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Kurishev AO, Karpov DS, Nadolinskaia NI, Goncharenko AV, Golimbet VE. CRISPR/Cas-Based Approaches to Study Schizophrenia and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010241. [PMID: 36613684 PMCID: PMC9820593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) at the molecular level is challenging because of the complexity of neural circuits and the huge number of specialized cell types. Moreover, genomic association studies have revealed the complex genetic architecture of schizophrenia and other genetically determined mental disorders. Investigating such complex genetic architecture to decipher the molecular basis of CNS pathologies requires the use of high-throughput models such as cells and their derivatives. The time is coming for high-throughput genetic technologies based on CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat)/Cas systems to manipulate multiple genomic targets. CRISPR/Cas systems provide the desired complexity, versatility, and flexibility to create novel genetic tools capable of both altering the DNA sequence and affecting its function at higher levels of genetic information flow. CRISPR/Cas tools make it possible to find and investigate the intricate relationship between the genotype and phenotype of neuronal cells. The purpose of this review is to discuss innovative CRISPR-based approaches for studying the molecular mechanisms of CNS pathologies using cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitry S. Karpov
- Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoe sh. 34, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nonna I. Nadolinskaia
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Goncharenko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera E. Golimbet
- Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoe sh. 34, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Roles of Cullin-RING Ubiquitin Ligases in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030416. [PMID: 35327608 PMCID: PMC8946067 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of protein homeostasis is crucial for virtually every aspect of eukaryotic biology. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) represents a highly regulated quality control machinery that protects cells from a variety of stress conditions as well as toxic proteins. A large body of evidence has shown that UPS dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. This review highlights the latest findings regarding the physiological and pathological roles of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs), an essential player in the UPS, in the cardiovascular system. To inspire potential therapeutic invention, factors regulating CRL activities are also discussed.
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Fazia T, Marzanati D, Carotenuto AL, Beecham A, Hadjixenofontos A, McCauley JL, Saddi V, Piras M, Bernardinelli L, Gentilini D. Homozygosity Haplotype and Whole-Exome Sequencing Analysis to Identify Potentially Functional Rare Variants Involved in Multiple Sclerosis among Sardinian Families. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1778-1793. [PMID: 34889895 PMCID: PMC8929092 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex multifactorial autoimmune disease, whose sex- and age-adjusted prevalence in Sardinia (Italy) is among the highest worldwide. To date, 233 loci were associated with MS and almost 20% of risk heritability is attributable to common genetic variants, but many low-frequency and rare variants remain to be discovered. Here, we aimed to contribute to the understanding of the genetic basis of MS by investigating potentially functional rare variants. To this end, we analyzed thirteen multiplex Sardinian families with Immunochip genotyping data. For five families, Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) data were also available. Firstly, we performed a non-parametric Homozygosity Haplotype analysis for identifying the Region from Common Ancestor (RCA). Then, on these potential disease-linked RCA, we searched for the presence of rare variants shared by the affected individuals by analyzing WES data. We found: (i) a variant (43181034 T > G) in the splicing region on exon 27 of CUL9; (ii) a variant (50245517 A > C) in the splicing region on exon 16 of ATP9A; (iii) a non-synonymous variant (43223539 A > C), on exon 9 of TTBK1; (iv) a non-synonymous variant (42976917 A > C) on exon 9 of PPP2R5D; and v) a variant (109859349-109859354) in 3'UTR of MYO16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Fazia
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.M.); (A.L.C.); (L.B.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Daria Marzanati
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.M.); (A.L.C.); (L.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Anna Laura Carotenuto
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.M.); (A.L.C.); (L.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Ashley Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.B.); (A.H.); (J.L.M.)
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Athena Hadjixenofontos
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.B.); (A.H.); (J.L.M.)
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jacob L. McCauley
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.B.); (A.H.); (J.L.M.)
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Valeria Saddi
- Divisione di Neurologia, Presidio Ospedaliero S. Francesco, ASL Numero 3 Nuoro, 08100 Nuoro, Italy; (V.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Marialuisa Piras
- Divisione di Neurologia, Presidio Ospedaliero S. Francesco, ASL Numero 3 Nuoro, 08100 Nuoro, Italy; (V.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Luisa Bernardinelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.M.); (A.L.C.); (L.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.M.); (A.L.C.); (L.B.); (D.G.)
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy
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