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Puri S, Malani R, Chalmers A, Kerrigan K, Patel SB, Monynahan K, Cannon L, Blouw B, Akerley W. Keeping a track on leptomeningeal disease in non-small cell lung cancer: A single-institution experience with CNSide TM. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdad150. [PMID: 38196737 PMCID: PMC10776200 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a devastating complication for patients with advanced cancer. Diagnosis and monitoring the response to therapy remains challenging due to limited sensitivity and specificity of standard-of-care (SOC) diagnostic modalities, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, MRI, and clinical evaluation. These hindrances contribute to the poor survival of LMD patients. CNSide is a CLIA-validated test that detects and characterizes CSF-derived tumor cells and cell-free (cf) DNA. We performed a retrospective analysis on the utility of CNSide to analyze CSF obtained from advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) patients with suspected LMD treated at the Huntsman Cancer Institute in Salt Lake City, UT. Methods CNSide was used to evaluate CSF from 15 patients with aNSCLC. CSF tumor cell quantification was performed throughout treatment for 5 patients. CSF tumor cells and cfDNA were characterized for actionable mutations. Results In LMD-positive patients, CNSide detected CSF tumor cells in 88% (22/25) samples versus 40% (10/25) for cytology (matched samples). CSF tumor cell numbers tracked response to therapy in 5 patients where CNSide was used to quantify tumor cells throughout treatment. In 75% (9/12) of the patients, genetic alterations were detected in CSF, with the majority representing gene mutations and amplifications with therapeutic potential. The median survival for LMD patients was 16.1 m (5.2-NR). Conclusions We show that CNSide can supplement the management of LMD in conjunction with SOC methods for the diagnosis, monitoring response to therapy, and identifying actionable mutations unique to the CSF in patients with LMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Puri
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Huntsman Cancer Institute at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rachna Malani
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Huntsman Cancer Institute at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Anna Chalmers
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Huntsman Cancer Institute at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kathleen Kerrigan
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Huntsman Cancer Institute at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Shiven B Patel
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Huntsman Cancer Institute at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kelly Monynahan
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Huntsman Cancer Institute at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Laura Cannon
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Huntsman Cancer Institute at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Wallace Akerley
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Huntsman Cancer Institute at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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2
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Hu Q, Chen L, Li K, Liu R, Sun L, Han T. Circulating tumor DNA: current implementation issues and future challenges for clinical utility. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 0:cclm-2023-1157. [PMID: 38109307 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, liquid biopsy, especially circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), has received tremendous attention as a noninvasive detection approach for clinical applications, including early diagnosis of cancer and relapse, real-time therapeutic efficacy monitoring, potential target selection and investigation of drug resistance mechanisms. In recent years, the application of next-generation sequencing technology combined with AI technology has significantly improved the accuracy and sensitivity of liquid biopsy, enhancing its potential in solid tumors. However, the increasing integration of such promising tests to improve therapy decision making by oncologists still has complexities and challenges. Here, we propose a conceptual framework of ctDNA technologies and clinical utilities based on bibliometrics and highlight current challenges and future directions, especially in clinical applications such as early detection, minimal residual disease detection, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. We also discuss the necessities of developing a dynamic field of translational cancer research and rigorous clinical studies that may support therapeutic strategy decision making in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Lujun Chen
- The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Training Base for Graduate, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Kerui Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Ruotong Liu
- Clinical Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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3
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Sisodiya S, Kasherwal V, Khan A, Roy B, Goel A, Kumar S, Arif N, Tanwar P, Hussain S. Liquid Biopsies: Emerging role and clinical applications in solid tumours. Transl Oncol 2023; 35:101716. [PMID: 37327582 PMCID: PMC10285278 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Late detection and lack of precision diagnostics are the major challenges in cancer prevention and management. Biomarker discovery in specific cancers, especially at the pre-invasive stage, is vital for early diagnosis, positive treatment response, and good disease prognosis. Traditional diagnostic measures require invasive procedures such as tissue excision using a needle, an endoscope, and/or surgical resection which can be unsafe, expensive, and painful. Additionally, the presence of comorbid conditions in individuals might render them ineligible for undertaking a tissue biopsy, and in some cases, it is difficult to access tumours depending on the site of occurrence. In this context, liquid biopsies are being explored for their clinical significance in solid malignancies management. These non-invasive or minimally invasive methods are being developed primarily for identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis and targeted therapeutics. In this review, we have summarised the use and importance of liquid biopsy as significant tool in diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and therapeutic development. We have also discussed the challenges that are encountered and future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sisodiya
- Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India; Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, India
| | - Vishakha Kasherwal
- Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India; Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Asiya Khan
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India; Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Bishnudeo Roy
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, India
| | - Anjana Goel
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Nazneen Arif
- Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Showket Hussain
- Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India.
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4
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Vargas DY, Tyagi S, Marras SA, Moerzinger P, Abin-Carriquiry JA, Cuello M, Rodriguez C, Martinez A, Makhnin A, Farina A, Patel C, Chuang TL, Li BT, Kramer FR. Multiplex SuperSelective PCR Assays for the Detection and Quantitation of Rare Somatic Mutations in Liquid Biopsies. J Mol Diagn 2022; 24:189-204. [PMID: 34954118 PMCID: PMC8961470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SuperSelective primers, by virtue of their unique design, enable the simultaneous identification and quantitation of inherited reference genes and rare somatic mutations in routine multiplex PCR assays, while virtually eliminating signals from abundant wild-type sequences closely related to the target mutations. These assays are sensitive, specific, rapid, and low cost, and can be performed in widely available spectrofluorometric thermal cyclers. Herein, we provide examples of SuperSelective PCR assays that target eight different somatic EGFR mutations, irrespective of whether they occur in the same codon, occur at separate sites within the same exon, or involve deletions. In addition, we provide examples of SuperSelective PCR assays that detect specific EGFR mutations in circulating tumor DNA present in the plasma of liquid biopsies obtained from patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. The results suggest that multiplex SuperSelective PCR assays may enable the choice, and subsequent modification, of effective targeted therapies for the treatment of an individual's cancer, utilizing frequent noninvasive liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Y. Vargas
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Salvatore A.E. Marras
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Mauricio Cuello
- Servicio de Oncología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Clara Rodriguez
- Servicio de Oncología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Alex Makhnin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Farina
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Chintan Patel
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tuan L. Chuang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Bob T. Li
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,Weill-Cornell Medicine, New York, New York,Address correspondence to Fred R. Kramer, Ph.D., Public Health Research Institute, 225 Warren St., Newark, NJ 07103; or Bob T. Li, M.D., Thoracic Liquid Biopsy Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10065.
| | - Fred R. Kramer
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey,Address correspondence to Fred R. Kramer, Ph.D., Public Health Research Institute, 225 Warren St., Newark, NJ 07103; or Bob T. Li, M.D., Thoracic Liquid Biopsy Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10065.
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5
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Recommendations for a practical implementation of circulating tumor DNA mutation testing in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100399. [PMID: 35202954 PMCID: PMC8867049 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liquid biopsy (LB) is a rapidly evolving diagnostic tool for precision oncology that has recently found its way into routine practice as an adjunct to tissue biopsy (TB). The concept of LB refers to any tumor-derived material, such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or circulating tumor cells that are detectable in blood. An LB is not limited to the blood and may include other fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid, pleural effusion, and urine, among others. Patients and methods The objective of this paper, devised by international experts from various disciplines, is to review current challenges as well as state-of-the-art applications of ctDNA mutation testing in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We consider pragmatic scenarios for the use of ctDNA from blood plasma to identify actionable targets for therapy selection in NSCLCs. Results Clinical scenarios where ctDNA mutation testing may be implemented in clinical practice include complementary tissue and LB testing to provide the full picture of patients’ actual predictive profiles to identify resistance mechanism (i.e. secondary mutations), and ctDNA mutation testing to assist when a patient has a discordant clinical history and is suspected of showing intertumor or intratumor heterogeneity. ctDNA mutation testing may provide interesting insights into possible targets that may have been missed on the TB. Complementary ctDNA LB testing also provides an option if the tumor location is hard to biopsy or if an insufficient sample was taken. These clinical use cases highlight practical scenarios where ctDNA LB may be considered as a complementary tool to TB analysis. Conclusions Proper implementation of ctDNA LB testing in routine clinical practice is envisioned in the near future. As the clinical evidence of utility expands, the use of LB alongside tissue sample analysis may occur in the patient cases detailed here. LB is a rapidly evolving diagnostic tool that may be an adjunct or an alternative to TB in clinic. Pragmatic scenarios for ctDNA mutation testing to identify actionable targets in NSCLC are explored. ctDNA mutation testing may identify resistance mechanisms, discordant clinical history, and intertumor/intratumor heterogeneity. ctDNA mutation testing may be useful if the tumor location is hard to biopsy or if an insufficient tumor sample was taken. Proper implementation of ctDNA mutation testing in routine clinical practice is envisioned in the near future.
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6
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Marazioti A, Krontira AC, Behrend SJ, Giotopoulou GA, Ntaliarda G, Blanquart C, Bayram H, Iliopoulou M, Vreka M, Trassl L, Pepe MAA, Hackl CM, Klotz LV, Weiss SAI, Koch I, Lindner M, Hatz RA, Behr J, Wagner DE, Papadaki H, Antimisiaris SG, Jean D, Deshayes S, Grégoire M, Kayalar Ö, Mortazavi D, Dilege Ş, Tanju S, Erus S, Yavuz Ö, Bulutay P, Fırat P, Psallidas I, Spella M, Giopanou I, Lilis I, Lamort AS, Stathopoulos GT. KRAS signaling in malignant pleural mesothelioma. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 14:e13631. [PMID: 34898002 PMCID: PMC8819314 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) arises from mesothelial cells lining the pleural cavity of asbestos‐exposed individuals and rapidly leads to death. MPM harbors loss‐of‐function mutations in BAP1, NF2, CDKN2A, and TP53, but isolated deletion of these genes alone in mice does not cause MPM and mouse models of the disease are sparse. Here, we show that a proportion of human MPM harbor point mutations, copy number alterations, and overexpression of KRAS with or without TP53 changes. These are likely pathogenic, since ectopic expression of mutant KRASG12D in the pleural mesothelium of conditional mice causes epithelioid MPM and cooperates with TP53 deletion to drive a more aggressive disease form with biphasic features and pleural effusions. Murine MPM cell lines derived from these tumors carry the initiating KRASG12D lesions, secondary Bap1 alterations, and human MPM‐like gene expression profiles. Moreover, they are transplantable and actionable by KRAS inhibition. Our results indicate that KRAS alterations alone or in accomplice with TP53 alterations likely play an important and underestimated role in a proportion of patients with MPM, which warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Marazioti
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Anthi C Krontira
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Sabine J Behrend
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Georgia A Giotopoulou
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Giannoula Ntaliarda
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | | | - Hasan Bayram
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marianthi Iliopoulou
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Malamati Vreka
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Lilith Trassl
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Mario A A Pepe
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Caroline M Hackl
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Laura V Klotz
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Stefanie A I Weiss
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Ina Koch
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany.,Center for Thoracic Surgery Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich and Asklepios Medical Center, Gauting, Germany
| | - Michael Lindner
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany.,Center for Thoracic Surgery Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich and Asklepios Medical Center, Gauting, Germany
| | - Rudolph A Hatz
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany.,Center for Thoracic Surgery Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich and Asklepios Medical Center, Gauting, Germany
| | - Juergen Behr
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany.,Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany.,Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund Stem Cell Center, Wallenberg Molecular Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helen Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Sophia G Antimisiaris
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering, FORTH/ICE-HT, Rio, Greece
| | - Didier Jean
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Grégoire
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Özgecan Kayalar
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Mortazavi
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Dilege
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhan Tanju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suat Erus
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömer Yavuz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Bulutay
- Department of Pathology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Fırat
- Department of Pathology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ioannis Psallidas
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Magda Spella
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Ioanna Giopanou
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Ioannis Lilis
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Anne-Sophie Lamort
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
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Fröhlich E, Wahl R. Nanoparticles: Promising Auxiliary Agents for Diagnosis and Therapy of Thyroid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164063. [PMID: 34439219 PMCID: PMC8393380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Thyroid cancer (TC) is rare relative to cancers of many other organs (breast, prostate, lung, and colon). The majority of TCs are differentiated tumors that are relatively easy to treat and have a good prognosis. However, for anaplastic TC, a rapidly growing and aggressive tumor, treatment is suboptimal because the effective drugs cause severe adverse effects. Drug delivery by nanocarriers can improve treatment by reducing side effects. This can either be mediated through better retention in the tumor tissue due to size (passive targeting) or through the attachment of specific molecules that zero in on the cancer cells (active targeting). Nanoparticles are already used for diagnosis and imaging of TC. For unresectable anaplastic TC, nanoparticle-based treatments, less suitable for deeply located cancers, could be useful, based on low-intensity focused ultrasound and near-infrared irradiation. All potential applications of nanoparticles in TC are still in the preclinical phase. Abstract Cancers of the endocrine system are rare. The majority are not highly malignant tumors. Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine cancer, with differentiated papillary and follicular tumors occurring more frequently than the more aggressive poorly differentiated and anaplastic TC. Nanoparticles (NP) (mainly mesoporous silica, gold, carbon, or liposomes) have been developed to improve the detection of biomarkers and routine laboratory parameters (e.g., thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroglobulin, and calcitonin), tumor imaging, and drug delivery in TC. The majority of drug-loaded nanocarriers to be used for treatment was developed for anaplastic tumors because current treatments are suboptimal. Further, doxorubicin, sorafenib, and gemcitabine treatment can be improved by nanotherapy due to decreased adverse effects. Selective delivery of retinoic acid to TC cells might improve the re-differentiation of de-differentiated TC. The use of carbon NPs for the prevention of parathyroid damage during TC surgery does not show a clear benefit. Certain technologies less suitable for the treatment of deeply located cancers may have some potential for unresectable anaplastic carcinomas, namely those based on low-intensity focused ultrasound and near-infrared irradiation. Although some of these approaches yielded promising results in animal studies, results from clinical trials are currently lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Richard Wahl
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7071-2983136
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8
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Assessment of Circulating Nucleic Acids in Cancer: From Current Status to Future Perspectives and Potential Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143460. [PMID: 34298675 PMCID: PMC8307284 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current approaches for cancer detection and characterization are based on radiological procedures coupled with tissue biopsies, despite relevant limitations in terms of overall accuracy and feasibility, including relevant patients' discomfort. Liquid biopsies enable the minimally invasive collection and analysis of circulating biomarkers released from cancer cells and stroma, representing therefore a promising candidate for the substitution or integration in the current standard of care. Despite the potential, the current clinical applications of liquid biopsies are limited to a few specific purposes. The lack of standardized procedures for the pre-analytical management of body fluids samples and the detection of circulating biomarkers is one of the main factors impacting the effective advancement in the applicability of liquid biopsies to clinical practice. The aim of this work, besides depicting current methods for samples collection, storage, quality check and biomarker extraction, is to review the current techniques aimed at analyzing one of the main circulating biomarkers assessed through liquid biopsy, namely cell-free nucleic acids, with particular regard to circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). ctDNA current and potential applications are reviewed as well.
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9
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Li S, Huang S, Ke Y, Chen H, Dang J, Huang C, Liu W, Cui D, Wang J, Zhi X, Ding X. A HiPAD Integrated with rGO/MWCNTs Nano-Circuit Heater for Visual Point-of-Care Testing of SARS-CoV-2. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2100801. [PMID: 34230825 PMCID: PMC8250055 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the main obstacle for further miniaturization and integration of nucleic acids point-of-care testing devices is the lack of low-cost and high-performance heating materials for supporting reliable nucleic acids amplification. Herein, reduced graphene oxide hybridized multi-walled carbon nanotubes nano-circuit integrated into an ingenious paper-based heater is developed, which is integrated into a paper-based analytical device (named HiPAD). The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still raging across the world. As a proof of concept, the HiPAD is utilized to visually detect the SARS-CoV-2 N gene using colored loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction. This HiPAD costing a few dollars has comparable detection performance to traditional nucleic acids amplifier costing thousands of dollars. The detection range is from 25 to 2.5 × 1010 copies mL-1 in 45 min. The detection limit of 25 copies mL-1 is 40 times more sensitive than 1000 copies mL-1 in conventional real-time PCR instruments. The disposable paper-based chip could also avoid potential secondary transmission of COVID-19 by convenient incineration to guarantee biosafety. The HiPAD or easily expanded M-HiPAD (for multiplex detection) has great potential for pathogen diagnostics in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University1954 Huashan RD, Xuhui DistrictShanghai200030China
| | - Shiyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University1954 Huashan RD, Xuhui DistrictShanghai200030China
| | - Yuqing Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University1954 Huashan RD, Xuhui DistrictShanghai200030China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute518 Ziyue Road, Minhang DistrictShanghai200241China
| | - Jingqi Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University1954 Huashan RD, Xuhui DistrictShanghai200030China
| | - Chengjie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University1954 Huashan RD, Xuhui DistrictShanghai200030China
| | - Wenjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University1954 Huashan RD, Xuhui DistrictShanghai200030China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment InstrumentSchool of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RD, Minghang DistrictShanghai200240China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and BiosecurityInstitute of Microbiology and Epidemiology20 Dongda Street, Fengtai DistrictBeijing100071China
| | - Xiao Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University1954 Huashan RD, Xuhui DistrictShanghai200030China
| | - Xianting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University1954 Huashan RD, Xuhui DistrictShanghai200030China
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10
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Arrieta O, Hernandez-Martinez JM, Montes-Servín E, Heredia D, Cardona AF, Molina-Romero C, Lara-Mejía L, Diaz-Garcia D, Bahena-Gonzalez A, Mendoza-Oliva DL. Impact of detecting plasma EGFR mutations with ultrasensitive liquid biopsy in outcomes of NSCLC patients treated with first- or second-generation EGFR-TKIs. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:123-135. [PMID: 34057135 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few trials have evaluated the utility of liquid biopsies to detect epidermal growth factor receptor mutations (EGFRm) at the time of response evaluation and its association with the clinical characteristics and outcomes of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate, in a real-world clinical setting, the prevalence of plasma EGFRm and its association with the clinical characteristics, response and survival outcomes of NSCLC patients under treatment with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). METHODS This observational study enrolled advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients, with confirmed tumor EGFRm, receiving treatment with first- or second-generation EGFR-TKIs. Blood samples for the detection of plasma EGFRm were collected at the time of response evaluation and processed using the Target Selector™ assay. The main outcomes were the detection rate of plasma EGFRm, median Progression-Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS) according to plasma EGFR mutational status. RESULTS Of 84 patients, 50 (59.5%) had an EGFRm detected in plasma. After a median follow-up of 21.1 months, 63 patients (75%) had disease progression. The detection rate of plasma EGFRm was significantly higher in patients with disease progression than in patients with partial response or stable disease (68.3% versus 33.3%; P< 0.01). PFS and OS were significantly longer in patients without plasma EGFRm than among patients with plasma EGFRm (14.3 months [95% CI, 9.25-19.39] vs 11.0 months [95% CI, 8.61-13.46]; P= 0.034) and (67.8 months [95% CI, 39.80-95.94] vs 32.0 months [95% CI, 17.12-46.93]; P= 0.006), respectively. A positive finding in LB was associated with the presence of ⩾ 3 more metastatic sites (P= 0.028), elevated serum carcinoembryonic (CEA) at disease progression (P= 0.015), and an increase in CEA with respect to baseline levels (P= 0.038). CONCLUSIONS In NSCLC patients receiving EGFR-TKIs, the detection of plasma EGFRm at the time of tumor response evaluation is associated with poor clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan-Manuel Hernandez-Martinez
- Functional Unit of Thoracic Oncology and Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,CONACYT-Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Montes-Servín
- Functional Unit of Thoracic Oncology and Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Heredia
- Thoracic Oncology Unit. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés F Cardona
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Group (G-FOX), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camilo Molina-Romero
- Functional Unit of Thoracic Oncology and Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Lara-Mejía
- Thoracic Oncology Unit. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego Diaz-Garcia
- Thoracic Oncology Unit. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Dolores L Mendoza-Oliva
- Functional Unit of Thoracic Oncology and Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Using droplet digital PCR in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in FFPE samples. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 99:77-83. [PMID: 32738487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a technology that has higher sensitivity than real-time PCR for the identification of trace DNA. However, the use of ddPCR for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in pathological samples has not been fully studied. METHODS A total of 65 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens were included in this study. Twenty samples with definite results for tuberculosis (TB) were used to establish the ddPCR system for TB detection. ddPCR was then conducted to detect TB DNA in the 45 patients who were classified as 'possible TB' (real-time PCR results in the gray area, Ziehl-Neelsen staining-negative, and hematoxylin and eosin staining showing morphology suspicious for TB). The clinical treatment and disease outcomes were followed to assess the accuracy of ddPCR in the detection of TB DNA. RESULTS Among the 45 possible TB samples, 26 were ddPCR-positive, 12 were ddPCR-negative, and seven were in the gray area. ddPCR improved the positive rate of 57.8% (26/45) for the samples that were in the gray area by real-time PCR. Moreover, several patients received anti-TB therapy, and the effective ratio of therapy for the ddPCR-positive, ddPCR-negative, and ddPCR-gray area cases was 61.9% (13/21), 50.0% (2/4), and 33.3% (1/3), respectively. CONCLUSIONS ddPCR is more sensitive for detecting mild TB via FFPE samples than real-time PCR. The ddPCR method is of additional value in the diagnosis of TB from pathological samples.
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12
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Arnold L, Alexiadis V, Watanaskul T, Zarrabi V, Poole J, Singh V. Clinical validation of qPCR Target Selector™ assays using highly specific switch-blockers for rare mutation detection. J Clin Pathol 2020; 73:648-655. [PMID: 32132121 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The identification of actionable DNA mutations associated with a patient's tumour is critical for devising a targeted, personalised cancer treatment strategy. However, these molecular analyses are typically performed using tissue obtained via biopsy, which involves substantial risk and is often not feasible. In addition, biopsied tissue does not always reflect tumour heterogeneity, and sequential biopsies to track disease progression (eg, emergence of drug resistance mutations) are not well tolerated. To overcome these and other biopsy-associated limitations, we have developed non-invasive 'liquid biopsy' technologies to enable the molecular characterisation of a patient's cancer using peripheral blood samples. METHODS The Target Selector ctDNA platform uses a real-time PCR-based approach, coupled with DNA sequencing, to identify cancer-associated genetic mutations within circulating tumour DNA. This is accomplished via a patented blocking approach suppressing wild-type DNA amplification, while allowing specific amplification of mutant alleles. RESULTS To promote the clinical uptake of liquid biopsy technologies, it is first critical to demonstrate concordance between results obtained via liquid and traditional biopsy procedures. Here, we focused on three genes frequently mutated in cancer: EGFR (Del19, L858, and T790), BRAF (V600) and KRAS (G12/G13). For each Target Selector assay, we demonstrated extremely high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity compared with results obtained from tissue biopsies. Overall, we found between 93% and 96% concordance to blinded tissue samples across 127 clinical assays. CONCLUSIONS The switch-blocker technology reported here offers a highly effective method for non-invasively determining the molecular signatures of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyle Arnold
- Research and Development, Biocept Inc, San Diego, California, USA.,Aegea Biotechnologies, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Tim Watanaskul
- Research and Development, Biocept Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Vahid Zarrabi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jason Poole
- Research and Development, Biocept Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Veena Singh
- Clinical Laboratory, Biocept Inc, San Diego, California, USA
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