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Shrestha S, Haque ME, Ighofose E, Mcmahon M, Kalyan G, Guyer R, Kalonick M, Kochanowski J, Wegner K, Somji S, Sens DA, Garrett SH. Primary and Immortalized Cultures of Human Proximal Tubule Cells Possess Both Progenitor and Non-Progenitor Cells That Can Impact Experimental Results. J Pers Med 2023; 13:613. [PMID: 37108999 PMCID: PMC10146827 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported the presence of renal proximal tubule specific progenitor cells which co-express PROM1 and CD24 markers on the cell surface. The RPTEC/TERT cell line is a telomerase-immortalized proximal tubule cell line that expresses two populations of cells, one co-expressing PROM1 and CD24 and another expressing only CD24, identical to primary cultures of human proximal tubule cells (HPT). The RPTEC/TERT cell line was used by the authors to generate two new cell lines, HRTPT co-expressing PROM1 and CD24 and HREC24T expressing only CD24. The HRTPT cell line has been shown to express properties expected of renal progenitor cells while HREC24T expresses none of these properties. The HPT cells were used in a previous study to determine the effects of elevated glucose concentrations on global gene expression. This study showed the alteration of expression of lysosomal and mTOR associated genes. In the present study, this gene set was used to determine if pure populations of cells expressing both PROM1 and CD24 had different patterns of expression than those expressing only CD24 when exposed to elevated glucose concentrations. In addition, experiments were performed to determine whether cross-talk might occur between the two cell lines based on their expression of PROM1 and CD24. It was shown that the expression of the mTOR and lysosomal genes was altered in expression between the HRTPT and HREC24T cell lines based on their PROM1 and CD24 expression. Using metallothionein (MT) expression as a marker demonstrated that both cell lines produced condition media that could alter the expression of the MT genes. It was also determined that PROM1 and CD24 co-expression was limited in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Scott H. Garrett
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 1301 N. Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (S.S.); (M.E.H.); (E.I.); (M.M.); (G.K.); (R.G.); (M.K.); (J.K.); (K.W.); (S.S.); (D.A.S.)
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Zhang X, Wang Q, Li F, Li S, Lin H, Huo Y. Piceatannol Protects against High Glucose-Induced Injury of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells via Regulating Carbonic Anhydrase 2. Nephron Clin Pract 2023; 147:496-509. [PMID: 36716737 DOI: 10.1159/000529212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We here evaluated the efficacy of piceatannol (PIC) in high glucose (HG)-induced injury of renal tubular epithelial cells HK-2. METHODS After the establishment of an HG-induced cell injury model and the treatment with PIC at both high and low concentrations and/or acetazolamide (ACZ, the inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase 2 [CA2]), MTT and flow cytometry assays were carried out to confirm the viability and apoptosis of HK-2 cells. The levels of oxidative stress markers lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), the ratio of glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and the CA2 activity were determined. Both quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to calculate the expressions of CA2 (the predicted target gene of PIC via intersecting the data from bioinformatic analyses) and AKT pathway-related (phosphatase and tensin homolog [PTEN], phosphorylated [p]-AKT, AKT) and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3). RESULTS HG suppressed cell viability and the levels of GSH/GSSG ratio, CA2, pThr308-AKT/AKT, pSer473-AKT/AKT, and Bcl-2, while promoting cell apoptosis, the levels of LDH, MDA, and ROS, and the expressions of PTEN and cleaved caspase-3. All effects of HG were reversed by PIC at a high concentration. CA2 was predicted and identified as the target of PIC. In HG-treated HK-2 cells, additionally, ACZ reversed the effects of PIC on the viability, apoptosis, and levels of both oxidative stress markers and AKT pathway- and apoptosis-related factors. CONCLUSION PIC protects against HG-induced injury of HK-2 cells via regulating CA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fagen Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Suna Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hepu Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Huo
- Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Ferraz Carbonel AA, da Silva RA, de Souza Ferreira LP, Vieira RR, dos Santos Simões R, da Silva Sasso GR, de Jesus Simões M, Soares Junior JM, Azevedo Lima PD, Borges FT. Isoflavone Protects the Renal Tissue of Diabetic Ovariectomized Rats via PPARγ. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132567. [PMID: 35807748 PMCID: PMC9268059 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes associated with post-menopause is related to a worse condition of kidney disease. Taking into consideration that this disorder may be regulated by estrogenic mediators, we evaluated the renal protective effect of isoflavone. We investigated the role of the PPARγ in the pathogenesis of the disease. For this study, we used diabetic female rats in a postmenopausal model through ovariectomy. The animals were treated with isoflavone or 17β-estradiol. A dosage was administered to bring on blood glycemia, and through immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the immunoreactivity of PPARγ in the endometrium and renal tissue. We analyzed the immunoreactivity of renal injury molecule KIM-1 and the collagen and glycogen densities in the kidney. Through bioinformatics analysis, we observed PPARγ and COL1A1 gene expression under the influence of different glucose doses. In particular, we observed that isoflavone and 17β-estradiol regulate blood glycemia. Renal injury was inhibited by isoflavone, observed by a reduction in KIM-1, along with glycogen accumulation. These benefits of isoflavone may be associated with PPARγ overexpression in the kidneys and endometrium of diabetic ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Aparecida Ferraz Carbonel
- Structural and Functional Biology Graduate Program, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), 740 Edifício Lemos Torres—2° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (L.P.d.S.F.); (R.R.V.); (G.R.d.S.S.); (M.d.J.S.)
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-5576-4268
| | - Rafael André da Silva
- Biosciences Graduate Program, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (IBILCE/UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Philipe de Souza Ferreira
- Structural and Functional Biology Graduate Program, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), 740 Edifício Lemos Torres—2° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (L.P.d.S.F.); (R.R.V.); (G.R.d.S.S.); (M.d.J.S.)
| | - Renata Ramos Vieira
- Structural and Functional Biology Graduate Program, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), 740 Edifício Lemos Torres—2° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (L.P.d.S.F.); (R.R.V.); (G.R.d.S.S.); (M.d.J.S.)
| | - Ricardo dos Santos Simões
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (J.M.S.J.)
| | - Gisela Rodrigues da Silva Sasso
- Structural and Functional Biology Graduate Program, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), 740 Edifício Lemos Torres—2° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (L.P.d.S.F.); (R.R.V.); (G.R.d.S.S.); (M.d.J.S.)
| | - Manuel de Jesus Simões
- Structural and Functional Biology Graduate Program, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), 740 Edifício Lemos Torres—2° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (L.P.d.S.F.); (R.R.V.); (G.R.d.S.S.); (M.d.J.S.)
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil
| | - José Maria Soares Junior
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (J.M.S.J.)
| | | | - Fernanda Teixeira Borges
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil;
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo 01506-000, SP, Brazil
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Theofani E, Semitekolou M, Samitas K, Mais A, Galani IE, Triantafyllia V, Lama J, Morianos I, Stavropoulos A, Jeong S, Andreakos E, Razani B, Rovina N, Xanthou G. TFEB signaling attenuates NLRP3-driven inflammatory responses in severe asthma. Allergy 2022; 77:2131-2146. [PMID: 35038351 DOI: 10.1111/all.15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NLRP3-driven inflammatory responses by circulating and lung-resident monocytes are critical drivers of asthma pathogenesis. Autophagy restrains NLRP3-induced monocyte activation in asthma models. Yet, the effects of autophagy and its master regulator, transcription factor EB (TFEB), on monocyte responses in human asthma remain unexplored. Here, we investigated whether activation of autophagy and TFEB signaling suppress inflammatory monocyte responses in asthmatic individuals. METHODS Peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes from asthmatic patients (n = 83) and healthy controls (n = 46) were stimulated with LPS/ATP to induce NLRP3 activation with or without the autophagy inducer, rapamycin. ASC specks, caspase-1 activation, IL-1β and IL-18 levels, mitochondrial function, ROS release, and mTORC1 signaling were examined. Autophagy was evaluated by LC3 puncta formation, p62/SQSTM1 degradation and TFEB activation. In a severe asthma (SA) model, we investigated the role of NLRP3 signaling using Nlrp3-/- mice and/or MCC950 administration, and the effects of TFEB activation using myeloid-specific TFEB-overexpressing mice or administration of the TFEB activator, trehalose. RESULTS We observed increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation, concomitant with impaired autophagy in circulating monocytes that correlated with asthma severity. SA patients also exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS accumulation. Autophagy failed to inhibit NLRP3-driven monocyte responses, due to defective TFEB activation and excessive mTORC1 signaling. NLRP3 blockade restrained inflammatory cytokine release and linked airway disease. TFEB activation restored impaired autophagy, attenuated NLRP3-driven pulmonary inflammation, and ameliorated SA phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our studies uncover a crucial role for TFEB-mediated reprogramming of monocyte inflammatory responses, raising the prospect that this pathway can be therapeutically harnessed for the management of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Theofani
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory Center for Basic Research Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) Athens Greece
- 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine Medical School ‘Sotiria’ Athens Chest Diseases HospitalNational Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Maria Semitekolou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory Center for Basic Research Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) Athens Greece
| | - Konstantinos Samitas
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory Center for Basic Research Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) Athens Greece
- 7th Respiratory Clinic and Asthma Center of the ‘Sotiria’ Athens Chest Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Annie Mais
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory Center for Basic Research Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) Athens Greece
| | - Ioanna E. Galani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research BRFAA Athens Greece
| | - Vasiliki Triantafyllia
- Laboratory of Immunobiology Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research BRFAA Athens Greece
| | - Joanna Lama
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory Center for Basic Research Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) Athens Greece
| | - Ioannis Morianos
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory Center for Basic Research Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) Athens Greece
| | - Athanasios Stavropoulos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research BRFAA Athens Greece
| | - Se‐Jin Jeong
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Division, and Department of Pathology & Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research BRFAA Athens Greece
| | - Babak Razani
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Division, and Department of Pathology & Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Nikoletta Rovina
- 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine Medical School ‘Sotiria’ Athens Chest Diseases HospitalNational Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Georgina Xanthou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory Center for Basic Research Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) Athens Greece
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Klimontov VV, Saik OV, Korbut AI. Glucose Variability: How Does It Work? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157783. [PMID: 34360550 PMCID: PMC8346105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence points to the role of glucose variability (GV) in the development of the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. In this review, we summarize data on GV-induced biochemical, cellular and molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Current data indicate that the deteriorating effect of GV on target organs can be realized through oxidative stress, glycation, chronic low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, impaired angiogenesis and renal fibrosis. The effects of GV on oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulability could be aggravated by hypoglycemia, associated with high GV. Oscillating hyperglycemia contributes to beta cell dysfunction, which leads to a further increase in GV and completes the vicious circle. In cells, the GV-induced cytotoxic effect includes mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and disturbances in autophagic flux, which are accompanied by reduced viability, activation of apoptosis and abnormalities in cell proliferation. These effects are realized through the up- and down-regulation of a large number of genes and the activity of signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, MAPK (ERK), JNK and TGF-β/Smad. Epigenetic modifications mediate the postponed effects of glucose fluctuations. The multiple deteriorative effects of GV provide further support for considering it as a therapeutic target in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V. Klimontov
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.V.S.); (A.I.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Olga V. Saik
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.V.S.); (A.I.K.)
- Laboratory of Computer Proteomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IC&G SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anton I. Korbut
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.V.S.); (A.I.K.)
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