Antioxidant properties of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) as a consequence of genetic potential and growing conditions

Genetic Diversity and Genome-Wide Association Study of Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, and Antioxidant Properties in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Genetic diversity of nutritional quality traits is crucial for potato breeding efforts to develop better varieties for the diverse market demands. In this study, the genetic diversity of 104 potato genotypes was estimated based on nutritional quality traits such as color parameters, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbezothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging potential across two environments. The results indicated that environment II, Hangzhou 2020, exhibited higher bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties than environment I, Hangzhou 2019. The colored potato accessions exhibited higher levels of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH, and ABTS activities than the white potato accessions, indicating the superiority of the colored to white potato accessions. The genome sequencing identified 1,101,368 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and 141,656 insertion/deletions (Indels). A population structure analysis revealed that genotypes can be divided into two subpopulations. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified 128 significant SNPs associated with potato's color, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant properties. Thus, the study provides new opportunities for strategic breeding and marker-assisted selection of ideal varieties and favorable alleles to enhance bioactive compounds and health-beneficial properties.

Effect of silver nanoparticles foliar application on the nutritional properties of potato tubers

The aim of presented study was to test nutritional properties of potato tubers and silver ions accumulation pattern after foliar application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) during potato vegetation. Potato plants were sprayed with different concentration of Ag nanoparticles (0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg·dm-3) synthesized with incorporation with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and sodium citrate as stabilizing agent. The lowest amounts of silver ions were transported to the tubers after spraying with AgNPs synthesized with SDS, rather than with citrate. Nevertheless silver ions accumulation in tubers was negligible. SDS method of synthesis was more favourable in terms of nutritional properties of potato tubers. The highest tested concentration of AgNPs_SDS had a favourable effect on a variety of macro- and micronutrients, ascorbic acid and soluble sugars. In turn, lower concentrations of AgNPs_SDS increased the content of phenolic compounds and free radical scavenging efficiency of tubers. These correlations were also confirmed by Principal Component Analysis.

The Content of Total Carotenoids, Vitamin C and Antioxidant Properties of 65 Potato Cultivars Characterised under the European Project ECOBREED

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cultivars on the concentration of antioxidant compounds: total carotenoid content (TC) and vitamin C (VC), and their correlation with the total antioxidant activity (TAA) in 65 potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) from 10 countries. The TC content revealed a highly significant effect of the year (Y), cultivar (C) and flesh colour (FC). The TC ranged from 101.5 µg 100 g^-1 DM (in cv. Kelly) to 715 µg 100 g^-1 DM (in cv. Mayan Gold). The TC values were weakly correlated with years and higher in yellow-fleshed potatoes than in white-fleshed potatoes (319.9 vs. 175.6 µg 100 g^-1 DM, respectively). The VC content ranged from 1.0 mg 100 g^-1 FM (in cv. Bzura) to 14.8 mg 100 g^-1 FM (in cv. Twinner). The content of VC were higher in yellow-fleshed (6.5 mg 100 g^-1 FM) than in white-fleshed potatoes (5.8 mg 100 g^-1 FM). The highest TAA were observed in cvs. Colleen, Basa, Triplo, Gatsby, Ditta, Twinner, Riviera, Michalina, Damaris, Belmonda, Ambo, Savinja, 12-LHI-6. For these cultivars, the FRAP values were 0.53 µmol TE 100 mg^-1 DM and DPPH 0.55 µmol TE 100 mg^-1 DM. The lowest TAA were observed in cvs.: Owacja, Mayan Gold, Kokra, Magnolia and Kelly. For them, the FRAP and DPPH values were slightly above 0.2 µmol TE 100 mg^-1 DM. It was shown that the concentration of TC in potato tubers has an impact on TAA.

The Influence of Phytohormones on the Efficiency of Callus Formation, Its Morphologically Properties and Content of Bioactive Compounds in In Vitro Cultures of Daucus carota L

The significance of cultivar colour (orange and yellow), the application of MgO during field cultivation and chosen phytohormones in the callus cultivation medium are investigated in the present study, with respect to the antioxidative properties of the obtained callus. Callus cultivation are examined as an alternative method for the production of plant antioxidant compounds. Cultivar choice was most significant for callus production and the synthesis of health-promoting metabolites. The best combination, with respect to the induction efficacy and antioxidant properties measured as a synthetic value by Multidimensional Comparative Analysis (MCA), was found in the callus of cultivar ‘Flacoro’, cultivated without MgO fertilization and on a medium with kinetin (KIN) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (MCA-value 0.465). The worst performance was found for cultivar ‘Yello Mello’, independent of the applied phythormones (averaged MCA-value 0.839) and for the cultivar ‘Flacoro’ fertilized with MgO and independent of growth hormones (averaged MCA-value 0.810).

Antioxidant Activity of Potato Seedlings at Different Storage Temperatures

In order to promote the storage and growth of potato seedlings, the antioxidant activities of potato seedlings at different storage temperatures were analyzed. The antioxidant activities of potato seedlings at two different temperatures were compared. In addition, the effects of high temperature and normal temperature on the growth phenotype and antioxidant system physiological indexes of potato seedlings were analyzed by high temperature treatment. According to the significant change characteristics of SOD activity of antioxidant index at different temperatures, the SOD genes of potato were screened and bioinformatics analysis and gene expression analysis were carried out. The results showed that high temperature inhibited the antioxidant activity of potato seedlings and affected the growth of potato seedlings. The growth of potato seedlings can be promoted in medium and low temperature environment. In the future research, the experimental results can be used as the theoretical basis for potato planting.

Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Colored Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Cultivars Grown with Conventional, Organic, and Biodynamic Methods

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of conventional, biodynamic, and organic cultivation methods on the contents of polyphenols and carotenoids in tubers of potato cultivars with different colored flesh: “Red Emmalie”, “Salad Blue”, “Violetta”, “Tornado”, and “Laura”. These bioactive compounds were determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography method. The data received were analyzed with ANOVA and further explored and visualized by principal component analysis. Higher contents of polyphenols (sum), phenolic acids (sum), chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid were found in biodynamic and organic samples compared to the conventional tubers. Moreover, organically and biodynamically produced potatoes (except “Salad Blue” cultivar) were significantly richer in flavonoids and anthocyanins. The highest contents of carotenoids (sum), lutein, and β-carotene were found in biodynamic potatoes. Among the tested cultivars, “Tornado”, with white flesh, was richest in polyphenols (sum), phenolic acids (sum), chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid. “Violetta”, with dark purple flesh, accumulated the highest contents of flavonoids (sum), anthocyanins (sum), petunidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside, and peonidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside. Carotenoids were only found in “Laura” tubers, and the dominating carotenoid was lutein.