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Verma K, Manisha M, Santrupt RM, Anirudha TP, Goswami S, Sekhar M, Ramesh N, M S MK, Chanakya HN, Rao L. Assessing groundwater recharge rates, water quality changes, and agricultural impacts of large-scale water recycling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162869. [PMID: 36933723 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The over-exploitation and insufficient replenishment of groundwater (GW) have resulted in a pressing need to conserve freshwater and reuse of treated wastewater. To address this issue, the Government of Karnataka launched a large-scale recycling (440 million liters/day) scheme to indirectly recharge GW using secondary treated municipal wastewater (STW) in drought-prone areas of Kolar district in southern India. This recycling employs soil aquifer treatment (SAT) technology, which involves filling surface run-off tanks with STW that intentionally infiltrate and recharge aquifers. This study quantifies the impact of STW recycling on GW recharge rates, levels, and quality in the crystalline aquifers of peninsular India. The study area is characterized by hard rock aquifers with fractured gneiss, granites, schists, and highly fractured weathered rocks. The agricultural impacts of the improved GW table are also quantified by comparing areas receiving STW to those not receiving it, and changes before and after STW recycling were measured. The AMBHAS_1D model was used to estimate the recharge rates and showed a tenfold increase in daily recharge rates, resulting in a significant increase in the GW levels. The results indicate that the surface water in the rejuvenated tanks meets the country's stringent water discharge standards for STW. The GW levels of the studied boreholes increased by 58-73 %, and the GW quality improved significantly, turning hard water into soft water. Land use land cover studies confirmed an increase in the number of water bodies, trees, and cultivated land. The availability of GW significantly improved agricultural productivity (11-42 %), milk productivity (33 %), and fish productivity (341 %). The study's outcomes are expected to serve as a role model for the rest of Indian metro cities and demonstrate the potential of reusing STW to achieve a circular economy and a water-resilient system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Verma
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - Manjari Manisha
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - R M Santrupt
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - T P Anirudha
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Shubham Goswami
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - M Sekhar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - N Ramesh
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohan Kumar M S
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - H N Chanakya
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Lakshminarayana Rao
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Manisha M, Verma K, Ramesh N, Anirudha TP, Santrupt RM, Das R, Mohan Kumar MS, Chanakya HN, Rao L. Socio-economic impact assessment of large-scale recycling of treated municipal wastewater for indirect groundwater recharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160207. [PMID: 36402318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reusing treated wastewater is an emerging solution to address freshwater scarcity, and surface water contamination faced worldwide. A unique large-scale wastewater recycling project was implemented to replenish groundwater by filling secondary treated wastewater (STW) into existing irrigation tanks in severely drought-hit areas of the Kolar districts of Southern India. This study quantifies the socio-economic impacts of this large-scale indirect groundwater recharge scheme. The changes in areas receiving STW i.e., impacted areas and those areas which did not receive STW i.e., non-impacted areas was studied. Also, pre and post recycling changes were quantified in the Kolar district. The results show that surface water quality meets India's most stringent treated wastewater discharge standards prescribed by the Hon'ble National Green Tribunal. Due to these recycling efforts, significant improvements in groundwater level and quality were found. It was observed that there was a noticeable difference in agricultural cropping areas, seasons, patterns, and production between impacted and non-impacted areas. Post-recycling, farmers tended to cultivate cash and water-intensive crops over less water-intensive crops. During the post-recycling period, livestock and milk production also increased, and in impacted areas, it was significantly higher. Post-recycling, fish production increased and land prices per hectare increased by 118 % in impacted areas. The farmer's net income under flowers and vegetable farming increased by 202 % and 150 % respectively in impacted areas compared to non-impacted areas. Furthermore, this project contributes to a circular economy transition in the water sector, which has economic, environmental, social, and cultural benefits. A key recommendation from the outcomes of the study is to draft and implement a policy that encourages the reuse of recycled water for groundwater recharge which in turn will improve the agro-economic system and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Manisha
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Kavita Verma
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - N Ramesh
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - T P Anirudha
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - R M Santrupt
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Reshmi Das
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - M S Mohan Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India; Gitam University, India
| | - H N Chanakya
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lakshminarayana Rao
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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Han M, Zhou S, Qin JG, Ma Z, Yu G. Comparison of digestive, immune and antioxidant enzyme activities of mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) in the wild and under captivity. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1844715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Han
- Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Zhou
- Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian G. Qin
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zhenhua Ma
- Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Yu
- Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, People’s Republic of China
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Huang JN, Wen B, Meng LJ, Li XX, Wang MH, Gao JZ, Chen ZZ. Integrated response of growth, antioxidant defense and isotopic composition to microplastics in juvenile guppy (Poecilia reticulata). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:123044. [PMID: 32521315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution becomes a research hotspot and many studies focus on threats of MPs, but few have integrated multi-level indicators to assess response to MPs of organisms. Here we exposed guppy (Poecilia reticulata) to MPs (polystyrene; 32-40 μm diameter) with two concentrations (100 and 1000 μg/L) for 28 days. We found that higher accumulation of MPs appeared in guppy gill than that in gut. MPs had no obvious effect on guppy growth but significantly inhibited the condition factor. Oxidative stress presented in guppy viscera with activated antioxidants. The decline of Na+/K+-ATP activity in guppy indicated that MPs might interfere with the osmotic balance of gills. MPs reduced body molar ratio of C:N and δ13C value, but no apparent impact on δ15N. It implied that MPs probably altered elemental transition. Eventually, through integrated biomarkers response index (IBR) of guppy, we found that catalase activity was the highest index in response to MPs, and the response of growth performance to MPs was lower than that of oxidative stress and element alteration. Risks of MPs aggravated in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggested that multi-level IBR approach should be adopted to quantify effects of MPs on aquatic organisms, especially on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nan Huang
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bin Wen
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Liu-Jiang Meng
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mei-Hui Wang
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Gao
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zai-Zhong Chen
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Huang JN, Wen B, Zhu JG, Zhang YS, Gao JZ, Chen ZZ. Exposure to microplastics impairs digestive performance, stimulates immune response and induces microbiota dysbiosis in the gut of juvenile guppy (Poecilia reticulata). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:138929. [PMID: 32466972 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are widely distributing in aquatic environment. They are easily ingested by aquatic organisms and accumulate in digestive tract especially of intestine. To explore the potential effects of MPs on intestine, here we, using juvenile guppy (Poecilia reticulata) as experimental animal, investigated the response characteristics of digestion, immunity and gut microbiota. After exposure to 100 and 1000 μg/L concentrations of MPs (polystyrene; 32-40 μm diameters) for 28 days, we observed that MPs could exist in guppy gut and induce enlargement of goblet cells. Activities of digestive enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase) in guppy gut generally reduced. MPs stimulated the expression of immune cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, TLR4 and IL-6). Through high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, decreases in diversity and evenness and changed composition of microbiota were found in guppy gut. PICRUSt analysis revealed that MPs might have effects on intestinal microbiota functions, such as inhibition of metabolism and repair pathway. Our findings suggested that MPs could retain in the gut of juvenile guppy, impair digestive performance, stimulate immune response and induce microbiota dysbiosis in guppy gut. The results obtained here provide new insights into the potential risks of MPs to aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nan Huang
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bin Wen
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhu
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yan-Shen Zhang
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Gao
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zai-Zhong Chen
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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