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Stepansky L, Ruppel R, Sommerfeld L, Kleiß J, Türkan K, Arndt S, Bickelhaupt S, Knoll F, Uder M, May MS. Adrenal gland volume measurement in depressed patients. J Psychiatr Res 2025; 187:74-79. [PMID: 40347628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2025] [Accepted: 05/05/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior studies have shown contradicting results regarding adrenal gland volume (AGV) in depressed patients, with some reporting significant enlargement and others not. The aim of this study was to retrospectively compare CT image segmentations of the adrenal glands in patients with depression to a control group with stringent exclusion criteria to minimize confounding factors. METHODS We included patients diagnosed with depression (ICD-10: F32/33) who underwent abdominal CT imaging between 2012 and 2022 and did not have any other psychiatric disorders. Diagnoses that could potentially influence AGV were excluded. The resulting 31 depressed patients were compared to a matching control group of 31 patients without depression. The AGV was manually segmented in thin-sliced reconstructions (≤1 mm). RESULTS Total AGV in the depressed group was 6.78 (5.19-7.56) cm3 compared to 6.90 (5.54-10.05) cm3 in the control group. There was no significant difference in AGV between the two groups after adjusting for age, height, and weight. A positive correlation was observed between AGV and height (r = 0.41, p < 0.001) and weight (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). Males showed significantly larger AGV than females (p ≤ 0.001), and left AGV was significantly larger than right AGV (p < 0.001). Patients within the depressed group who underwent imaging after a suicide attempt showed larger total AGV compared to the control group, though not statistically significant. CONCLUSION AGV is not increased in the well-selected cohort of depressed patients in this study, which contrasts with some previous reports in literature. Further multi-centric studies are required to identify potentially influencing factors such as attempted suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Stepansky
- Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Richard Ruppel
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Sommerfeld
- Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joy Kleiß
- Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kaan Türkan
- Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Arndt
- Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Medical Centre for Information and Communication Technology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bickelhaupt
- Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Knoll
- Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Werner-von-Siemens Straße 61, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Imaging Science Institute, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Stefan May
- Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Imaging Science Institute, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Lin F, Deng Y, Xiao L, Liu C, Li J. Genetic overlap between major depressive disorder and obstructive sleep apnea. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1464396. [PMID: 39564461 PMCID: PMC11574086 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1464396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Observational studies have frequently shown a co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders and Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), with major depressive disorder (MDD) being a prevalent psychiatric disorder. This study aims to investigate the genetic overlap between MDD and OSA to explore their underlying pathological mechanisms. Methods Leveraging the extensive and recent GWAS for OSA and MDD, we conducted genetic correlation analyses utilizing Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC), re-evaluated their pleiotropic Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with Cross-Phenotype Association (CPASSOC) and Colocalization (COLOC), investigated the overlap at the gene level using physical annotations and Multi-marker Analysis of GenoMic Annotation (MAGMA), and finally employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess potential causal relationships between the two disorders. Results Upon our investigation, we established that MDD and OSA exhibit high heritability (h2MDD=0.02, h2OSA=0.04) alongside a significant genetic correlation (rg=0.31, P= 1.42E-23). Utilizing CPASSOC, we identified 397 pleiotropic SNPs, associable with 45 loci, two of which share common genetic fragments with a pleiotropic role. Furthermore, the MAGMA study uncovered a total of 154 pleiotropic genes capable of influencing multiple brain regions. Lastly, leveraging MR analysis, we concluded that MDD heightens the risk of developing OSA (P=3. 10E-04, OR (95%CI):1.28(1.12~ 1.47)). Conclusion In summary, our study identified PCLO as a common gene between OSA and MDD and provided evidence that MDD causally contributes to the development of OSA. These insights enhance our understanding of the shared mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbo Lin
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First Hospital of Changsha), Changsha, China
| | - Yanyao Deng
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First Hospital of Changsha), Changsha, China
| | - Le Xiao
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First Hospital of Changsha), Changsha, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First Hospital of Changsha), Changsha, China
| | - Jie Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First Hospital of Changsha), Changsha, China
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Kong Y, Ji J, Zhan X, Yan W, Liu F, Ye P, Wang S, Tai J. Acetylome Analyses Provide New Insights into the Effect of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia on Hypothalamus-Dependent Endocrine Metabolism Impairment. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:559. [PMID: 39194497 DOI: 10.3390/biology13080559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder resulting in chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) that has been linked to metabolism and endocrine impairment. Protein acetylation, which is a frequently occurring posttranslational modification, plays pivotal roles in the regulation of hypothalamic processes. However, the effects of CIH-induced global protein acetylation on hypothalamic function and endocrine metabolism remain poorly understood. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a study utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyse the lysine acetylome and proteome of the hypothalamus in healthy infantile mice exposed to 3 weeks of intermittent hypoxia (as a CIH model) compared to normoxic mice (as controls). Our analysis identified and quantified 2699 Kac sites in 2453 proteins. These acetylated proteins exhibited disruptions primarily in endocrine metabolism, the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), synapse function, and circadian entrainment. Additionally, we observed significant down-regulation of proteins that are known to be involved in endocrine hormone secretion. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying CIH-induced alterations in protein acetylation within the hypothalamus. By providing valuable insights into the pathophysiological processes associated with CIH and their impacts on hypothalamic function, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the consequences stemming from CIH-induced changes in protein acetylation within the hypothalamus as well as its potential role in endocrine impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Kong
- Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Weiheng Yan
- Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Pengfei Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jun Tai
- Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
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Biose IJ, Bakare AB, Wang H, Gressett TE, Bix GJ. Sleep apnea and ischemic stroke- a perspective for translational preclinical modelling. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 75:101929. [PMID: 38581800 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with ischemic stroke. There is, however, a lack of knowledge on the exact cause-effect relationship, and preclinical models of OSA for experimental ischemic stroke investigations are not well characterized. In this review, we discuss sleep apnea and its relationship with stroke risk factors. We consider how OSA may lead to ischemic stroke and how OSA-induced metabolic syndrome and hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) dysfunction could serve as therapeutic targets to prevent ischemic stroke. Further, we examine the translational potential of established preclinical models of OSA. We conclude that metabolic syndrome and HPA dysfunction, which are often overlooked in the context of experimental stroke and OSA studies, are crucial for experimental consideration to improve the body of knowledge as well as the translational potential of investigative efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Biose
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - A B Bakare
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - H Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - T E Gressett
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - G J Bix
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA.
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Chen Y, Yang J, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang X, Wang X. Age-related morphometrics of normal adrenal glands based on deep learning-aided segmentation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16810. [PMID: 37346358 PMCID: PMC10279821 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the morphometrics of normal adrenal glands in adult patients semiautomatically using a deep learning-based segmentation model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 520 abdominal CT image series with normal findings, from January 1, 2016, to March 14, 2019, were retrospectively collected for the training of the adrenal segmentation model. Then, 1043 portal venous phase image series of inpatient contrast-enhanced abdominal CT examinations with normal adrenal glands were included for analysis and grouped by every 10-year gap. A 3D U-Net-based segmentation model was used to predict bilateral adrenal labels followed by manual modification of labels as appropriate. Quantitative parameters (volume, CT value, and diameters) of the bilateral adrenal glands were then analyzed. RESULTS In the study cohort aged 18-77 years old (554 males and 489 females), the left adrenal gland was significantly larger than the right adrenal gland [all patients, 2867.79 (2317.11-3499.89) mm3 vs. 2452.84 (1983.50-2935.18) mm3, P < 0.001]. Male patients showed a greater volume of bilateral adrenal glands than females in all age groups (all patients, left: 3237.83 ± 930.21 mm3 vs. 2646.49 ± 766.42 mm3, P < 0.001; right: 2731.69 ± 789.19 mm3 vs. 2266.18 ± 632.97 mm3, P = 0.001). Bilateral adrenal volume in male patients showed an increasing then decreasing trend as age increased that peaked at 38-47 years old (left: 3416.01 ± 886.21 mm3, right: 2855.04 ± 774.57 mm3). CONCLUSIONS The semiautomated measurement revealed that the adrenal volume differs as age increases. Male patients aged 38-47 years old have a peaked adrenal volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jiejin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhang
- Beijing Smart-imaging Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100011, China
| | - Yumeng Sun
- Beijing Smart-imaging Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100011, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
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Ditmer M, Gabryelska A, Turkiewicz S, Białasiewicz P, Małecka-Wojciesko E, Sochal M. Sleep Problems in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Prevalence, Treatment, and New Perspectives: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2021; 11:67. [PMID: 35011807 PMCID: PMC8745687 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that individuals with sleep problems are at a greater risk of developing immune and chronic inflammatory diseases. As sleep disorders and low sleep quality in the general population are frequent ailments, it seems important to recognize them as serious public health problems. The exact relation between immunity and sleep remains elusive; however, it might be suspected that it is shaped by others stress and alterations of the circadian rhythm (commonly caused by for example shift work). As studies show, drugs used in the therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as steroids or monoclonal antibodies, also influence sleep in more complex ways than those resulting from attenuation of the disease symptoms. Interestingly, the relation between sleep and immunity appears to be bidirectional; that is, sleep may influence the course of immune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, proper diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders are vital to the patient's immune status and, in effect, health. This review examines the epidemiology of sleep disorders and immune diseases, the associations between them, and their current treatment and novel perspectives in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ditmer
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.D.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Agata Gabryelska
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.D.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Szymon Turkiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.D.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Piotr Białasiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.D.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Ewa Małecka-Wojciesko
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Marcin Sochal
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.D.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
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Gut microbiota modulates stress-induced hypertension through the HPA axis. Brain Res Bull 2020; 162:49-58. [PMID: 32535221 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress is associated with an increased risk of hypertension, and the incidence of stress-related hypertension has risen rapidly in recent years; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Gut dysbiosis has been demonstrated to contribute to hypertension and hyperactivation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Based on our previous findings showing the altered gut microbiota in the rats of stress-induced hypertension (SIH), the present study aims to investigate whether the stress-induced alteration in gut microbiota can lead to the dysfunction of the HPA axis which contributes to the development of SIH. SIH was developed in rats subjected to electric foot-shock combined with buzzer noise stressors. The gut microbiota of rats were deleted by administering an antibiotic cocktail containing ampicillin (1 g/L), vancomycin (500 mg/L), neomycin (1 g/L), and metronidazole (1 g/L) in drinking water. The serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), CRFR1 and CRFR2 was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The cellular protein expressions of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), c-fos, and GR were examined by immunohistochemical staining. In the present study, SIH rats showed a hyperactive HPA axis as indicated by the increased CRH expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, the elevated serum ACTH or CORT concentrations, and increased adrenal gland index. The decreased GR expression and increased CRFR1 in the hypothalamus might underlie the hyperactivation of the HPA axis. The microbial deletion by antibiotics mitigated the hyperactivation of the HPA axis and attenuated the stress-induced elevation of blood pressure, indicating that the causal link of gut microbiota to SIH is mediated, at least in part, by the HPA axis activity. Our findings shed new light on the mechanisms underlying SIH.
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