
- Prevention and Health Section, Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongqin Wang
- Prevention and Health Section, Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruihong Song
- Prevention and Health Section, Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxiu Liao
- Transaction Management and Information Department, Panzhihua City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Prevention and Health Section, Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunqiong Xu
- Prevention and Health Section, Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lvlin Chen
- Prevention and Health Section, Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyun Li
- Prevention and Health Section, Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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