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Pereira ME, Canei DH, Trevisan YPA, Maruyama FH, de Assis Pereira N, Pavan E, Zorzo C, Mendonça AJ, Nakazato L, de Oliveira Martins DT, Bortolini J, de Aguiar DM, de Almeida ABPF, Sousa VRF. Urinary NGAL and KIM-1 in Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis. Vet Sci 2025; 12:105. [PMID: 40005865 PMCID: PMC11860564 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci12020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2025] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis, caused by the deposition of immune complexes, can lead to kidney damage in dogs with canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME). The early diagnosis of renal insult is important to prevent severe kidney disease in infected dogs by Ehrlichia canis. This study aimed to investigate urinary biomarkers of renal function, neutrophil gelatinase (uNGAL), and kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1) using the Luminex® xMAP® platform, and the proportion of mixed or high molecular weight proteinuria in dogs with CME. This study included blood samples of thirty dogs with clinical signs of CME and amplified DNA for E. canis (CME group) and six dogs of different breeds and both sexes, aged 3 to 7 years, that showed no clinical-laboratory alterations or tick parasitism and were tested negative for E. canis via PCR (control group). The total calcium, phosphorus (p < 0.05), urea (p < 0.001), creatinine (p < 0.05), urinary density (p < 0.05), urinary protein creatinine ratio (p < 0.001), uNGAL (p < 0.05), and uKIM-1 (p > 0.05), as well as the proportion of high molecular weight proteinuria and mixed proteinuria (p < 0.01), were measured. Elevated serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, and phosphorus combined with reduced urinary density, increased urinary creatinine-protein ratio, urinary NGAL, and mixed proteinuria detected renal damage in dogs with CME, while KIM -1 remained unchanged. uNGAL can detect early renal lesions, reflecting renal damage before a significant increase in serum creatinine occurs, and appears to be an early diagnostic biomarker in renal disease in dogs with CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Elisa Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenue Fernando Correa da Costa, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil; (M.E.P.); (D.H.C.); (Y.P.A.T.); (F.H.M.); (N.d.A.P.); (C.Z.)
| | - Darlan Henrique Canei
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenue Fernando Correa da Costa, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil; (M.E.P.); (D.H.C.); (Y.P.A.T.); (F.H.M.); (N.d.A.P.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yolanda Paim Arruda Trevisan
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenue Fernando Correa da Costa, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil; (M.E.P.); (D.H.C.); (Y.P.A.T.); (F.H.M.); (N.d.A.P.); (C.Z.)
| | - Fernanda Harumi Maruyama
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenue Fernando Correa da Costa, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil; (M.E.P.); (D.H.C.); (Y.P.A.T.); (F.H.M.); (N.d.A.P.); (C.Z.)
| | - Nathália de Assis Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenue Fernando Correa da Costa, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil; (M.E.P.); (D.H.C.); (Y.P.A.T.); (F.H.M.); (N.d.A.P.); (C.Z.)
| | - Eduarda Pavan
- Pharmacology Area, Basic Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenue Fernando Correa da Costa, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil; (E.P.); (D.T.d.O.M.)
| | - Carolina Zorzo
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenue Fernando Correa da Costa, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil; (M.E.P.); (D.H.C.); (Y.P.A.T.); (F.H.M.); (N.d.A.P.); (C.Z.)
| | - Adriane Jorge Mendonça
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenue Fernando Correa da Costa, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil; (A.J.M.); (L.N.); (D.M.d.A.); (A.B.P.F.d.A.)
| | - Luciano Nakazato
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenue Fernando Correa da Costa, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil; (A.J.M.); (L.N.); (D.M.d.A.); (A.B.P.F.d.A.)
| | - Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins
- Pharmacology Area, Basic Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenue Fernando Correa da Costa, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil; (E.P.); (D.T.d.O.M.)
| | - Juliano Bortolini
- Exact and Earth Sciences Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenue Fernando Correa da Costa, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil;
| | - Daniel Moura de Aguiar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenue Fernando Correa da Costa, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil; (A.J.M.); (L.N.); (D.M.d.A.); (A.B.P.F.d.A.)
| | - Arleana Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenue Fernando Correa da Costa, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil; (A.J.M.); (L.N.); (D.M.d.A.); (A.B.P.F.d.A.)
| | - Valéria Régia Franco Sousa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenue Fernando Correa da Costa, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil; (A.J.M.); (L.N.); (D.M.d.A.); (A.B.P.F.d.A.)
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Le Sueur ANV, de Souza AAL, Paes AC, Takahira RK, Melchert A, Okamoto AS, Coyne M, Murphy R, Szlosek D, Peterson S, Guimarães-Okamoto PTC. Novel renal injury markers in dogs with ehrlichiosis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293545. [PMID: 38096157 PMCID: PMC10721078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) has been observed to impact renal function. Currently, the recognition of acute kidney injury is through the nonspecific biomarker serum creatinine (sCr). Novel markers of renal injury such as urinary clusterin (uClust) and urinary cystatin B (uCysB) may increase our understanding of the relationship between ehrlichiosis and renal cellular injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate novel renal injury biomarkers in dogs with acute CME. Twenty healthy dogs were enrolled in the control group (CG), and 16 dogs naturally infected with Ehrlichia canis were included in the Ehrlichia Group (EG). All dogs were followed for 45 days. EG dogs were treated with doxycycline twice daily for the first 30 days. Urine and serum were collected at: 0, 0.5, 1, 15, 30, and 45 days after start of treatment. Urine concentrations of uClust and uCysB were determined using a research ELISA immunoassay. A linear mixed model was used to estimate population mean of renal injury markers with patient as the random effect, and day and treatment as fixed effects. EG was observed to have higher uClust values compared to CG (estimated population mean EG: 213 ng/dL vs. CG: 84 ng/dL, P < 0.001). EG was observed to have higher uCysB values compared to CG (estimated population mean EG: 248 ng/dL vs. CG: 38 ng/dL, P < 0.001). Increases in uCysB and uClust suggest the presence of renal injury and a possible mechanism for the observed predisposition to chronic kidney disease in dogs with ehrlichiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- André N. V. Le Sueur
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University - NCSU, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adriana A. L. de Souza
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Antônio C. Paes
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Regina K. Takahira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Melchert
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Adriano S. Okamoto
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Michael Coyne
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, Maine, United States of America
| | - Rachel Murphy
- Abbott Diagnostics Inc., Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Donald Szlosek
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, Maine, United States of America
| | - Sarah Peterson
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, Maine, United States of America
| | - Priscylla T. C. Guimarães-Okamoto
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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