Hopeless tooth and less posterior occlusion is related to a greater risk of low handgrip strength: A population-based cross-sectional study

Nutrition mediates the relationship between number of teeth and sarcopenia: a pathway analysis

Objectives

The relationship between the number of teeth and sarcopenia remains poorly investigated. Although nutrition plays an important role in maintaining bone and muscle health, the complex relationship between number of teeth and nutrition in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia remains to be elucidated.

Methods

A large multi-ethnic sample of 4149 participants aged over 50 years old from West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study was analyzed. We examined the associations between number of teeth with nutritional status and sarcopenia, and the mediating role of nutrition in the association between number of teeth and sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. We assessed nutrition using Mini Nutrition Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) scale. Direct relationships between number of teeth, nutrition and sarcopenia were assessed using multiple linear regression. Mediation models and structural equation model (SEM) pathway analysis were used to test the mediating role of nutrition in the relationship between number of teeth and sarcopenia.

Results

Of 4149 participants aged 50 years old or older, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 22.5, 9.0% for moderate sarcopenia, and 13.5% for severe sarcopenia, respectively. Regression analysis indicated a total association between number of teeth (β = − 0.327, 95% CI − 0.471 to − 0.237, p < 0.001) and sarcopenia. After adjusted MNA-SF scores, the association between number of teeth and sarcopenia was still significant (β = − 0.269, 95% CI − 0.364 to − 0.175, p < 0.001), indicating a partial mediation effect of nutrition. Mediation analysis verified nutrition partially mediate the associations between number of teeth and sarcopenia (indirect effect estimate = − 0.0272, bootstrap 95% CI − 0.0324 to − 0.0222; direct effect estimate = − 0.0899, bootstrap 95% CI − 0.1049 to − 0.0738). And this mediation effect was through impacting SMI (indirect effect estimate = − 0.0283, bootstrap 95% CI − 0.0336 to − 0.0232) and grip strength (indirect effect estimate = − 0.0067, bootstrap 95% CI − 0.0094 to − 0.0043). Structural equation model (SEM) framework pathway analysis confirmed the association between number of teeth, nutrition, and sarcopenia.

Conclusions

Our findings indicated that sarcopenia was associated with number of teeth and poorer nutritional status, with nutrition partially mediating the association between number of teeth and sarcopenia. Our findings supported early nutritional assessment and intervention in oral health to mitigate the risk of sarcopenia.

Association between Present Teeth and Muscle Strength in Older People in Korea

Background: As the world population continues to age, interest in muscle strength loss in older people is increasing. This study aimed to confirm the association between present teeth and muscle strength in older people in Korea. Methods: Using data extracted from the 2014–2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we analyzed 5136 older people aged 65–79 years. The present teeth were based on 20 teeth, which is the criteria for comfortable mastication. The association of the risk of low muscle strength according to the present teeth was assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis, and the association was confirmed by dividing into subgroups according to sex. Results: The prevalence of low muscle strength was 17.87% among all participants. Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed the association between low muscle strength and present teeth; a significant association was found even in the model in which all covariates were adjusted (odds ratios (OR) = 1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13–1.61). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant association between present teeth and low muscle strength even in the model in which both covariates were adjusted for sex (Men, OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.02–1.95; Women, OR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.06–1.6). Conclusion: An association between present teeth and low muscle strength was confirmed in older people in Korea. These results indicate that the importance of oral hygiene management should be emphasized to prevent muscle strength loss in older people.