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Qammar NW, Šiaučiūnaitė V, Zabiela V, Vainoras A, Ragulskis M. Detection of Atrial Fibrillation Episodes based on 3D Algebraic Relationships between Cardiac Intervals. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12122919. [PMID: 36552926 PMCID: PMC9776502 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12122919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the notion of perfect matrices of Lagrange differences is employed to detect atrial fibrillation episodes based on three ECG parameters (JT interval, QRS interval, RR interval). The case study comprised 8 healthy individuals and 7 unhealthy individuals, and the mean and standard deviation of age was 65.84 ± 1.4 years, height was 1.75 ± 0.12 m, and weight was 79.4 ± 0.9 kg. Initially, it was demonstrated that the sensitivity of algebraic relationships between cardiac intervals increases when the dimension of the perfect matrices of Lagrange differences is extended from two to three. The baseline dataset was established using statistical algorithms for classification by means of the developed decision support system. The classification helps to determine whether the new incoming candidate has indications of atrial fibrillation or not. The application of probability distribution graphs and semi-gauge indicator techniques aided in visualizing the categorization of the new candidates. Though the study's data are limited, this work provides a strong foundation for (1) validating the sensitivity of the perfect matrices of Lagrange differences, (2) establishing a robust baseline dataset for supervised classification, and (3) classifying new incoming candidates within the classification framework. From a clinical standpoint, the developed approach assists in the early detection of atrial fibrillation in an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseha Wafa Qammar
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaiva Šiaučiūnaitė
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Zabiela
- Cardiology Institute, The Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus g.9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Alfonsas Vainoras
- Cardiology Institute, The Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus g.9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Minvydas Ragulskis
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Butkevičiūtė E, Bikulčienė L, Blažauskas T. The unsupervised pattern recognition for the ECG signal features detection. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Qammar NW, Orinaitė U, Šiaučiūnaitė V, Vainoras A, Šakalytė G, Ragulskis M. The Complexity of the Arterial Blood Pressure Regulation during the Stress Test. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1256. [PMID: 35626410 PMCID: PMC9141350 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, two categories of persons with normal and high ABP are subjected to the bicycle stress test (9 persons with normal ABP and 10 persons with high ABP). All persons are physically active men but not professional sportsmen. The mean and the standard deviation of age is 41.11 ± 10.21 years; height 178.88 ± 0.071 m; weight 80.53 ± 10.01 kg; body mass index 25.10 ± 2.06 kg/m2. Machine learning algorithms are employed to build a set of rules for the classification of the performance during the stress test. The heart rate, the JT interval, and the blood pressure readings are observed during the load and the recovery phases of the exercise. Although it is obvious that the two groups of persons will behave differently throughout the bicycle stress test, with this novel study, we are able to detect subtle variations in the rate at which these changes occur. This paper proves that these differences are measurable and substantial to detect subtle differences in the self-organization of the human cardiovascular system. It is shown that the data collected during the load phase of the stress test plays a more significant role than the data collected during the recovery phase. The data collected from the two groups of persons are approximated by Gaussian distribution. The introduced classification algorithm based on the statistical analysis and the triangle coordinate system helps to determine whether the reaction of the cardiovascular system of a new candidate is more pronounced by an increased heart rate or an increased blood pressure during the stress test. The developed approach produces valuable information about the self-organization of human cardiovascular system during a physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseha Wafa Qammar
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 50-146, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania; (N.W.Q.); (U.O.); (V.Š.)
| | - Ugnė Orinaitė
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 50-146, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania; (N.W.Q.); (U.O.); (V.Š.)
| | - Vaiva Šiaučiūnaitė
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 50-146, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania; (N.W.Q.); (U.O.); (V.Š.)
| | - Alfonsas Vainoras
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu St. 17, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.V.); (G.Š.)
| | - Gintarė Šakalytė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu St. 17, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.V.); (G.Š.)
| | - Minvydas Ragulskis
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 50-146, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania; (N.W.Q.); (U.O.); (V.Š.)
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Šiaučiūnaitė V, Ragulskis M, Vainoras A, Dabiri B, Kaniusas E. Visualization of Complex Processes in Cardiovascular System during Electrical Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122190. [PMID: 34943427 PMCID: PMC8700405 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of human physiological systems from the point of view of complex systems theory remains a very ambitious task. The complexity of the problem often encourages the use of innovative mathematical methods analyzing the processes that take place in space and time. The main goal of this paper is to visualize the cardiovascular system during auricular vagus nerve stimulation (aVNS) using the matrix differences to evaluate the dynamic signal interfaces by cointegrating the initial signal data into the matrices during each case. Algebraic relationships between RR/JT and JT/QRS cardiac intervals are used not only to track the cardiovascular changes during aVNS but also to characterize individual features of the person during the transit through the therapy. This paper presents the computational techniques that can visualize the complex dynamical processes taking place in the cardiovascular system using the electrical aVNS therapy. Four healthy volunteers participated in two verum and two placebo experiments. We discovered that the body's reaction to the stimulation was very different in each of the cases, but the presented techniques opened new possibilities for a novel interpretation of the dynamics of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaiva Šiaučiūnaitė
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Kaunas University of Technology, 51368 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: (V.Š.); (M.R.)
| | - Minvydas Ragulskis
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Kaunas University of Technology, 51368 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: (V.Š.); (M.R.)
| | - Alfonsas Vainoras
- Cardiology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Babak Dabiri
- Institute of Electrodynamics, Microwave and Circuit Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (B.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Eugenijus Kaniusas
- Institute of Electrodynamics, Microwave and Circuit Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (B.D.); (E.K.)
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Młyńczak M, Krysztofiak H. Respiratory Activity during Exercise: A Feasibility Study on Transition Point Estimation Using Impedance Pneumography. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21186233. [PMID: 34577438 PMCID: PMC8473346 DOI: 10.3390/s21186233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The current diagnostic procedures for assessing physiological response to exercise comprise blood lactates measurements, ergospirometry, and electrocardiography. The first is not continuous, the second requires specialized equipment distorting natural breathing, and the last is indirect. Therefore, we decided to perform the feasibility study with impedance pneumography as an alternative technique. We attempted to determine points in respiratory-related signals, acquired during stress test conditions, that suggest a transition similar to the gas exchange threshold. In addition, we analyzed whether or not respiratory activity reaches steady states during graded exercise. Forty-four students (35 females), practicing sports on different levels, performed a graded exercise test until exhaustion on cycloergometer. Eventually, the results from 34 of them were used. The data were acquired with Pneumonitor 2. The signals demonstrated that the steady state phenomenon is not as evident as for heart rate. The results indicated respiratory rate approaches show the transition point at the earliest (more than 6 min before the end of the exercise test on average), and the tidal volume ones at the latest (less than 5 min). A combination gave intermediate findings. The results showed the impedance pneumography appears reasonable for the transition point estimation, but this should be further studied with the reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Młyńczak
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Hubert Krysztofiak
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
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Physiologic changes of ECG parameters in actors during performance – reaction complexity. JOURNAL OF COMPLEXITY IN HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.21595/chs.2020.21840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Deng B, Shou X, Ren A, Liu X, Wang Q, Wang B, Wang Y, Yan T, Zhao X, Zhu L. Effect of aerobic training on exercise capacity and quality of life in patients older than 75 years with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Physiother Theory Pract 2020; 38:1135-1144. [PMID: 32991232 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2020.1825580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited clinical studies are available on early exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in elderly acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise on exercise capacity and quality of life (QoL) in such patients. METHODS Seventy elderly patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in Zhejiang Hospital during August 2016-June 2017 were randomly divided into the control (n = 35) or cardiac rehabilitation group (CR, n = 35). The control group was treated with standard medical treatments without exercise, whereas the CR group was treated with standard medical treatments and exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. General information, cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) results, responses to QoL and mental health questionnaires, and clinical outcomes and safety were collected. RESULTS The CR group safely finished CPET and the 12-week exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. After the 12-week intervention, the CR group showed significant differences in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and greater improvements in VO2max, compared with the control group. The CR group showed statistically significant differences in QoL and mental health compared with the control group. CONCLUSION CPET-based exercise in cardiac rehabilitation can safely increase exercise capacity and QoL in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingying Deng
- Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Shou
- Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Aihua Ren
- Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xinwen Liu
- Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qinan Wang
- Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bozhong Wang
- Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhao
- Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liyue Zhu
- Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
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