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Nabuco LL, Mendes GF, Barreto G, Saunders B, Reis CEG. Spit It Out: Is Caffeine Mouth Rinse an Effective Ergogenic Aid? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Strength Cond J 2023. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Tomazini F, Santos-Mariano AC, Dos S Andrade VF, Coelho DB, Bertuzzi R, Pereira G, Silva-Cavalcante MD, Lima-Silva AE. Caffeine ingestion increases endurance performance of trained male cyclists when riding against a virtual opponent without altering muscle fatigue. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1915-1928. [PMID: 35612684 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Caffeine improves cycling time trial (TT) performance; however, it is unknown whether caffeine is ergogenic when competing against other riders. The aim of this study was to investigate whether caffeine improves performance during a 4-km cycling TT when riding against a virtual opponent, and whether it is associated with increased muscle activation and at the expense of greater end-exercise central and peripheral fatigue. METHODS Using a randomized, crossover, and double-blind design, eleven well-trained cyclists completed a 4-km cycling TT alone without supplementation (CON), or against a virtual opponent after ingestion of placebo (OP-PLA) or caffeine (5 mg.kg-1, OP-CAF). Central and peripheral fatigue were quantified via the pre- to post-exercise decrease in voluntary activation and potentiated twitch force, respectively. Muscle activation was continually measured during the trial via electromyography activity. RESULTS Compared to CON, OP-PLA improved 4-km cycling TT performance (P = 0.018), and OP-CAF further improved performance when compared to OP-PLA (P = 0.050). Muscle activation was higher in OP-PLA and OP-CAF than in CON throughout the trial (P = 0.003). The pre- to post-exercise reductions in voluntary activation and potentiated twitch force were, however, similar between experimental conditions (P > 0.05). Compared to CON, OP-PLA increased the rating of perceived exertion during the first 2 km, but caffeine blunted this increase with no difference between the OP-CAF and CON conditions. CONCLUSIONS Caffeine is ergogenic when riding against a virtual opponent, but this is not due to greater muscle activation or at the expense of greater end-exercise central or peripheral fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Tomazini
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana, Pedro Gusso Street, 2601, Neoville, Curitiba, PA, 81310-900, Brazil. .,Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carla Santos-Mariano
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana, Pedro Gusso Street, 2601, Neoville, Curitiba, PA, 81310-900, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel B Coelho
- Centre of Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Science, Federal University of ABC, Sao Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gleber Pereira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano E Lima-Silva
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana, Pedro Gusso Street, 2601, Neoville, Curitiba, PA, 81310-900, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
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Viana BF, Trajano GS, Ugrinowitsch C, Pires FO. Correction: Caffeine increases motor output entropy and performance in 4 km cycling time trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246014. [PMID: 33481947 PMCID: PMC7822248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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