Autologous skeletal myoblast patch implantation prevents the deterioration of myocardial ischemia and right heart dysfunction in a pressure-overloaded right heart porcine model

Placement of an elastic, biohybrid patch in a model of right heart failure with pulmonary artery banding

Introduction

In a model of right heart failure secondary to pulmonary artery banding (PAB), a mechanical approach using an elastic, biodegradable epicardial patch with integrated extracellular matrix digest was evaluated for its potential to inhibit disease progression.

Methods

Adult male syngeneic Lewis rats aged 6-7 weeks old were used. Biohybrid cardiac patches were generated by co-processing biodegradable poly(ester carbonate urethane) urea (PECUU) and a digest of the porcine cardiac extracellular matrix. Three weeks after PAB, the cardiac patch was attached to the epicardium of the right ventricle (RV). Cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography and catheterization for 9 weeks after PAB, comparing the patch (n = 7) and sham (n = 10) groups.

Results

Nine weeks after PAB, the RV wall was thickened, the RV cavity was enlarged with a reduced left ventricular cavity, and RV wall interstitial fibrosis was increased. However, these effects were diminished in the patch group. Left ventricular ejection fraction in the patch group was higher than in the sham group (p < 0.001), right end-systolic pressure was lower (p = 0.045), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion improved in the patch group (p = 0.007). In addition, von Willebrand factor expression was significantly greater in the patch group (p = 0.007).

Conclusions

The placement of a degradable, biohybrid patch onto the RV in a right ventricular failure model with fixed afterload improved myocardial output, moderated pressure stress, and was associated with reduced right ventricular fibrosis.

Opportunities and challenges in stem cell therapy in cardiovascular diseases: Position standing in 2022

This study intends to evaluate the development, importance, pre-clinical and clinical study evaluation of stem cell therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of fatality in the whole world. Though there are great progressions in the pharmacological and other interventional treatment options, heart diseases remain a common disorder that causes long-term warnings. Recent accession promotes the symptoms and slows down the adverse effects regarding cardiac remodelling. But they cannot locate the problems of immutable loss of cardiac tissues. In this case, stem cell treatment holds a promising challenge. Stem cells are the cells that are capable of differentiating into many cells according to their needs. So, it is assumed that these cells can distinguish into many cells and if these cells can be individualized into cardiac cells then they can be used to replace the damaged tissues of the heart. There is some abridgment in this therapy, none the less stem cell therapy remains a hopeful destination in the treatment of heart disease.